Influence of Slow Release Non-Protein Nitrogen Compound on Utilization of Poor Quality Roughages and Lactation Performance in Lactating Cows

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ganesh Gadegaonkar ◽  
Sarita Gulavane ◽  
Narendra Karamble
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Cows

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation of Slow Release Non-Protein Nitrogen Compound on the Lactation of Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Gadegaonkar ◽  
M.B. Patil ◽  
S.U. Gulvane ◽  
N.R. Karambele ◽  
S.D. Jagadale
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

A feeding trial to study the effect of slow release non-protein nitrogen compound was conducted for 180 days in twelve early lactating Gir and crossbred cows that were divided into two equal groups viz., T0 (Control) and T1 (treatment). T0 received farm made concentrate mixture and T1 received concentrate mixture containing 1% SRNPN (Slow release non-protein nitrogen compound). The animals in both the groups were fed mixed hay as dry roughage and paragrass as green roughage. Dry matter intake in T0 and T1 was comparable. The average daily milk yield, 4% FCM yield, TDN and DCP intake of cows inT1 was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than T0. The efficiency in terms of DM, TDN and DCP required per kg FCM were significantly (P less than 0.01) better in T1 than T0. The specific gravity, milk protein, solids not fat, total solids and total ash contents of milk were comparable in both the experimental groups, however, the average milk fat percentage in T1 was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than T0. Digestibility coefficients of all the nutrients were higher in SR-NPN supplemented group than SR-NPN non-supplemented feed. Profit realized per day over feed cost per cow was higher in T1 (Rs.108.34) than T0 (Rs. 90.29). It can be inferred that efficient utilization of poor quality roughages, better productivity and higher profit margin can be achieved by inclusion of SR-NPN at 1 percent level in the concentrate mixture of lactating cows.

The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Brahman Steers

The effects of genotype, age and liveweight, pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary feed intake by cattle of roughage diets of different qualities were studied in a number of experiments. The diets ranged from poor quality (low-nitrogen, high-fibre) spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay on which intakes were low ( 1 1 g DM/kg liveweight (LW)) to good quality lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (26 g DM/kg LW). On the poorest-quality diet, differences in intake between Bos taurus and Bos indicus were not significant. However, on the higher quality diets Herefords (Bos taurus) ate significantly (P < 0.05) more than Brahmans (Bos indicus). In addition, as the quality of the diet improved from speargrass through to lucerne, the breed difference in favour of the Herefords became progressively greater and the variability between animals progressively smaller as a proportion of intake. Another study showed that with increasing age and liveweight of steers, intake per unit body weight declined, the rate of decline being significantly (P < 0.05) greater on good-quality lucerne compared to a poor-quality speargrass diet. There was no significant difference between Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman steers in the rate of decline of intake of each diet with increasing age and liveweight of the steers. Another experiment which measured intake of pregnant and lactating heifers showed that the amount of feed eaten by pregnant heifers increased with increasing liveweight in late pregnancy, with intake per unit liveweight remaining constant. Lactating cows ate 35% more on a liveweight basis than their nonpregnant, non-lactating counterparts. These results are discussed in relation to mechanisms which control intake of roughage diets in ruminants, especially those associated with energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Welfare of Cows in Indian Shelters

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma ◽  
Kennedy ◽  
Schuetze ◽  
Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
And Behavior

Cow shelters (gaushalas) are unique traditional institutions in India, where aged, infertile, diseased, rescued, and abandoned cows are sheltered for the rest of their life, until they die of natural causes. These institutions owe their existence to the reverence for the cow as a holy mother goddess for Hindus, the majority religion in India. There is a religious and legal prohibition on cow slaughter in most Indian states. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the welfare of cows in these shelters, which included the development of a welfare assessment protocol, based on direct animal-based measurements, indirect resource-based assessments, and description of the herd characteristics by the manager. A total of 54 cow shelters in 6 states of India were studied and 1620 animals were clinically examined, based on 37 health, welfare, and behavior parameters. Thirty resources provided to the animals, including housing, flooring, feeding, watering, ease of movement, cleanliness of facilities, lighting, temperature, humidity, and noise levels in the sheds were measured. The study showed that the shelters contained mostly non-lactating cows, with a mean age of 11 years. The primary welfare problems appeared to be different to those in Western countries, as the major issues found in the shelters were facility-related—the low space allowance per cow, poor quality of the floors, little freedom of movement, and a lack of pasture grazing. Very few cows were recorded as lame, but about one half had carpal joint hair loss and swelling, and slightly less had lesions from interacting with shelter furniture. Some shelters also had compromised biosecurity and risks of zoonosis. These issues need to be addressed to aid in ensuring the acceptability of these institutions to the public. This welfare assessment protocol aims to address the welfare issues and problems in the shelters, by providing feedback for improvement to the stakeholders.

scholarly journals The effect of patterns of rumen fermentation on the response by dairy cows to dietary protein concentration

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lees ◽  
J. D. Oldham ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
P. C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Protein Supply

Four groups of seven dairy cows were given hay plus high-fibre concentrates based on sugar-beet feed (hay-concentrate, 40:60 w/w) or high-starch concentrates based on flaked maize (hay-concentrate, 20:80 w/w), with a crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) content of either 160 or 220 g/kg dry matter, over weeks 4–18 of lactation. Performance during week 3 of lactation, when all cows were fed on a standard ration, was used as a covariate. For diets with a high-fibre content, higher protein concentrations led to increases in yields of milk and milk fat, with no effect on live-weight loss. For diets with a high-starch content, higher protein concentrations did not affect milk yield or composition but resulted in an increase in live weight rather than a decrease. Diets with a high-starch content led to increased proportions of propionic acid in the rumen and increased concentrations of insulin in the blood. It is concluded that the source of carbohydrate needs to be taken into account when predicting the response to protein supply by dairy cows.

scholarly journals Slow Release Metformin Effect in Weight Loss and Total Calorie Intake in Obese Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Cholis Abrori ◽  
Lucky Tiya ◽  
Deti Rosalina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
Alternative Drug

Obesity can cause serious problems that will lead to poor quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality rate. Slow-release metformin will work longer in the body with a single dose everyday be an alternative drug for weight loss. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of slow-release metformin compared to metformin regular to body weight and calorie intake in volunteers with obesity. The study was conducted on 16 volunteers who were divided into two groups in pairs. Volunteers will be measured weight and calorie intake with a 24-hour food recall method, data was taken at the time before the intervention, the end of week 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th. The result obtained weight loss better in the group receiving slow-release metformin by 5.08% compared to the group receiving regular metformin by 2,60%, but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of calorie intake during the study. The conclusion of this study is a slow-release metformin is greater in weight loss than regular metformin, but does not affect the amount of calorie intake.Keywords: Metformin, slow-release, weight loss, calorie intake, obesity

Efficiency of Utilization of Tropical Grass Pastures by Lactating Cows with and Without Supplement

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-222
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
H. Cestero ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
J. D. Rivera-Anaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Tropical Grass

Records of milk yield, fat percent, body weight, reproduction and health of 506 calvings of 362 cows were used for estimating the efficiency of utilization of tropical grass pastures by lactating cows fed on grazing alone or grazing with various types of supplement. There were seven feeding systems: grazing alone (T1); grazing plus supplement with ground maize (T2); with molasses (T3); with concentrate (T5); or with urea-molasses (T6), at the rate of 1.0 kg per 2.0 kg milk in excess of 10 kg of milk per day and of 2.5 cows per ha; or grazing plus concentrate feeding of 1.0 kg per 2.0 kg milk irrespective of milk yield at a stocking rate either of 2.5 cows (T4) or 5-0 cows (T7) per ha. All supplement systems had significantly higher yields of milk, fat and fat-corrected milk than grazing alone. Level of fat percent paralleled dependence on intake of forage. Supplement also extended days in milk. System of feeding was significant for body weight gain, time to reach peak milk yield, the level of peak yield, persistency of milk yield, days open, time from first breeding to conception, and calving interval. High levels of supplement (T4, T7) increased weight gains, time to reach peak yield, and persistency, but lowered breeding efficiency. On medium levels (T3, T5, T6), the efficiency (Meal/kg dry matter) of utilization of supplement for milk production was satisfactory, but unsatisfactory on high supplement levels (T4, T7). Supplements as high or higher than those in the grass treatments supplemented with non-protein nitrogen (urea-molasses) or crude protein (concentrate) gave a more efficient utilization than either maize or molasses. During the first 150 days of lactation, cows on grazing alone averaged 14.3 kg pasture grass dry matter intake per day, or 2.9% of body weight. Cows on low supplement (T2, T3, T5, T6) averaged 24 to 29% less; and cows on high supplement, nearly 60% less intake. Type of supplement had little influence on pasture grass dry matter (PGDM) intake. When the genetic potential for milk yield of cows exceeds 3,000 kg, supplementary feeding appears economically feasible. Even under the high levels of nitrogen fertilization employed, there was a rise in average milk yield with intakes of protein from the supplementary feed. Supplementary feeding with tropical grass pastures caused a high rate of substitution; hence, the efficiency of use of PGDM is lowered unless stocking rate is carefully adjusted.

Effect of Supplementing Slow Release Nitrogen Product on the Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
N. Veena ◽  
K.C. Singh ◽  
T.M. Prabhu ◽  
R.G. Gloridoss ◽  
Y.B. Rajeshwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Lactation Performance

Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin and A. F. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

Kura clover is a perennial rhizomatous forage legume mainly used for grazing in permanent pastures. A study was conducted to determine the ensiling potential of Kura clover by comparing the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forage of two cultivars (Cossack and Endura). Ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling forages in mini-silos for 50 d. Ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forages were determined by the nylon bag technique using two lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Results showed that silages of both cultivars were well preserved as indicated by low pH and high lactic acid concentration. Cultivar had little effect on the chemical composition of Kura clover silage. However, ensiling increased (P < 0.05) soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and reduced (P < 0.05) neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein fractions. Ensiling increased NPN and reduced true protein by 87 and 29%, respectively. Results of the in situ study indicated that cultivar had no effect on effective ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), an d neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Relative to fresh forage, ensiled Kura clover had similar effective ruminal degradability of DM (712 g kg-1 of DM) and NDF (417 g kg-1 of NDF) but a higher (P < 0.05) effective ruminal degradability of CP (806 vs. 725 g kg-1 of CP). It was concluded that Kura clover may be preserved as silage with minimal alterations in forage quality. These findings will increase the acceptability of Kura clover by widening possible utilizations. Key words: Forage quality, Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), protein fractions, ruminal degradability, silage

scholarly journals Use of condensed molasses fermentation solubles as an alternative source of concentrates in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Jian Ma ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Xue Fan ◽  
Ali Mujtaba Shah ◽  
Jiang Mao
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Lactating Cows

Objective: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows.Methods: A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water <i>ad libitum</i>. The experiment lasted for 60 days.Results: Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60.Conclusion: Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows’ diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.

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