scholarly journals The Effect of Processing and Cooling Methods on Coleus tuberosus in vitro Starch Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽  
Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽  
Retno Wulansari ◽  
Hera Sisca Prasmita
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Total Starch

Coleus tuberosus, also known as black potato, is one of the Indonesian local tubers consumed as a carbohydrate substituent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of processing and cooling methods on the in vitro digestibility of black potato starch. Furthermore, two factors Randomized Block Design with a 2x3 experimental design was used, which consisted of processing methods (boiling, roasting, and microwave) and cooling at room temperature and 4 °C for 24 hours with 3 repetitions. Black potato flour was compared with the raw form, by assessing some parameters, namely Resistant Starch (RS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), and Glycemic Index (GI). Also, the analysis of total starch, moisture, and color was performed, hence raw black potatoes generally have 10% resistant starch (%wb). Different treatments of cooking and cooling had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on moisture content, total starch, RS, RDS, SDS, GI, brightness (L), and yellowness (b). Black potatoes subjected to the processing method followed by cooling had lower RDS and increased RS content. Furthermore, refrigeration at 4°C for 24 hours reduced the digestibility of black potato starch more than cooling at room temperature. Contrarily, microwaved black potato cooled at room temperature showed a higher digestion rate compared to the raw counterpart. Conclusively, processing followed by cooling reduces the GI and increases the RS content of Coleus tuberosus.

scholarly journals Effect of rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
A Rosmalia ◽  
Astriani ◽  
W P Sahroni ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Despal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Degradable Protein

Abstract The availability of nitrogen and sulfur in the rumen should be synchronized to generate microbial protein synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The experimental design was a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDP levels (%CP) (R1= 60%; R2= 55%; R3= 50%; R4= 45%), and factor 2 was sulfur supplementation (S1= 0%; S2= 0.1%; S3= 0.2%). Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that sulfur supplementation improved DMD and OMD without changes in rumen pH. NH3 concentration was influenced by RDP levels. Treatment R1 had the highest NH3 concentration (7.03 mM). There was an interaction of two factors on total VFA concentration. The combination of R1 and S2 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than others. The total bacteria population increased with increasing RDP levels. Protozoa population was affected by RDP levels and sulfur supplementation. This study concluded that a combination of 60% RDP and 0.2% sulfur supplementation resulted in the best ration to improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Ini Vitro Fermentative Digestibility of Odot Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott) At Different Planting Spacing and Defoliation Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
La Malesi ◽  
Takdir Saili ◽  
Ali Bain ◽  
Tresjia C Rakian
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ph Level

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of in vitro fermentative digestibility of odot grass planted at different spacing and defoliation ages-days after planting (DAP). The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science of the Halu Oleo University and the Laboratory of Nutrition for Dairy Sciences of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The study was designed by using factorial randomized block design (3x3). The first factor was planting spacing (60 cm x 90 cm, 75 cm x 90 cm and 90 cm x 90 cm), and the second factor was defoliation age (60 DAP, 90 DAP, and 120 DAP), consisted of 4 groups and there were 36 treatment combinations. The grouping was based on the slope of the land. The study data were analyzed by using analysis of variance using SPSS 21 and if the treatment had a significant effect, a different test between treatments was tested by using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The experimental results showed that the interaction between planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect the characteristics of fermentation and nutrient digestibility in vitro. However, the in vitro fermentation characteristics were affected significantly (<em>p</em><0.05) by defoliation age, but were not affected by planting spacing whereas the pH level was not affected by spacing and defoliation age. Further tests of the differences between treatments showed that the planting spacing treatment was not significantly different (<em>p</em>>0.05), whereas among the defoliation age treatments were significantly different (<em>p</em><0.05). The conclusion of this study was the treatment of planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect digestibility in vitro fermentative of grass odot. The treatment of defoliation age independently influenced the in vitro digestibility of odot grass.

scholarly journals In-vitro nutrient degradability of complete feed containing myristic acid and tannins addition

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00047
Author(s):  
Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru ◽  
Siti Chuzaemi ◽  
Muhimmatu Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of Myristic acid and the source of condensed tannin on corn straw basedcomplete feed on nutrient content and in vitro digestibility. The method which was used in this experiment was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of T0 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate), T1 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate + myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T2 complete feed (40% corn straw + 50% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 10%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T3 complete feed (40% corn straw + 45% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T4 (40% corn straw + 40% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 20%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM). Based on the result, it could be concluded that calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM + Myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM on the complete feed (T3) was the best treatment based on nutrient content and increase of dry matter digestibility, but not an effect of organic matter digestibility

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the association of chitosan and cashew nut shell liquid as additives for ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina PEREIRA ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de GOES ◽  
Antônio Campanha MARTINEZ ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues GANDRA ◽  
Eduardo PRESENDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the in vitro digestibility of nutrients from different diets added with chitosan (Q), technic cashew nut shell liquid (LCC) and the association of Q and LCC. The treatments used consisted of 4 diets (forage: concentrate ratio of 100: 0, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80) associated with 4 additives (control, chitosan, LCC and the association of Q + LCC), totaling 16 treatments, in a 4x4 factorial randomized block design. The dosages used were: Control (without additives), LCC (600mg/kg DM), Chitosan (900mg/kg DM), and LCCQ (600mg/kg LCC DM + 900mg/kg Chitosan DM). In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for IVDMD, IVNDFD, IVCPD, pH and RAN (ruminal ammonia nitrogen). For pH and RAN analyses, samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after incubation. The results showed higher digestibility of DM, NDF and CP for diets with chitosan and technic cashew nut shell liquid alone and higher pH and RAN values in the diets containing the two additives. The association of additives brings better results for animal nutrition and increases ruminant productivity.

scholarly journals In vitro Digestibility Profiles of Different Types of Resistant Starch With Bioactive Guest Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
Jiayue Guo ◽  
Alegna Reyes ◽  
Alyssa Gutierrez ◽  
Lingyan Kong
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Abstract Objectives Retardation of starch digestion is an effective way of optimizing glycemic response. As the non-digestible portion of starch, resistant starch (RS) is associated with several beneficial effects such as regulating blood glucose level and improving gut health. Although all types of RS demonstrate such health benefits, different subtypes and structures may lead to variations in the digestibility profile. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro digestibility of type 2 RS (RS2), type 3 RS (RS3), and novel type 5 RS (RS5) produced by starch inclusion complexes with ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and palmitic acid (PA) as potential inhibitors or guest compounds. Methods Two RS2 samples (high amylose maize starch, HAMS; potato starch, PS) in both raw and cooked forms, and RS3 samples produced by retrogradation of the two starches were tested for in vitro enzymatic digestion. AP and PA were either added during the digestion of RS2 and RS3 samples as potential inhibitors or processed to form inclusion complexes with starch prior to digestion as guest compounds of RS5. Starch digestibility profiles, represented by rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), total digestible starch (TDS), and RS contents, were determined. Results Cooking significantly increased the digestibility of RS2, while retrogradation (formation of RS3) inhibited the digestion by increasing the SDS and RS contents. The addition of AP significantly inhibited the in vitro digestion of RS2 (both raw and cooked HAMS and PS) and RS3 (retrograded HAMS and PS). The digestibility profile of RS5 produced by forming starch inclusion complexes with AP and PA was comparable to that of RS3, which exhibited higher SDS and RS contents as compared to cooked RS2. Conclusions AP as a bioactive guest compound could inhibit the in vitro digestion of raw and cooked RS2 and RS3. RS5 produced by forming starch inclusion complexes with AP and PA presented comparable digestibility with RS3, and higher SDS and RS contents as compared to cooked RS2. Since raw RS2 is not normally consumed in daily life, RS3 and RS5 could serve as better choices for daily consumption. In addition, adding certain bioactive food components could compensate for RS loss, suggesting a practical way of modulating glycemic response. Funding Sources University of Alabama Emerging Scholar Program and Faculty Start-up Fund.

scholarly journals Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenilson Meurer ◽  
Sara Carvalho de Brito ◽  
Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Dagoberto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.

scholarly journals PSII-22 Effects of Clinoptilolite inclusion on Ruminant Invitro Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
Leeroy A Lente ◽  
Roderick A Gonzalez Murray ◽  
Shawn L Archibeque
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Zeolite (ZE, clinoptilolite) inclusion on in vitro rumen fermentation. A modified procedure from Tilley and Terry (1963) was used to determine alfalfa in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in the presence or absence of ZE. Test tubes (n = 96) were placed in a 39 °C bath and were blocked based on hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48. Substrate consisted of dried alfalfa grinded through a 1mm screen using a Wily Mill. Treatments consisted of, Control (no ZE inclusion), and 0.05g ZE, for each 1 gram of alfalfa. After incubation, IVDMD was calculated 24 hours after drying period. Data was analyzed using a randomized block design. The IVDMD was found to be similar across all treatments (P &gt; 0.8464). The IVDMD was significantly different when incubated for the varying lengths of time (P &lt; 0.001). There was an IVDMD of 20.18 ± 2.89 % for the control and 18.07 ± 5.49 % for the ZE at the zero hour. The IVDMD for Control and ZE for 48 hours were 54.30 ± 1.58 % and 53. 48 ± 1.04 % respectively. To predict the IVDMD of the effects of ZE treatment on digestibility over time, the corresponding regression f(x) = 20.60 + 0.421X1 + 0.730X2 with R2 = 0.8464. In conclusion these data demonstrate that inclusion of ZE, does not influence the in vitro digestibility of alfalfa. These findings are important as previous data would indicate that inclusion of ZE may reduce cost of gain and/or influence liver abscess rates, it was uncertain if that would come at the cost of reduced digestibility of feed. These data indicate that there is likely very little to no impact on feed digestibility when ZE is included in the ration.

Increase nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of forage legumes by adding molybdenum with foliar spray methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iin Susilawati ◽  
Nyimas Popi Indriani ◽  
Lizah Khairani ◽  
U. Hidayat Tanuwiria
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

Legumes as a source of protein is one of the most important nutrients for the ruminants. The experiment was carried out in the field of Forage Crop Laboratory of Padjadjaran University from october 2016 until January 2017, to study the effect of molybdenum fertilization on quality and in vitro digestibility on legumes. The design used was randomized block design with six treatment combinations consisting two levels of molybdenum (0 and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1) with foliar spray methods and three species of legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Centrosema pubescens) replicated four times. The results showed that the type of legume and molybdenum fertilizer had significant effect on crude protein content, ash content and in vitro digestibility but no significant effect on crude fiber content of forage legume.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of tarap (Artocarpus adoratisimus) starch

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-611
Author(s):  
Noorfarahzilah M. ◽  
L. Jau-Shya ◽  
A.H. Mansoor ◽  
M.H.A. Jahurul ◽  
M.R. Umi Hartina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Total Starch ◽  
Granule Diameter

The objective of the research was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Tarap fruit starch. In this study, young Tarap fruit starch was extracted and the percentage of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin were determined. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the morphological features of the starch granule. Swelling, pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation and in vitro digestibility were also investigated. A total of 17.85% starch was successfully extracted from unripe Tarap fruit, whereas the amount of total starch and resistant starch were 89.14% and 47.82%, respectively. The amounts of rapid digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were 6.58% and 23.25%, respectively. Results found that the amylopectin content was higher than amylose (77.15% and 11.97%). The starch granules were round and polygon in shapes with smooth surfaces. The average of starch granules size was range from 6.50 to 8.30 μm with 7.4 μm of mean granule diameter. Pasting properties showed that peak viscosity was observed at about 6.5 min at 73.5oC. Tarap starch gelatinization temperatures (onset, 71.63°C; peak, 74.56°C; conclusion, 78.24°C) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) (3.74 J/g) were higher while the retrograded starches show lower retrogradation temperature and enthalpy than native starches. Unripe Tarap starch showed good potential to be utilized as adhesives and thickener for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of improved populations Brachiaria ruziziensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Luciana Linhares Marcelino ◽  
Gisele Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Fausto Souza Sobrinho ◽  
Maria Izabel Vieira de Almeida ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Value

A low number of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) cultivars available on the market and a lack of information about its forage potential have made it difficult to expand its cultivated area, and have therefore made it necessary to implement a breeding program for this species. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of ten improved populations of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) and two controls (B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and B. brizantha cv. Marandu). The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications in five sections. The data were submitted to analysis of variance in the subdivided plot in which the primary factors were the populations and the secondary cuts. The Tukey test was used at 5% of significance for the comparison of means. The genotypes used came from the third recurrent selection cycle of Embrapa dairy cattle, originating from the interbreeding of clones which had been identified as superior. The height of the cuts was 10 cm in relation to the ground. The material was cut and weighed in the field to obtain the sample weights to determine the nutritional forage value. After drying, the samples were ground in 1 mm sieves for chemical analyzes and in vitro digestibility. The best CP, ADF and NDF levels observed in IV populations (lower levels of ADF and NDF at 93 days of cut interval and lower NDF contents at 35 and 41 days of cut interval), population VI (higher CP content in the interval of 93 days, lower DM content at 64 and 93 days of cut interval, and lower NDF content at 35 and 64 days of cut interval) showed that these populations can be evaluated under grazing even at an advanced maturation stage. The objective of these selections was to evaluate the nutritional value of improved populations of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) in order to obtain more homogeneous populations for implantation of grazing experiments.

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