COMPARATIVE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS (HAF-I & HAF-II) IN IMMOBILISED STRESS INDUCED RAT MODEL

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
A. K Srivastava ◽  
◽  
D Kaushik ◽  
V. K. Lal
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Stress Study ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Per Oral

The present study was undertaken to develop a method and to assess the anti-stress activity of poly herbal formulation HAF-I & HAF-II in immobilised stress induced rat model. Acute toxicity study was performed according to OECD guidelines No. 423. Sprague Dawley female rats were observed periodically for the symptoms of toxicity and death within 24 h and at regular intervals for 14 d. In anti-stress study, total 24 female rats were selected and divided into four groups of six animals each. The stress was confirmed by physiological parameters as well as malonaldialdehyde and FOX1 level measured in the blood samples of 18 animals. On the basis of these parameters, treatments were started in group III to group VI animals taken individually dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily dose per oral administration. Our finding showed that there were significant (P<0.0001) increased MDA, FOX1 and AChE enzyme activities along with decreased (P<0.0001, P<0.001) catalase, glutathione and total thiol antioxidant enzymes levels in stress induced group as compared to control group. After treatment with respective poly-herbal drugs HAF-I & HAF-II in group III to group IV animals, these above parameters were significantly improved in all treated animals after 20 days. Based on above study, it is concluded that these poly herbal formulations are effective for management of stress but comparativly, HAF-I is more effective for the improvement of stress (MDA, FOX1, AChE) levels and anti-oxidant enzyme during stress.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SENDOK (PLANTAGO MAYOR L.) TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN OVEREKSPRESI GEN REGENERATING-1, PENINGKATAN KADAR CASPASE-3 DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI JARINGAN MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS MODEL HIPERGASTRINEMIA - The Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Plantain (Plantago Mayor L.) on Inhibition of Over-expression of Regenerating-1 Gene, Increasing Caspase-3 Level and Histopatologic Feature of Gastric Mucosa of Hypergastrinemic Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Sutrisna Eman Sutrisna ◽  
Ani M Maskoen ◽  
Muchtan Sujatno ◽  
Herri S. Sastramihardja
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Oral Group ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Histopathologic Alteration

AbstrakEkstrak etanol daun sendok mengandung banyak zat aktif, termasuk triterpenoid dan flavonoid yang memiliki efek anti proliferatif, anti angiogenesis dan menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker. Hipergastrinemia dapat menginduksi over-ekspresi Gen Regenerating 1, menekan produksi Caspase 3 dan perubahan histopatologi jaringan mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sendok terhadap penghambatan over ekspresi gen Regenerating 1, peningkatan kadar Caspase 3 dan perubahan histopatologi  jaringan mukosa lambung tikus model hipergastrinemia. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan post test only with control group design. 28 tikus putih dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok I (kontrol) diberi Omeprazol dosis 8mg/200gBB tikus/hari, Ciprofibrate dosis 12,5mg/200gBB tikus/hari dan 3 kelompok studi (Kelompok II, III dan IV diberi Omepr azol dosis 8mg/200gBB tikus/hari, Ciprofibrate dosis 12,5mg/200gBB tikus/hari dan ektrak etanol daun sendok masing-masing dosis 50mg, 100 mg dan 200mg per 200gBB tikus/hari). Semua hewan coba dikorbankan dibawah pengaruh anestesi setelah perlakuan selama 2 bulan. Sampel darah dan gaster hewan coba diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar gastrin dan Caspase 3 dengan metode ELISA, ekspresi Gen Regenerating1 dengan RT-PCR serta histopatologi jaringan mukosa lambung. Kadar gastrin hewan coba meningkat 3-4 kali kadar gastrin normal (>169 pg/mL). Rerata ekspresi Gen Regenerating 1 terendah terjadi pada Kelompok III (1,226±0,108) Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan ekspresi Gen Regenerating 1 secara bermakna antara Kelompok III dengan kontrol (nilai p= 0,016;IK 95%). Rerata kadar Caspase 3 tertinggi terdapat pada IV (0,603±0,172ng/mL). Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kadar Caspase 3 secara bermakna antara kelompok IV dan Kelompok lainnya (nilai p <0,05;IK 95%). Gambaran histopatologi mukosa lambung menunjukan atropi dan tidak terdapat perbedaan ketebalan jaringan mukosa lambung secara bermakna diantara kelompok penelitian (nilai p=0,092; IK95%). Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sendok mencegah over-ekspresi Gen Regenerating 1 dengan dosis 100mg/200gBB/hari, meningkatkan kadar Caspase 3 dengan dosis 200mg/200gBB/hari tetapi pada dosis penelitian yang digunakan tidak dapat menghambat perubahan histopatologi jaringan mukosa lambung tikus model hipergastrinemiaKata Kunci: Ekstrak etanol daun sendok, Over ekspresi Gen Regenerating 1, Caspase 3, Histopatologi mukosa lambung, Model HipergastrinemiaAbstractPlantago major L has a lot of active substances, including triterpenoid  and flavonoid  that show anti proliferative effect, anti angiogenesis and induce cancer cells apoptosis. Hypergastrinemia able to induce overexpression of Regenerating 1 gene, inhibit activation of caspases include Caspase 3 and cause histopathologic alteration  of gastric mucosal tissues. This study was to evaluate  the effect of Plantago major L extract.on inhibition of Regenerating 1 gene overexpression, increasing of Caspase-3 level and histopathologic alteration of gastric mucosal tissues on hypergastrinemic rat (Rattus norvegicus) model. By experimental study and post test only with control group design,  28 of rats was divided in to 4 groups. Group I  as a negative control was given Omeprazole 8mg/200gbw rat and Ciprofibrate dose 12,5 mg/200gbw rat/day and aquadest per oral. Group II was given Omeprazole 8mg/200gbw rat and Ciprofibrate dose 12,5 mg/200gbw rat/day and Plantago major L. extract 50mg/200gbw rat/day per oral. Group III was given Omeprazole 8mg/200gbw rat and Ciprofibrate dose 12,5 mg/200gbw rat/day and Plantago major L. extract 100mg/200gbw rat/day per oral. Group IV was given Omeprazole 8mg/200gbw rat and Ciprofibrate  dose 12,5 mg/200gbw  rat/day  and Plan tago major  L. extract  200mg/200gbw rat/day per oral. They were killed after 2 month intervention under anaesthetic. Blood sample and gaster organs were collected for measurement of gastrin and caspase 3 level by using ELISA method, expression of Regenerating 1 gene by RT-PCR and histopatological examination of gastric mucosal tissues. There were increasing of gastrin level of rats up to 3-4 times fold compared to normal level and  to indicate hypergastrinemic condition. The lowest average of Regenerating 1 gene expression was found on Group III (1,226±0,108). Statistic analysis show that there were significantly difference of Regenerating 1 gene expression between group III and Control (p= 0,016; 95%CI) The highest average of Caspase-3 level was found on Group IV(0,603±0,172ng/mL) and there were significantly difference of caspase-3 level between group IV and the other Groups (p< 0,05; 95%CI). There were atrophic process on gastric mucosal tissue but there were not significantly difference of gastric mucosal thickness between group  (p= 0,092; 95%CI). This study can be concluded that administration of Plantago major L extract able to inhibit overexpression of  Regenerating 1 gene by dose 100mg/200gbw rat/day, to increase Caspase 3 level by dose 200mg/200gbw rat/day but can not to inhibit histopathologic alteration of gastric mucosal tissues by using all of the doses.  Keyword: Ethanol extract of Plantago major L, Regenerating 1 gene overexpression, Caspase 3, gastric mucosal histopatology, Hypergastrinemia model

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata l.) on IL-6 Levels in Mammary Sprague dawley Female Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Feby Purnamasari ◽  
Risfah Yulianty ◽  
Syamsa Latief
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nursing Mothers

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes inflammation such as mastitis in the breast. Breast mastitis can occur in nursing mothers and requires first aid or initial treatment. Herbal ingredients can be utilized because they are easily obtained and can be prepared by the community themselves. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract on IL-6 levels in mammae of female rats Sprague dawley induced by S. aureus. The study was divided into four groups consisting of five rats that were induced by S. aureus 2 x 107 CFU/ml. Group I was given 0.5% Na.CMC, Group II gave 45 mg/kgBW cefadroxil antibiotics, group III administered 100 mg / kgBW soursop leaf extract, and group IV administered soursop leaf extract combined with cefadroxil. Each group was given treatment twice a day for 5 days. IL-6 levels were measured on days 3 and 6. The results of this study showed IL-6 levels in group III were 7.50 ± 1.74 pg/ml on the 3rd day, and 4.51 ± 1.47 pg/ml on the 6th day. The results showed there were differences in IL-6 levels in group III (p = 0.037). Soursop leaf extract can be used as a therapy for mastitis caused by S. aureus.

scholarly journals Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing p53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akrom Akrom ◽  
Endang Darmawan ◽  
Liesma Yuhelvia
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Group I

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7<sup>th</sup> day, i.p. On the 8<sup>th</sup> day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9<sup>th</sup> day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p &lt; 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p &lt; 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats.

scholarly journals Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing p53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akrom Akrom ◽  
Endang Darmawan ◽  
Liesma Yuhelvia
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Group I

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7<sup>th</sup> day, i.p. On the 8<sup>th</sup> day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9<sup>th</sup> day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p &lt; 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p &lt; 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats.

Comparison of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at different moments of the life of female rats for translational studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110018
Author(s):  
Yuri K Sinzato ◽  
Eduardo Klöppel ◽  
Carolina A Miranda ◽  
Verônyca G Paula ◽  
Larissa F Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Term Pregnancy

Animal models are widely used for studying diabetes in translational research. However, methods for induction of diabetes are conflicting with regards to their efficacy, reproducibility and cost. A comparison of outcomes between the diabetic models is still unknown, especially full-term pregnancy.To understand the comparison, we analyzed the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at three life-different moments during the neonatal period in Sprague–Dawley female rats: at the first (D1), second (D2) and fifth (D5) day of postnatal life. At adulthood (90 days; D90), the animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetic status confirmation. The diabetic and control rats were mated and sacrificed at full-term pregnancy for different analyses. Group D1 presented a higher mortality percentage after STZ administration than groups D2 and D5. All diabetic groups presented higher blood glucose levels as compared to those of the control group, while group D5 had higher levels of glycemia compared with other groups during OGTT. The diabetic groups showed impaired reproductive outcomes compared with the control group. Group D1 had lower percentages of mated rats and D5 showed a lower percentage of a full-term pregnancy. Besides that, these two groups also showed the highest percentages of inadequate fetal weight. In summary, although all groups fulfill the diagnosis criteria for diabetes in adult life, in our investigation diabetes induced on D5 presents lower costs and higher efficacy and reproducibility for studies involving diabetes-complicated pregnancy.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

Evaluation of efficacy of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. gel solution in methylcellulose-induced ocular hypertension in New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhanvi J. Vaghela ◽  
Manish J. Barvaliya ◽  
Sugnesh J. Parmar ◽  
Chandrabhanu R. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Time Point

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera in the methylcellulose-induced ocular hypertension model.MethodsFifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was raised by anterior chamber injection of 2% methylcellulose in all the groups except the normal control group. Disease control animals were treated with sterile water and active control with topical 0.5% timolol 12 hourly; 6 and 12% A. vera gel topical solutions 8 hourly were given in group IV and V, respectively; 6 and 12% A. vera gel solutions along with timolol were given in group VI and VII animals, respectively. Mean IOP values and percentage of reduction in IOP were compared at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h.ResultsA. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) showed a significant reduction in mean IOP from 4 to 2 h time points, respectively, whereas, A. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) + timolol showed significant less mean IOP from a 30 min time point as compared with disease control. A. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) showed 8.6 and 10.4% more reduction in IOP, respectively (66.8 ± 4.9% and 68.6 ± 5.4% vs. 58.2 ± 2.3%; p > 0.05), whereas 6 and 12% A. vera gel solutions along with timolol showed 14.5 and 16.2% more reduction in IOP, respectively (72.7 ± 4.7% and 74.4 ± 4.1% vs. 58.2 ± 2.3%; p < 0.05), than disease control group at 48 h.ConclusionsSix and twelve percent A. vera gel solutions reduced the IOP effectively. Concurrent treatment with 12% A. vera gel and timolol produced the maximum reduction in IOP.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

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