scholarly journals Potential benefits of altering the cassava farming practices in the water shortage regions of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
VAN HONG, NGUYEN ◽  
TRUONG AN, DANG
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Index Of Agreement ◽  
Negative Impacts

The work was proceeded to define the suitable period for planting cassava crops in Han Thuan Bac district of Binh Thuan province, Vietnam to reduce the negative impacts of weather factors. The work was deployed applying the FAO-Aqua Crop model to calculate the tuber yield of cassava plants under the cassava farming practices (CFP) to seek the suitable planting period (SPP). The applied model was appraised through the calibration and validation procedures with the index of agreement (IA), correlation coefficient (CC) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) varying from 0.82 to 0.88, 0.81 to 0.89 and 0.21 to 0.29, respectively. Based on the calibrated and validated procedures it can state that the proposed model is suitable for simulating the tuber yield of cassava across the study area. The simulated results indicated that the application of the CFP on Julian days from 110 to 150 for Vu Xuan crop and from 100 to 140for Vu He crop the tuber yield of cassava can improve up to 8.9 per cent and 6.0 per cent, respectively compared to the current farming practices.

scholarly journals Didymo and Its Polysaccharide Stalks: Beneficial to the Environment or Not?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Hurmat Ejaz ◽  
Esther Somanader ◽  
Uday Dave ◽  
Hermann Ehrlich ◽  
M. Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Didymosphenia geminata diatoms, or Didymo, was first found to be an invasive species that could have negative impacts on the environment due to the aggressive growth of its polysaccharide-based stalks. The stalks’ adhesive properties have prompted park officials to alert the general public to limit further spread and contamination of this algae to other bodies of water. Although the negative effects of Didymo have been studied in the past, recent studies have demonstrated a potential positive side to this alga. One of the potential benefits includes the structural component of the polysaccharide stalks. The origin of the polysaccharides within stalks remains unknown; however, they can be useful in a waste management and agricultural setting. The primary purpose of this study was to describe both the harmful and beneficial nature of Didymo. Important outcomes include findings related to its application in various fields such as medicine and technology. These polysaccharides can be isolated and studied closely to produce efficient solar power cells and batteries. Though they may be harmful while uncontained in nature, they appear to be very useful in the technological and medical advancement of our society.

Developing Ethical Web- and Mobile-Based Technologies for Dementia

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-264
Author(s):  
Julie M. Robillard ◽  
Tanya E. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual

The availability of web- and mobile-based technologies (WMBTs) for dementia prevention and care has grown exponentially over the last decade. These include computer-based resources such as online self-diagnostic tools, mobile-based resources such as applications (“apps”) that track lifestyle metrics or provide interactive platforms for cognitive engagement, and cross-platform resources such as websites providing health information. Despite their potential benefits, key ethical challenges have been identified in WMBTs for dementia both at the individual and societal levels, including issues of privacy, quality, and accessibility. This chapter explores the ethical challenges surrounding the use of WMBTs for dementia and highlights recent evidence on the positive and negative impacts of WMBT solutions. The chapter reviews development and design recommendations that have been put forward to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of using WMBTs for dementia. It closes by looking to the future and proposing development considerations for future WMBT development.

scholarly journals The early prognosis of tuber yield based on nitrogen status in potato tops

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki ◽  
Maria Biber
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
N Content ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
June July ◽  
N Management

The pattern of nitrogen net change (ΔN) in potato tops during the period extending from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 is crucial for tuber yield (TY). This hypothesis was verified based on data from field experiments (2006–2008) with sequentially added nutrients (0, NP, NPK, NPKS, NPKSMg) to potato. The water shortage in June/July 2006 and in June 2008 significantly affected N content, and in turn TY. The TY was reduced by 38% in 2006 and by 23% in 2008, as compared to 2007 (53.7 t/ha). The N content in potato tops at BBCH 40 of 2.5% indicated the lowest TY, whereas 4.3% the maximum TY. The ΔN of +0.4% within the period from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 determined the optimal range of the N content for the maximum TY (3.9–4.3%). The ΔN trend depended on the change of phosphorus and potassium contents. The key reason of N inefficiency was the shortage of potassium (K), resulting in its negligible change within this period. The pattern of zinc content at BBCH 40 reflected fairly well disturbances in N as well as K supply to potato. A good supply of K and Zn to potato can improve N management just before tuber initiation.

Welfare Phenotyping of Genetically-Modified Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Margaret Rose
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gm Animals ◽  
The Impact

Technologies that enable the targeted manipulation of the genome have created new opportunities to study the role and interplay of specific genes in both the regulation and function of physiological and behavioural processes and in the development of pathological conditions. Despite the potential benefits, there are ethical issues in relation to the application of these technologies, some of which relate to the impact on the welfare of the animals involved. Matters of concern include the methods involved in the derivation and production of genetically-modified (GM) animals and resulting phenotypes, where animal welfare is compromised. In the case of the latter, this may be the predicted consequence of the genetic modification, but the occurrence of unforeseen animal welfare complications is a major challenge in the management of GM animals. There has been a rapid escalation in the development of new GM lines, most of them involving mice. Databases of available lines have been developed by national and international consortia, and researchers have developed standard protocols to describe the phenotype of a new line; increasingly, such data are entered into these databases. The inclusion of animal welfare assessments with these data would provide a powerful and sophisticated tool to promote refinement. The scope, level and frequency of monitoring would facilitate the identification of unpredicted effects and the management of humane endpoints, and would identify opportunities to manage the animals so as to ameliorate negative impacts. Furthermore, by highlighting the subtleties of gene–environment interactions, such data have wider implications in achieving the goals of refinement.

scholarly journals A Strategies Alignment Approach to Manage Disruptive Events in Collaborative Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Andres ◽  
Giulio Marcucci
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Turbulent Environments ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Disruption Recovery

Enterprises of the supply chain are currently embedded in dynamic and turbulent environments, having to deal with the appearance of disruptive events. When an enterprise is affected by a disruptive event, the consequences of the disruption not only impact in the enterprise itself, but also influences on the other partners of the network to which it belongs. Thus, disruptive events exceed the capability of individual actors, impacting on the network performance. Consequently, network partners have to collaboratively make decisions to soften the negative impacts on the performance. In this regard, after a disruption takes place, network enterprises should be aware of activating a set of sustainable and resilience strategies that attenuate the performance loss and reduce the disruption recovery time. Nevertheless, the diverse nature of disruptions means that a wide range of varied and sometimes contradictory strategies can be formulated, resulting in conflict situations among the collaborative network (CN) partners. The current paper proposes an approach that makes it possible to collaboratively manage the strategies to activate when a disruptive event occurs, so that the selected strategies are aligned. The strategies alignment approach, proposed in the paper, makes it possible to select those strategies that have a positive impact, or a minimum negative impact, on the objectives defined, not only in the enterprise itself, but also in the objectives defined by the rest of CN partners. The alignment of strategies makes it possible to reduce the performance level loss when a disruption takes place. Thus, the strategies alignment approach aims at activating those strategies that maximize the performance of the CN, achieving levels of performance equal or higher than the levels previous to the disruption, limiting the adverse effects produced by the disruptive events, and contributing to a more sustainable–resilient CN. Finally, in order to validate the proposal, a case study is presented. The proposed model is validated to deal with a drop in demand due to a political embargo, in a textile CN.

scholarly journals A Segmented Signal Progression Model for the Modern Streetcar System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Baojie Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Hu ◽  
Xiaowei Li
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
New City ◽  
Negative Impacts

This paper is on the purpose of developing a segmented signal progression model for modern streetcar system. The new method is presented with the following features: (1) the control concept is based on the assumption of only one streetcar line operating along an arterial under a constant headway and no bandwidth demand for streetcar system signal progression; (2) the control unit is defined as a coordinated intersection group associated with several streetcar stations, and the control joints must be streetcar stations; (3) the objective function is built to ensure the two-way streetcar arrival times distributing within the available time of streetcar phase; (4) the available time of streetcar phase is determined by timing schemes, intersection structures, track locations, streetcar speeds, and vehicular accelerations; (5) the streetcar running speed is constant separately whether it is in upstream or downstream route; (6) the streetcar dwell time is preset according to historical data distribution or charging demand. The proposed method is experimentally examined in Hexi New City Streetcar Project in Nanjing, China. In the experimental results, the streetcar system operation and the progression impacts are shown to affect transit and vehicular traffic. The proposed model presents promising outcomes through the design of streetcar system segmented signal progression, in terms of ensuring high streetcar system efficiency and minimizing negative impacts on transit and vehicular traffic.

International Harmonization of Food and Nutrition Regulation: The Good and the Bad

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fitzgerald Bone ◽  
Karen Russo France
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
International Harmonization ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Global Food ◽  
The U.S

Researchers have long been interested in food and nutrition regulations. Such regulations, however, expand beyond the typical research focus on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Several international organizations play a role in global food and nutrition regulations. The authors discuss the issues revolving around harmonization of food and nutrition regulations and discuss the potential benefits and negative impacts of this process.

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Corn Yield in the U.S. Using a Crop Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2123-2136
Author(s):  
Kenichi Tatsumi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

Abstract. A detailed analysis was conducted of the effects of climate change and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on corn yield in the U.S. with a crop model using outputs from multiple general circulation models (multi-GCMs). Corn yield was simulated for 1999-2010, for the 2050s (average for 2041-2060), and for the 2070s (average for 2061-2080) under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) climate scenario. Results indicated a shortening of the growing period (GP), decreased water use efficiency (WUE) in almost all regions, and increased evapotranspiration (ET) during GP in almost all regions except for the southern U.S. Using multi-GCMs, the simulations under the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in negative effects of climate change on yield in almost all regions during both future periods. Especially strong negative impacts were reported south of latitude 40° N due to less optimal growing conditions. On the other hand, there were relatively smaller negative impacts in high-latitude regions (approximately north of latitude 40° N) due to more optimal growing conditions because of larger temperature changes compared to low-latitude and mid-latitude regions. Higher CO2 concentrations have the potential to increase corn yield. CO2 effects resulted in an approximately 0.04% to 0.05% increase in yield per 1 ppm increase in CO2 concentration under the RCP8.5 scenario, but the negative impacts of increased temperatures fully outweighed the CO2-fertilization effects. Keywords: Climate change impacts, CO2 effects, Corn yield, Multiple GCMs, Uncertainty.

scholarly journals Maintaining contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with positive mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Pouso ◽  
Angel Borja ◽  
Lora E. Fleming ◽  
Erik Gómez-Baggethun ◽  
Mathew White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts

There is growing evidence that exposure to the natural world (blue-green spaces) has potential benefits for mental health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted to control it provide a natural experiment to investigate the links between nature exposure and mental health under extreme conditions. Using a survey distributed online and based on 6,080 responses, we tested three hypotheses: (1) people will show different levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety depending on the level of lockdown (severity) and ability to maintain contact with outdoor spaces; and (2) where access to outdoor public spaces was restricted, those with access to private outdoor spaces (2a) or even a green-blue nature view (2b) will show fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and a more positive mood. Lockdown severity significantly affected mental health, while contact with nature helped people to cope with these impacts. The buffering effect of nature was especially relevant for those under strict lockdowns. People perceived that nature helped them to cope with lockdown measures; and emotions were more positive among individuals with accessible outdoor spaces and blue-green elements in their views. These findings can help decision-makers in developing potential future lockdown measures to mitigate the negative impacts, helping people to be more resilient and maintain better mental health.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Biochars and Their Uses in Agriculture

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Mylavarapu ◽  
Vimala Nair ◽  
Kelly Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
General Description ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Soil And Water

Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a product derived from organic materials rich in carbon and is found in soils in very stable solid forms, often as deposits. In recent years, considerable research has focused on biochar, its nature, and its properties to explore its potential benefits and negative impacts, particularly for applying to agricultural fields as amendments. This publication provides a general description of biochar, as well as technical details, benefits, and disadvantages of biochar for agricultural and environmental uses. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Vimala Nair, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss585

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document