Summary of SFRP-IRPA Workshops on the Reasonableness in the Practical Implementation of the ALARA Principle

The practical implementation of the principle of optimisation of radiological protection (i.e., ALARA principle) was the subject of two workshops organised in Paris (France) in February 2017 and October 2018 at the initiative of SFRP within the framework of IRPA. The article summarizes the discussions and conclusions of these two workshops. The search for reasonableness was examined in three sectors: nuclear industry, medical practices and existing exposure situations. In all sectors, the optimisation remains a challenge and experience shows that this is implemented through a deliberative process to achieve a reasonable compromise with all informed parties. This issue was further investigated by three working groups − one for each sector – on the basis of cases studies. It emerges that, in complement to the use of classical tools such as cost-benefit analysis, the implementation of the optimisation principle implies a clear identification of the challenges to be met in order to achieve the best protection in the prevailing circumstances. These challenges may be specific to a type of exposure situation and in some cases to a given situation. The process should also well identify the relevant stakeholders and decision-makers to be involved and determine how they will be involved. A proactive process including development of awareness, empowerment and/or training may be needed. This reflexion deserves to be further developed.

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An Overview of Digital Image Processing and Recognition (Invited Paper)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055837 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 700-702

Author(s):

R. C. Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

New York ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Submarine Cable ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Digitized Pictures ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

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P20 phosphor on polyimide as a large area high-resolution transmission screen for slow scan CCD systems

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100136477 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

C. C. Ahn ◽

S. Karnes ◽

M. Lvovsky ◽

C. M. Garland ◽

H. A. Atwater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stability ◽

High Energy ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Line Pair ◽

Modulation Transfer ◽

Large Area ◽

Ccd Imaging ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The One ◽

Beam Broadening

The bane of CCD imaging systems for transmission electron microscopy at intermediate and high voltages has been their relatively poor modulation transfer function (MTF), or line pair resolution. The problem originates primarily with the phosphor screen. On the one hand, screens should be thick so that as many incident electrons as possible are converted to photons, yielding a high detective quantum efficiency(DQE). The MTF diminishes as a function of scintillator thickness however, and to some extent as a function of fluorescence within the scintillator substrates. Fan has noted that the use of a thin layer of phosphor beneath a self supporting 2μ, thick Al substrate might provide the most appropriate compromise for high DQE and MTF in transmission electron microcscopes which operate at higher voltages. Monte Carlo simulations of high energy electron trajectories reveal that only little beam broadening occurs within this thickness of Al film. Consequently, the MTF is limited predominantly by broadening within the thin phosphor underlayer. There are difficulties however, in the practical implementation of this design, associated mostly with the mechanical stability of the Al support film.

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Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

International Journal of Energy Technology ◽

10.32438/ijet.203011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 70-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Molla Asmare ◽

Mustafa Ilbas

Keyword(s):

Electric Power ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Human Society ◽

Energy Access ◽

Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

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Measurements method of the audio recordings acoustic quality indicator prepared for registration and processing in the Unified Biometric System

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2019-12-40-46 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V.V. Savchenko ◽

A.V. Savchenko

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Personal Data ◽

Digital Processing ◽

Small Sample ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Pitch Frequency ◽

Wide Range ◽

Automated Quality Control

We consider the task of automated quality control of sound recordings containing voice samples of individuals. It is shown that in this task the most acute is the small sample size. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the novel method of acoustic measurements based on relative stability of the pitch frequency within a voice sample of short duration. An example of its practical implementation using aninter-periodic accumulation of a speech signal is considered. An experimental study with specially developed software provides statistical estimates of the effectiveness of the proposed method in noisy environments. It is shown that this method rejects the audio recording as unsuitable for a voice biometric identification with a probability of 0,95 or more for a signal to noise ratio below 15 dB. The obtained results are intended for use in the development of new and modifying existing systems of collecting and automated quality control of biometric personal data. The article is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of acoustic measurements and digital processing of speech signals, as well as for practitioners who organize the work of authorized organizations in preparing for registration samples of biometric personal data.

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Method for measuring distortions of a speech signal during its transmission over a communication channel to a biometric identification system

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-11-65-72 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

V. V. Savchenko ◽

A. V. Savchenko

Keyword(s):

Speech Signal ◽

Communication Channel ◽

Speaker Identification ◽

A Priori ◽

Small Samples ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Identification System ◽

New Information ◽

Discrimination Criterion ◽

A Priori Uncertainty

This paper is devoted to the presence of distortions in a speech signal transmitted over a communication channel to a biometric system during voice-based remote identification. We propose to preliminary correct the frequency spectrum of the received signal based on the pre-distortion principle. Taking into account a priori uncertainty, a new information indicator of speech signal distortions and a method for measuring it in conditions of small samples of observations are proposed. An example of fast practical implementation of the method based on a parametric spectral analysis algorithm is considered. Experimental results of our approach are provided for three different versions of communication channel. It is shown that the usage of the proposed method makes it possible to transform the initially distorted speech signal into compliance on the registered voice template by using acceptable information discrimination criterion. It is demonstrated that our approach may be used in existing biometric systems and technologies of speaker identification.

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PERSONIFICATION OF STUDENTS INDEPENDENT WORK ON THE FORMATION OF THE ABILITY TO SOLVE COMPUTATIONAL PROBLEMS ON THE BASIS OF AUTOMATED TRAINING AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

Informatics and Education ◽

10.32517/0234-0453-2018-33-8-26-32 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

N. I. Pak ◽

E. V. Asaulenko

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic System ◽

Educational Process ◽

Box Model ◽

Self Management ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Learning Tools ◽

Theoretical Rationale ◽

E Learning ◽

Independent Work ◽

Selection Of

The relevance of the study under consideration is due to the need to increase the efficiency of students independent work in solving computational problems. A theoretical rationale is proposed and the practical implementation of an automated training and diagnostic system for the formation of skills to solve problems according to the “white box” model is described. The leading idea of the study is the construction of mental schemes for a given topic, which allow to visualize the dynamics of changes in the learner’s level of ability to solve computational problems. The methods of accounting for forgetting educational information and methods of personalized selection of tasks are substantiated. The site for self-management of user independent work is available at the link: http://msbx.ru. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers who use e-learning tools in the educational process.

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THE NATURE OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Scientific and Informational Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law Named after King Danylo Halytskyi - Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi ◽

10.33098/2078-6670.2019.8.20.142-150 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 142-150

Author(s):

Galyna Moroz

Keyword(s):

Environmental Law ◽

Functional Results ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Educational Process ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

The Status ◽

Environmental Requirements ◽

Content System ◽

Legal Restrictions

Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the general theoretical principles and the essential characteristics of legal restrictions in environmental law; defining category of “environmental legal restrictions”, their content, system and the status of the respective legislation. Methodology. The methodology consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of environmental legislation and formulating relevant conclusions on this basis. During the research, the following methods of scientific research were used: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal, structural and functional. Results. The objectively determined necessity of unconditional adherence to the legally established environmental requirements, prohibitions and restrictions as well as their potential scientifically substantiated enhancement in order to achieve environmentally significant goals oriented towards the priorities of sustainable development is substantiated. Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across statutory and regulatory acts of different legal force and even different branches of law, therefore, the need for their systematization and unification as well as generalization of the experience of their practical implementation in order to establish a comprehensive system of environmental restrictions is discussed. In our opinion, the conceptual basis and general essential characteristics of public environmental requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the author defines restrictions in environmental law as a specific sectoral imperative mechanism for regulating relations in the field of environmental safety, which consists in systematically introducing legislation on imperative provisions of environmental law as well as establishing specific legal regimes and mechanisms for their application and implementation. Practical significance. The main conclusions can be used in law-making and law-enforcing activities, as well as in further theoretical and legal research and in the educational process.

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