scholarly journals Escolas, catequese e trabalho de índios aldeados nas Minas Gerais (século XVIII)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Adriano Toledo Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colonial Frontier

Este artigo é uma tentativa de entender as relações sociais e de poder na construção de uma escola nos sertões do Rio Doce (Cuieté). Estudamos os processos de instituição do Estado na fronteira colonial, especialmente na gestão da força de trabalho dos povos indígenas. Problematizamos a construção de uma escola sobre os domínios indígenas, avaliando a configuração deste espaço, assim como os conflitos e identidades inerentes a este processo. O principal objetivo de nossos estudos é resgatar a historicidade dos povos conquistados em meio às representações e ações dos empreendimentos de conquista.Schools, catechesis and indigenous work in Minas Gerais (18th century). This article is an attempt to understand the social and power relationships in the construction of a school in the “sertões do Rio Doce” (Cuieté) ("hinterland of river Doce"). We studied the processes of institutionalization of the State in the colonial frontier, especially in the management of the indigenous workforce. We problematized the construction of a school in the indigenous domains, assessing the arrangement of this area, as well as conflicts and identities inherent to this process. The main purpose of this research is to retrieve the historicity of the colonized people amid the representations and actions of the ventures of conquest. Keywords: Indigenous school; Indigenous peoples; Brazil Colonial.

The Gift Economy and State Power in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayfair Mei-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Gift Economy ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
China Today ◽  
And Control

The state apparatus in China today has taken upon itself almost total responsibility for administering the social and economic domain. The welfare and control of the population, the organization of production, planning all social activities, and the distribution of the means of subsistence have become primary concerns of organs of the state. The types of power relationships and their social and symbolic expressions, which have crystallized around the distribution and circulation of desirables in such a political economy, are the subject of the present study. The study will also examine how certain counter-techniques of power deviate from the larger strategy of power exercised through the state socialist political economy, forming pockets of intransigence from within.

Bureaucratic Development and Social Science History

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Don Karl Rowney
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Science History ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Decisions

The following essays originated in a session of the Social Science History Association in October, 1976. Two of the participants, Bernard S. Silberman and Alfred J. Rieber, were asked to prepare studies of bureaucracy in Japan and Russia which also dealt with the problems of political power relationships in developing bureaucracies. A third participant, Cyril E. Black, was asked to compare, criticize, and synthesize the first two papers in a third paper of his own. Briefly, the substantive point of these essays as a group is that they deal with the effect of political decisions in achieving certain changes in economic, technical, and military structures and operations. They focus attention on the effects within a complex apparatus set up to administer those political decisions, the state bureaucracy. The essays themselves reveal, and Black’s synthesis details, that the points of similarity between Japan and Russia as they change across time are as numerous and instructive as are the differences. In this introduction, I will call attention to some aspects of these studies which, although technical, are nevertheless important to the research enterprise they represent.

scholarly journals “... And Their Mosques From Churches of God to Build in Distant Places”: to Qquestion of Formation of Interethnic and Interfaith Borders in Western Siberia in 18th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 512-536
Author(s):  
Z. A. Tychinskikh ◽  
S. R. Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Social Space ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

The process of building ethno-religious boundaries in the 18th century in the social space of Western Siberia is considered on the example of the provincial center — Tobolsk. The relevance of the study is due to the transformation of ethno-confessionalism from a cultural phenomenon into an instrument that can be used for political purposes in modern Russia. One of the methodological research tools is the method of analysis of the “new local history”, which allows you to create a holistic perception of the study of the social life of the past “at a local object”. The main stages of the state ethno-confessional policy in the 18th century are highlighted. The facts of the forced Christianization of Muslims are clarified. The authors draw attention to the role of the personal (subjective) factor in the processes under study. On the example of the activities of Metropolitan Sylvester Glovatsky and the governor F. I. Soimonov, the vector of the development of interfaith relations is considered, which often depends on the foresight and ideological attitudes of local authorities. Particular attention is paid to government decrees reflecting the position of the state in the ethno-religious sphere. The features are revealed and the main stages of the process of Christianization of Siberian Muslims during the 18th century are highlighted. The process of formation of interfaith boundaries in the multiethnic Siberian region is analyzed. The historiography of the topic under study is presented. 

scholarly journals TARSKY DISTRICT AND HIS EMPLOYEES IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
V. D. Puzanov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Social Group ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social World ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Town

The article examines the situation of Tara uyezd and service people who lived in the town of Tara in the first third of the 18th century. The research relies on such archival materials as responses of officials of Tara uyezd who completed to Prof. G.F. Miller’s questionnaire, books and tables of Siberian prikaz on the servitors in Siberia, and materials from the Senate fund. The article provides data on the town of Tara and Tara uyezd in the 1730s. Tara had a near-border position. A large Oirat state -Dzungar Khanate - was located to the south of Tara, and noble Oirat nomads collected tribute from the Turkic population of the uyezd. The reforms of Peter I made profound changes in the social world of Siberia. In the first third of the 18th century, the composition of the uyezd’s population was significantly altered. A new social group raznochintsy was formed of the relatives of servitors and clergy, and a large part of Tara’s service people were transferred to the garrison regiments of Siberia and the Orenburg governorate. The conflict between Tara’s horse Cossacks and captain Yakov Cheredov is indicative and important for understanding the service in favor of the state at that time. The Cheredovs were a deep-rooted clan of Russian service people who had lived in Tara since its founding. The Cheredovs held a number of important offices in Tara, and many of them became Boyar scions and nobles. After the 1722 Tara Rebellion, in which the Cheredovs played a significant role, they lost their privileged position and became raznochintsy . The ‘old’ service people who were nobles, Boyar scions and Cossacks remained the main military force in Siberian uyezds after the reforms. However, their dependence on the state increased. New garrison regiments in the region were formed in the 1730s, mostly of ‘old’ service people.

scholarly journals Why Should I? Cybersecurity, the Security of the State and the Insecurity of the Citizen

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizzie Coles-Kemp ◽  
Debi Ashenden ◽  
Kieron O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subsequent Literature

Assumptions are made by government and technology providers about the power relationships that shape the use of technological security controls and the norms under which technology usage occurs. We present a case study carried out in the North East of England that examined how a community might work together using a digital information sharing platform to respond to the pressures of welfare policy change. We describe an inductive consideration of this highly local case study before reviewing it in the light of broader security theory. By taking this approach we problematise the tendency of the state to focus on the security of technology at the expense of the security of the citizen. From insights gained from the case study and the subsequent literature review, we conclude that there are three main absences not addressed by the current designs of cybersecurity architectures. These are absences of: consensus as to whose security is being addressed, evidence of equivalence between the mechanisms that control behaviour, and two-way legibility. We argue that by addressing these absences the foundations of trust and collaboration can be built which are necessary for effective cybersecurity. Our consideration of the case study within the context of sovereignty indicates that the design of the cybersecurity architecture and its concomitant service design has a significant bearing on the social contract between citizen and state. By taking this novel perspective new directions emerge for the understanding of the effectiveness of cybersecurity technologies.

Mapping the State

Kropotkin ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
International System ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
West European

This chapter outlines three parallel accounts of the state that Kropotkin developed in the 1870s and 1880s as an anarchist critic of Tsarism. The first was an explanatory account for West European audiences and it described the iniquities of the Tsarist regime, and the social, economic and political problems that Russian revolutionaries were attempting to address. The second was a general anarchist critique that probed ideas of class and slavery and set out the reasons why constitutional solutions being proposed by radicals in Russia and elsewhere would fail to bring about social transformation. The third was an examination of the dynamics of change that drew directly on Kropotkin's understanding of geography. Kropotkin applied this to distinguish between nations and states and to develop ideas of colonisation, monopoly and a politics of anti-statecraft. By looking at the dynamics of the state, Kropotkin also explored the relationship between the state and capitalism and the power relationships of the international system. This analysis led him to identify Germany as the central power in Europe.

scholarly journals Conservation Units as a protection tool for social wasps in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216125
Author(s):  
Glauco Cássio de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Nathália Ribeiro Henriques ◽  
Mateus Aparecido Clemente ◽  
Marcos Magalhães de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

Conservation Units are an important tool for the Brazilian biota protection. However, various taxa, including the social wasps, are undersampled or are unknown in these areas. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the social wasp richness and distribution in the Conservation Units in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The social wasps were sampled between 2015 and 2019 in the Ritápolis National Forest (FLONA Ritápolis), in the Alto-Montana Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN Alto-Montana), in the Rio Machado Basin State Environmental Protection Area (APA Rio Machado) and in the Serra de São José Environmental Protection Area (APA Serra de São José), using two different sampling methodologies. Fourteen species were sampled for FLONA Ritápolis, 10 for RPPN Alto-Montana, 35 for APA Rio Machado and 19 for APA Serra de São José. Ninety-six social wasp species of the known richness in Minas Gerais were sampled in 14 Conservation Units, representing 90% of the fauna of the state. Thirty-four species are exclusive to these areas, with emphasis on the Rio Doce State Park, the Serra do Papagaio State Park, the Pandeiros River Wildlife Regufe and the APA Rio Machado. Most of the Conservation Units sampled are in the Atlantic Forest areas, but further efforts are needed in this biome, because of its accelerated destruction. There is still an urgent need for more studies in the Cerrado and Caatinga areas in the state, especially in Conservation Units.

scholarly journals POLITIK HUKUM PEMBENTUKAN DESA ADAT DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the legal political formation of indigenous villages in the government system in Indonesia. Village administration system becomes an important issue in setting the model villages in Indonesia. State recognition of indigenous villages punctuated with the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning the village. This study uses normative legal research in which data are collected and analyzed by the sentences associated with existing theories. The results of the study explained that the significance of the state recognizes indigenous villages namely to restore the identity and culture of rural communities, develop and preserve the local wisdom that a system of life of indigenous people of the village and as the controlling influence of globalization that destroys the social culture and Indonesian culture and restore the identity nation. Unification and pluralism to be one cause erosion of the power system and the character of the life of indigenous peoples through policies issued by the State. Therefore it is important to realize the concept of law that characterizes the character and culture of Indonesia in accordance with the times and the law in the society through the instrument of legislation.

Hak dan Akses Tenurial Masyarakat Hukum Adat Bengkunat dalam Pemanfaatan Hutan di Pesisir Barat, Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almonika Cindy Fatika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forest Use

Abstract: Recognition of tenure rights and access to forest use has always been a demand for indigenous people and non-government organizations that support indigenous peoples’ rights. However, focusing only on the recognition of rights is not enough to guarantee tenure access to indigenous people to use the forest. Indigenous people require not only recognition of rights from the state, but they alsoneed access to be able to use the forest. This article aims to understand the tenure rights and access of the Bengkunat indigenous people in forest use and the factors that influence the community’s access to use the forest. This article was produced by using the socio-legal approach to understand the social reality of tenure rights and access of the Bengkunat indigenous people in forest use. The results show that in addition to the recognition of Bengkunat indigenous people tenure rights to use the forest, they also need access to be able to use it. If there is no access, the community cannot benefit from the forest.Intisari: Pengakuan hak masyarakat hukum adat atas pemanfaatan hutan selalu menjadi tuntutan bagi masyarakat hukum adat dan organisasi non-pemerintah yang mendukung hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat. Meskipun demikian, hanya fokus pada pengakuan hak saja, tidak cukup memberikan jaminan akses tenurial kepada masyarakat hukum adat untuk memanfaatkan hutan. Masyarakat hukum adat tidak hanya membutuhkan pengakuan hak dari negara saja, tetapi juga membutuhkan akses untuk dapat memanfaatkan hutan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana hak dan akses tenurial masyarakat Bengkunat atas hutan dan apa saja faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi akses masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan hutan tersebut. Artikel ini dihasilkan dari penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal untuk memahami realitas sosial hak dan akses tenurial masyarakat hukum adat Bengkunat dalam pemanfaatan hutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disamping pengakuan terhadap hak tenurial masyarakat Bengkunat, mereka juga sangat memerlukan akses untuk dapat memanfaatkannya. Jika tidak ada akses, maka masyarakat tidak dapat menikmati hutan

Zwischen Verfolgung und Eingliederung

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Weineck
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Dominant Narratives

The history of the Kızılbaş-Alevis in the Ottoman Empire is often remembered and written as a history of persecution and oppression. This study opens up a perspective on the Ottoman state and the Kızılbaş-Alevis beyond such dominant narratives. It approaches the period between the 16th and the 18th century and investigates how the formerly persecuted Kızılbaş interacted with local and imperial Ottoman state agents. After the persecution of the Kızılbaş by the state both sides entered a relationship which aimed at conveniently accommodating the heterogeneous Kızılbaş-Alevi communities to the (local) Ottoman apparatus of power. Relying on a wide range of Ottoman sources, the author reveals formerly unstudied contexts in which the Kızılbaş-Alevis arranged themselves with and within the Ottoman state. As such, this work challenges widespread notions of persecution or essentialist ideas of Heresy and critically rethinks the social history of the Kızılbaş-Alevis in the Ottoman Empire.

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