Use of condensed molasses fermentation solubles as an alternative source of concentrates in dairy cows

Objective: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows.Methods: A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water <i>ad libitum</i>. The experiment lasted for 60 days.Results: Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60.Conclusion: Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows’ diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.

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Ruminal Ecology, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Glycerin-Based Diet: A Comparison Study on Chitosan Sources Supplementation

10.20944/preprints202011.0674.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Different Sources

The study compared the influence of chitosan sources on rumen fermentation, methane emission and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a glycerin-based diet. Six, lactating Holstein-Frisian crossbreeds (410 ± 5.0 kg BW, 120 ± 21 day-in-milk), were arranged in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. In addition to control, a 2% chitosan extract supplement and a 2% commercial chitosan supplement of dry matter intake were the treatments. The results denoted that no significant differences on daily dry matter, nutrients or estimated energy intake were noted when cows received different sources of chitosan. Nutrient digestibility was not influenced differently by extraction based or commercial chitosan supplements. The pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, blood urea and microbial count were similar among treatments. The different sources of chitosan supplements did not change the totals of volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate; in contrast, different chitosan sources influenced (P<0.05) propionate content. The ruminal acetate to propionate ratio was markedly (P<0.05) reduced with chitosan supplement, but no change appeared between sources of chitosan. At 4 hours after feeding, the methane estimation signiﬁcantly decreased with the addition of chitosan supplementation (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were not altered by the treatments. No significant differences existed on milk yield, milk composition or milk urea nitrogen when cows received different sources of chitosan (P>0.05). In sum, supplementing extracted chitosan showed more potential than did commercial chitosan for enhancing economic efficiency and recycling shrimp residues, therefore, reducing environmental waste.

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Betaine Supplementation Improves the Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Antioxidant Profile of Dairy Cows in Heat Stress

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 634

Author(s):

Ali Mujtaba Shah ◽

Jian Ma ◽

Zhisheng Wang ◽

Huawei Zou ◽

Rui Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Lactating Cows

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of betaine (Bet) supplementation on the production performance, rumen fermentation, digestibility, and serum indexes of dairy cows. Thirty healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 22 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly selected and divided into three groups. One group served as a control group (CON; no betaine); the other two groups were Bet1 (15 g/d per cow) and Bet2 (30 g/d per cow). All cows were fed regularly three times a day at 06:00, 14:00, and 22:00 h. Cows received the formulate diet, and water was provided ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 60 days during the summer season. Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk protein, and fat of Bet1 cows was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in other groups. The content of volatile fatty acid (VFA) in Bet1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than CON. Consistent with VFA, a similar trend was found in acetate, while propionate exhibited an opposite trend. Compared to other groups, the microbial protein (MCP) concentrations of Bet1 increased (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Bet1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than CON. The serum concentration of total antioxygenic capacity (T-AOC) in Bet1 and Bet2 was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Bet2 were higher (p < 0.05) than that in other groups. Compared to CON and Bet2, Bet1 significantly increased (p < 0.05) the serum concentrations of glucose. Therefore, it is practicable to feed betaine to lactating cows to improve their performance in heat stress.

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Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.801418 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yizhe Cui ◽

Zhuorui Shan ◽

Lintong Hou ◽

Qiuju Wang ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dose Group ◽

Production Performance ◽

High Dose Group ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

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Effects of Dietary Alkyl Polyglycoside Supplementation on Lactation Performance, Blood Parameters and Nutrient Digestibility in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9080549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Xiaoli Zhang ◽

Chunyu Jiang ◽

Qinghua Gao ◽

Duanqin Wu ◽

Shaoxun Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Alkyl Polyglycoside

This study evaluated the effects of alkyl polyglycoside (APG), which is a non-ionic surfactant, on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in dairy cows. Twenty dairy cows were randomly divided into four groups and fed a basal diet that included pelleted concentrate, distillers grains, and fresh limpograss. The four treatments included 0, 5.5, 11 and 22 mL APG per kg of pelleted concentrate on a dry matter basis; treatments were defined as APG0, APG5.5, APG11, and APG22, respectively. Dry matter intake was not affected by APG supplementation. There was an increase in milk yield (from 13.96 to 16.71 kg/day) and increases in milk fat (quadratic, p = 0.04), protein (quadratic, p = 0.10), and lactose concentrations (linear, p = 0.07) with increasing APG supplementation. In addition, APG supplementation increased (p ≤ 0.03) the milk fat, protein, solid non-fat, and total solid yields, while the lactose yield increased (linear, p = 0.01) as the APG level increased. Dietary APG supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites. It was concluded that the addition of APG at doses up to 22 mL/kg of pelleted concentrate had positive effects on the milk composition in dairy cows.

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A new cactus variety for dairy cows in areas infested with Dactylopius opuntiae

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. C. F. Monteiro ◽

M. A. Ferreira ◽

A. S. C. Véras ◽

S. I. Guido ◽

M. P. Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Lactating Cows

Spineless cactus is an important part of dairy cow diet in the semiarid Brazilia. Severe infestation of cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell) destroyed a vast area of the most common species of cactus planted in the region; Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. resistant varieties with superior agronomic performance were recently selected, but they still need to be tested with dairy cows. We evaluated the use of a resistant variety, ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM, Opuntia spp.), in dairy cow diet. We tested its effect on intake, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein, blood parameters and performance of lactating cows. Ten cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day were assigned to an experiment using a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. The experimental diets consisted of five replacement levels of Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cv. (‘Miúda’) by ‘OEM’ (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on a dry-matter (DM) basis) and were formulated considering the ingredient composition. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 70:30 on a DM basis. The replacement of ‘Miúda’ by OEM did not change the intake (kg/day) of DM (18.0), organic matter (16.3), crude protein (CP, 2.8), total digestible nutrients (11.6), non-fibre carbohydrates (7.6) and neutral detergent fibre (5.7), or the apparent digestibility (g/kg) of DM (655), organic matter (694), CP (739) and non-fibre carbohydrates (950), whereas apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre increased linearly. Microbial protein production (1.5 g/day), microbial protein efficiency (129.2 g CP/kg total digestible nutrients), plasma urea nitrogen (21.4 mg/dL), nitrogen balance (123 g/day), feed efficiency (1.1), nitrogen efficiency (0.2), milk production (20.0 kg/day), fat-corrected milk production (20.1 kg/day) and milk composition were not influenced by the replacement. Therefore, we recommend the use of OEM in the diet of lactating cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day.

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The effect of asynchronous diets on the function of the rumen in the lactating dairy cow

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596719 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 19-19

Author(s):

A.R. Henderson ◽

P.C. Garnsworthy ◽

J.R. Newbold ◽

P.J. Buttery

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Production Performance ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Nutrient Flows ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Overall Efficiency ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Sinclair et al. (1993) found that a diet formulated to be synchronous with regard to hourly release of nitrogen and energy increased microbial protein synthesis by 14% in sheep. Dairy cows in early lactation experience a shortfall of energy and protein, with available protein determining the overall efficiency of metabolism (MacRae and Lobley, 1986) and subsequent milk production. It is therefore necessary to maximise microbial protein yield during this period. In this study diets were designed for lactating dairy cows to contain the same feed ingredients, but to release nitrogen and energy in the rumen at different times. Rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient flows to the small intestine and production performance were investigated.

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Replacement of raw soybean with roasted soybean increased milk production in Holstein cows

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽

Vítor Augusto Silveira ◽

Ivan Júnior Ascari ◽

Renata Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira ◽

Marina de Arruda Camargo Danés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Improved Performance

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total replacement of raw whole soybean (RAW) for roastedwhole soybean (ROS) on the production performance of Holstein cows. Two experiments were carried out usinga simple reversal design where RAW has been completely replaced by ROS. In experiment 1, 22 cows (175±60 days in milk)were used, and the dietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 3.7% of dry matter (DM). In experiment 2, 16 cows (130±50 days in milk)were used, and thedietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 11% of DM. In both experiments, ROS increased milk production by 1.1kgday-1 without changing fat and protein production. Dry matter intake or milk urea nitrogenwere not affected by dietary soy source. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentration was decreased, and allantoin/creatinine ratio in urine tended to decreasein ROS. Experiment 2 also evaluated the nutrient digestibility and ruminal degradation kinetics of crude protein in two soybean sources. Roasting had no effect on the digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber. Roasted whole soybean hadgreater fraction B and lower protein degradation rate than did RAW; this showed that heat treatment was effective in increasing therumen undegradable amino acid flowto the animal, which suggesteda potential mechanism of action for improved performance observed in ROS.

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Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3122

Author(s):

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Bae-Hun Lee ◽

Ji-Yung Kim ◽

Kyung-Il Sung ◽

Hong-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

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The role of rhaponticum carthamoides in feeding of dairy cows

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2019-5-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

V. A. Voloshin ◽

D. A. Matolinets ◽

N. A. Morozkov ◽

G. P. Maysak

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Sugar Content ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolic Processes ◽

Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽

Experimental Group

The results of studies of the use of rhaponticum carthamoides for feeding dairy cows are presented. The experiment was carried out on Holstein cows of black-and-white breed in Perm Territory. Vitaminherbal fl our from green mass of rhaponticum carthamoides at a dose of 0.4 and 1.0 kg per head per day in the period of 10-16 days before calving and in the fi rst 30 days of lactation was introduced into the feeding rations of two experimental groups of cows. High sugar content in rhaponticum carthamoides (from 4.15 to 11.2% in dry matter and metabolic energy from 10.87 to 12.12 MJ/ kg) was noted. In the studied material from this plant, the content of the 20-hydroxyecdysone was 0.49% of active ingredients in the dry matter of the product at a rate of 0.25%. The introduction of rhaponticum carthamoides in the diet of feeding animals contributed to the increase in the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. A gradual increase in cholesterol levels in all experimental groups was noted. The most signifi cant growth was observed in cows of the second experimental group by 0.82 mmol / l or 29.50% (p <0.01). Compared with the fi rst experimental group, the increase was 0.13 mmol / l or 5.2%, and the control group – 0.36 mmol / l or 14.17%. Stimulation of metabolic processes in the body of cows of the experimental groups had a positive impact on reproduction, which was manifested in the reduction of the service period duration, compared with the control group.

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Meeting the physiological requirements for energy and nutrients to manifest the genetic potential of dairy cattle

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 941 (1) ◽

pp. 012036

Author(s):

S V Moshkina ◽

A S Kharitonova ◽

S N Khimicheva ◽

T Yu Kolganova ◽

T V Smagina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Feed Supplement ◽

Dry Period ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Economic Experiment ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Research Period

Abstract The paper presents the results of the scientific and economic experiment for the evaluation of the influence of the energy supplement included in the diet of lactating cows of the Brown Swiss breed. During the research period, all animals were kept in the same conditions, corresponding to zootechnical standards. They were divided into two groups differentiated only by the feed ration. The cows of the first (control) group were given rations typical for the farm corresponding to the feeding norms of dry and lactating cows. For the cows of the second group in the dry period (14 days before calving) the feeding ration was changed with a change in structure towards an increase in the proportion of concentrated feed, and immediately after calving, they received an energy feed supplement to maintain the physiological status of dairy cows after calving. Only clinically healthy animals participated in the experiment. It was revealed that the inclusion of the energy feed supplement in the diet of lactating cows in the experimental groups during lactation led to an increase in the productivity of livestock as compared with those in the control group.

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