scholarly journals Effect of Cultivar and Planting Time on Resistant Starch Accumulation in Pigeonpea Grown in Virginia

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Satya S. Narina ◽  
Yixiang Xu ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
Total Starch

Recent recognition of indigestible starch component named as “Resistant Starch” in the human small intestine raised our interest to execute the current study to identify the best cultivar to produce high-quality pigeonpea seed to incorporate in ongoing pigeonpea breeding program. Though pigeonpea was identified as one of the food legumes with high RS, there were no published reports for pigeonpea resistant starch accumulation as influenced by planting time. The experiment was conducted twice in replicated block design with four varieties and two planting times. The resistant and non resistant (hydrolysable) starch components of ground seed powder of four pigeonpea varieties were analyzed to identify the best planting time and best cultivar for high-resistance starch accumulation. Planting time and varieties showed significant influence on resistant starch (RS), total starch (TS), and hydrolysable starch (HS) accumulation. The pigeonpea variety W1 was significantly superior from other three varieties and has highest RS value (21.4 g/100 g) with 70 per cent RS out of its total starch (28 g/100 g). The planting time 2 (June 11) produced seed with highest values for RS (18.7 g/100 g), HS (6.5 g/100 g), and TS (25.2 g/100 g). The cultivar W1 is the better one followed by GA1 for use in further crop improvement.

scholarly journals The Effect of Processing and Cooling Methods on Coleus tuberosus in vitro Starch Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽  
Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽  
Retno Wulansari ◽  
Hera Sisca Prasmita
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Total Starch

Coleus tuberosus, also known as black potato, is one of the Indonesian local tubers consumed as a carbohydrate substituent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of processing and cooling methods on the in vitro digestibility of black potato starch. Furthermore, two factors Randomized Block Design with a 2x3 experimental design was used, which consisted of processing methods (boiling, roasting, and microwave) and cooling at room temperature and 4 °C for 24 hours with 3 repetitions. Black potato flour was compared with the raw form, by assessing some parameters, namely Resistant Starch (RS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), and Glycemic Index (GI). Also, the analysis of total starch, moisture, and color was performed, hence raw black potatoes generally have 10% resistant starch (%wb). Different treatments of cooking and cooling had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on moisture content, total starch, RS, RDS, SDS, GI, brightness (L), and yellowness (b). Black potatoes subjected to the processing method followed by cooling had lower RDS and increased RS content. Furthermore, refrigeration at 4°C for 24 hours reduced the digestibility of black potato starch more than cooling at room temperature. Contrarily, microwaved black potato cooled at room temperature showed a higher digestion rate compared to the raw counterpart. Conclusively, processing followed by cooling reduces the GI and increases the RS content of Coleus tuberosus.

scholarly journals In Vitro Starch Hydrolysis and Prediction of Glycemic Index (PGI) in “Amala” and Plantain Based Baked Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiin-Kabari David Barine ◽  
Giami Sunday Yorte
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Total Starch

<p>Various levels of bambara groundnut protein cocnentrate ranging from 0 to 15% were used in the formulation of plantain paste (Amala) and plantain baked products. ‘Amala’ and cookies were produced from 85% plantain flour and 15% bamabara groundnut protein concentrate, while cakes and bread were produced from 70% wheat flour, 20% plantain flour and 10% bambara groundnut protein concentrate. Starch fractions and <em>in vitro</em> starch hydrolysis of the products were determined. The lowest total starch value was found in plantain flour (51.51%) and highest in cakes (70.62%). There was no significant difference in resistant starch between plantain flour and ‘amala’ (5.22% and 4.99%, respectively). The lowest resistant starch was observed in bread (0.94%), while digestible starch was higher in bread and cakes compared to plantain flour. Higher total starch also resulted in higher digestible starch. The kinetic constant of plantain products showed very low values suggesting generally, higher resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest hydrolysis index (HI) of 74.85%, and 74.25% were observed in cakes and bread, respectively; which also resulted in higher predicted glycemic index (PGI) of 80.79% (Cakes) and 80.45% (Bread). These values were significantly different from that obtained for ‘amala’ with H1 of 56.40% with a corresponding PGI of 70.67% while cookies recorded HI value of 62.64% and PGI of 74.10%. The lowest HI (53.98%) and PGI (69.35%) was observed in plantain flour. This study showed that the more plantain flour in the product formualtions, the lower the hydrolysis index (HI) and the predicted glycemic index (PGI).</p>

The effect of feeding different protein sources on intake, milk yield, milk composition and liveweight in high yielding Holstein cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
R J Mansbridge ◽  
J S Blake
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
The Uk

High yielding cows require high quality diets to sustain milk yields and to minimise weight loss, metabolic disorders and fertility problems. Traditionally, these diets have contained fishmeal and soyabean meal, both widely regarded as good sources of high quality, digestible undegraded protein (DUP). However, there is increasing concern over the sustainability of world fish stocks and the BSE scare has increased public awareness to the extent that feeding animal protein to herbivores may become unacceptable in me future. This in turn has driven up the price of high quality imported vegetable proteins, such as soyabean meal. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fishmeal and soyabean meal could be replaced in the diet of high yielding cows, with protein sources grown in the UKIn a 12 week randomised block design experiment, 60 muciparous Holstein cows, on average 28 days calved at the start of the study, were fed total mixed rations based on grass silage and one of five protein mixtures. These were either 0.5 kg DM fishmeal + 0.7 kg DM soya + 2.5 kg DM rapeseed (PC), 1.3 kg DM soyabean + 2.3 kg DM rapeseed (PI), 3.8 kg DM lupins + 2.3 kg DM heat treated rapeseed (P2), 3.6 kg DM linseed + 1.4 kg DM rapeseed (P3) or 5.8 kg DM rapeseed (P4). Each diet was formulated to supply sufficient energy and metabolisable protein for maintenance + 43 litres and 0.75kg/d weight loss and to contain similiar levels of DUP (AFRC, 1993).

scholarly journals Scientific and practical fundamentals of growing cabbage (Brassica capitata lizg.) in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
A J Shokirov ◽  
S S Lapasov ◽  
K J Shokirov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Urgent Task

Abstract At present, scientific research is underway to further develop vegetable growing in the secondary crop, in particular to further increase the yield and quality of white cabbage, to select a system of planting time-sowing scheme that maximizes the biological productivity of varieties, and to apply the most optimal standards of fertilization and irrigation. In this regard, the urgent task remains to determine the optimal varieties of cabbage that can be grown in repeated crops, their optimal planting scheme, timing, development and implementation of optimal standards for each variety of mineral fertilizers and irrigation, and its solution is large-scale throughout the country. Besides that a number of problematic issues are addressed, which could allow to get high and high-quality harvest of white cabbage in repeated sowing in grain-free areas.

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and fertilization on the sterol and triterpene dialcohol compositions of virgin olive oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
A. Arbonés ◽  
B. Sastre ◽  
M. A. Pérez ◽  
C. De Lorenzo ◽  
M. Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of irrigation and fertilization with nitrogen and potassium on the sterol and triterpene dialcohol contents in two trials of cv. Arbequina in super-intensive orchards in Madrid and Lleida (Spain), using a completely randomized block design. No significant differences in total sterols between deficit and full irrigation treatments were observed. Under very dry conditions, the sterol levels from fully irrigated trees were higher than from rain-fed treatments and the triterpene dialcohol erythrodiol+ uvaol content was lower in the irrigated treatments in Lleida. In the fertilizer trial with full irrigation, total sterols were higher in the two N treatments compared to the unfertilized one; while erythrodiol + uvaol decreased. The application of K fertilizer had no effect on total sterol or triterpene dialcohol contents. A proper fertilization and irrigation are vital to obtain high quality EVOOs that meet the regulatory range in sterol and erythrodiol + uvaol contents.

EFFECT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF SWEET POTATO ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE-SWEET POTATO INTERCROP FOR WEEDS SUPPRESSION IN SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Felix O Takim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT Maize–sweet potato intercropping often results in weed suppression and increased crop productivity. This study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato, maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 66,666 plants/ha of sweet potato and maize at 53,333 plants/ha +99,999plants/ha of sweet potato), sole maize at 53,333 plants/ha and sole sweet potato at 33,333 plants/ha. The results revealed that, 7 weed species were the most prevalent and there was inconsistent effect of planting date on weed flushes while weed smothering efficiency of intercropping was between 31 to 49 % and 48 to 73% for weed density and weed biomass, respectively. Intercropping resulted in land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.29 to 1.74 while the competitive ability of maize was increased with an increase in sweet potato density. Planting in the month of June had significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve productivity of maize and sweet potato in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
T Chakrabarty ◽  
N Akter ◽  
ESMH Rashid ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation ◽  
Boro Rice

The success of varietal development programmme largely depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and characters association of the crop. The objective of the present study was to estimate the extent of genetic variability and relation between yield and related characters of rice. Forty Boro rice germplasm were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for 14 quantitative characters. The presence of slightly higher phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic coefficient of variation indicated the negligible influence of environment on the expression of yield and its component traits. Leaf length, days to flowering, days to maturity and 1000 grain weight showed highly positive significant correlation present with yield hill-1. High heritability had been observed for yield contributing traits during the study, suggested that these traits would respond to selection owing to their high genetic variability and transmissibility. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the inheritance of traits, their heritability and relationship with other important characteristics is important for the choice of breeding and selection methods for crop improvement. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 35-43

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Accumulation in Black Kernel Mutant Rice and its Contribution to ROS Detoxification in Response to High Temperature at the Filling Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi ◽  
Shamsu Ado Zakari ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Ali Raza Khan ◽  
Jawad Munawar Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Kernel Development

Effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin (ANS) accumulation and its relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in color rice kernel was investigated by using a black kernel mutant (9311bk) and its wildtype (WT). 9311bk showed strikingly higher ANS content in the kernel than WT. Just like the starch accumulation in rice kernels, ANS accumulation in the 9311bk kernel increased progressively along with kernel development, with the highest level of ANS at kernel maturity. HT exposure evidently decreased ANS accumulation in 9311bk kernel, but it increased ROS and MDA concentrations. The extent of HT-induced decline in kernel starch accumulation was genotype-dependent, which was much larger for WT than 9311bk. Under HT exposure, 9311bk had a relatively lower increase in ROS and MDA contents than its WT. This occurrence was just opposite to the genotype-dependent alteration in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX) in response to HT exposure, suggesting more efficiently ROS detoxification and relatively stronger heat tolerance for 9311bk than its WT. Hence, the extent of HT-induced declines in grain weight and kernel starch content was much smaller for 9311bk relative to its WT. HT exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsCHS, OsF3’H, OsDFR and OsANS and impaired the ANS biosynthesis in rice kernel, which was strongly responsible for HT-induced decline in the accumulation of ANS, C3G, and P3G in 9311bk kernels. These results could provide valuable information to cope with global warming and achieving high quality for color rice production.

scholarly journals Effect of planting time on the growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Physiological Characters

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) contains the highest level of omega- 3 fatty acid available in any cultivated plant source. The objective of this research was to find out the suitable planting time for chia in Bangladesh and to study the effect of planting time on its growth and yield. An experiment was carried out at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the period from November 2013 to July 2014 to study the growth, morpho-physiological yield contributing characters and yield of chia. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the means were adjudged by DMRT using the statistical computer package program, MSTAT_C. The tallest plant (136 cm), highest number of inflorescence plant–1 (13.67), highest amount of total dry matter (305 g) and highest root length (7.767 cm) were recorded from November planting at harvest. However, leaf area plant–1 (207.2 cm2) and LAI (1.891) had also significantly higher from November planting at 90 days after sowing (DAS) compared to other planting times. November planting further recorded the higher CGR (33.43 g m-2 day-1) at the stage between 76–90 DAS and thereafter they decreased. Higher seed yield (1033 Kg ha–1), husk yield (888 Kg ha–1), seed yield plant-1 (4.773 g), husk yield plant-1 (2.840 g) were also recorded from November planting. In December planting the seed yield, husk yield, seed yield plant-1, husk yield plant-1 were 681 Kg ha–1, 340 Kg ha–1, 2.350g and 0.9467g, respectively. Lower seed yield (159 Kg ha–1), husk yield (166 Kg ha–1), seed yield plant-1 (0.6150 g) and husk yield plant-1 (0.5383 g) were recorded from January planting. Except total dry matter, other morpho-physiological characters, yield and yield contributing factors were less effective in January than other planting time. February and March planting did not produce any fertile spike resulting yield less vegetative growth. These results revealed that, November planting was found outstanding superiority for plant growth, yield and morpho-physiological characters of chia in Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 502-507

Combining Ability and Gene Action Analysis for Seed Yield and Component Traits in F2 Generation of Vigna mungo L. Hepper by using Griffing Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
R. K. Mittal ◽  
V. K. Sood ◽  
Kulveer Singh Dhillon ◽  
Shailja Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Half Diallel

Background: Urdbean (2n=2x=22), also known as blackgram is an important short duration legume crop belonging to family Fabaceae, widely cultivated in Asia. Urdbean occupies an important position among pulses owing to its high seed protein (25-26%), carbohydrates (60%), fat (15%), minerals, amino acids and vitamins. Owing to its low water requirement, it is also suitable for rainfed conditions. It adapts well to various cropping systems owing to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, rapid growth and early maturity. Half diallel analysis was adopted in present study to gather information on gca (general combining abilities) and sca (specific combining abilities) of 6 diverse parents and simultaneously estimating various types of gene effects involved in the expression of seed yield and related attributes in urdbean. Methods: The F1’s were developed during 2017 in 9 x 9 half diallel fashion by Sharma et al. 2019 and these F1’s were evaluated. Significant crosses on the basis of gene action and combining ability were selected for further advancement. The experimental material comprised of the six parents and 15 F2’s of a 6 x 6 half diallel cross among six cultivars of urdbean (four are purelines viz., Palampur-93, HPBU-111, DU-1 and KU-553 and rest of the two are advanced and indigenous lines viz., Him Mash-1 and IC-281994). The F2’s along with the parental genotypes were grown in a Randomized block Design (RBD) with three replications at Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, COA, CSK HPKV Palampur (H.P.) during Kharif, 2018. Results: The cross combination, Him Mash-1× HPBU-111, was identified the best for high seed yield on the basis of sca. The specific crosses, Palampur-93 × IC-281994, Palampur-93 × KU-553 were good specific combiners for most of the traits viz., plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, 100-seed weight and crude protein content.

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