scholarly journals NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY: PHENOMENOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS, CLASSIFICATIONPHENOMENOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS, CLASSIFICATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Л. Катков
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Special Training ◽  
Factors Influencing

В статье приводятся сведения о негативных эффектах, отмечающихся в процессе психотерапевтического взаимодействия. Рассматриваются традиционные представления о причинах развития негативных по следствий психотерапии. Обосновывается авторская точка зрения на причины и факторы, влияющие на динамику появления и развития негативных эффектов. Подробно описывается систематика и классификация нежелательных проявлений психотерапевтического процесса. Обс уждаются принципы эффективной профилактики и коррекции осложнений психотерапии. Делаются выводы о необходимости специальной подготовки специалистов психотерапевтов в данной сфере. The article provides information about the negative effects observed in the process of psychotherapeutic interaction. The article deals with traditional ideas about the reasons for the development of negative conseinteraction. The article deals with traditional ideas about the reasons for the development of negative consequences of quences of psychotherapy. The author's point of view on the causes and factors influencing the dynamics of the appearance and developmenpsychotherapy. The author's point of view on the causes and factors influencing the dynamics of the appearance and development of t of negative effects is substantiated. The systematics and classification of undesirable manifestations of the psychothnegative effects is substantiated. The systematics and classification of undesirable manifestations of the psychotherapeutic process erapeutic process are described in detail. The principles of effective prevention and correction of complications of psychotherapy are discusseare described in detail. The principles of effective prevention and correction of complications of psychotherapy are discussed. d. Conclusions are made about the need for special training of psychotherapists in this area. Conclusions are made about the need for special training of psychotherapists in this area.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production and sales of cars in the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Inna Shevchenko ◽  
Illia Dmytriiev ◽  
Oksana Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

scholarly journals Less Salt, Same Taste: Food Marketing Strategies via Healthier Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Raffaele Campo ◽  
Pierfelice Rosato ◽  
Davide Giagnacovo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Empirical Point

Given the negative effects deriving from the overconsumption of sodium chloride (salt), this paper aims to verify whether food companies can provide their products in a healthier version, without modifying their organoleptic characteristics, specifically studying how it is possible to reduce salt in food without affecting taste. From an empirical point of view, a sensorial analysis was organized. A panel of volunteers were invited to taste some samples of pizza crust which had been prepared using different quantities of salt. Each individual assessed the amount of salt they perceived on a graduated scale. These samples were prepared by reducing the amount of salt by 7%, 10%, 16%, 23%, 30%, and 53%, respectively. The reference point used was the average content of sodium chloride in five popular brands of pizza dough in Italy. Panelists’ evaluations revealed that a 10% reduction in sodium chloride was imperceptible from the point of view of taste. Considering the negative consequences deriving from salt overconsumption, this study shows how food companies can contribute to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals by investing more attention in public health.

scholarly journals Greenwashing: the essence of the definition and classification of varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Mariana NAHIRNA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Classification Of Varieties ◽  
Number Of Authors

Introduction. Today, the problem of environmental pollution is pronounced, which is of growing concern to the public every year. Society seeks to preserve nature, natural resources and valuable species of animals and plants in order to ensure the protection of the environment. Given the public concern about the preservation of the environment, there is a focus of modern enterprises to address this problem in order to form a positive image of companies. However, it is not always possible for companies to achieve positive environmental performance, which encourages them to use greenwashing methods as a way to influence on consumers by disguising the company as an defender of environment to meet their own needs. Of course, greenwashing has a number of negative effects due to misleading consumers, using unfair competition and damage of the environment, which causes concern to scientists and societies on these issues and gives relevance to the research theme. Purpose. Despite the negative aspects of greenwashing, there is a need for research and development of the conceptual and categorical tools of this question. Also in the analysis of the approaches of a number of domestic and foreign authors to the interpretation of the essence of the term of “greenwashing” and the generalization of such interpretation and in singling out the classification of varieties of greenwashing. Results. As a result of research, the views of a number of authors on the essence of term “greenwashing” are presented and a generalization of this definition is made. The negative consequences of the use of greenwashing in some literature sources are also analyzed. Also, the varieties of greenwashing are systematized according to a number of essential features. Conclusions. Given the relevance of the theme and the negative signs of greenwashing, this concept requires further study and research.

scholarly journals Violence in the Family as a Social Threat to Public Safety and Order

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Monika Wilanowska
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
The Impact

Violence in the family should be considered as one of the biggest social problems in Poland. It occurs not only in families commonly regarded as pathological. Therefore, it should not be associated only with poverty or alcoholism or other addictions present in the family. Violence in the family exists also in affluent and seemingly happy families. The effects of this phenomenon cause many negative consequences not only for the members of the perpetrator's family, but also for society and, more broadly, the entire state organisation. This problem requires decisive action on the part of the state and certainly should not be underestimated. The aim of this article is to analyze selected legal regulations concerning the prevention of domestic violence and other issues essential from the point of view of the impact of issues essential from the point of view of the impact of domestic violence on the safety of individuals who experience it, as well as the general public. Therefore, the following will be analyzed: the relation between the use of violence in the family and violation of specific criminal law norms functioning in the Polish legal system, negative effects in the area of health of persons experiencing violence in the family, the scale of violence in the family in Poland and the difficulties connected with its precise determination and evaluation of this phenomenon by the Polish society.

scholarly journals Rural Sanctuaries as ‘Smart Destinations’ – Sustainability Concerns (Mazovia Region, Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka ◽  
Karolina Gołębieska ◽  
Natalia Łukasik ◽  
Anna Ostrowska – Tryzno ◽  
Karolina Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Rural Sites

Abstract The general objective of this paper is to present and discuss the factors that need to be taken into account to ensure that the development and management of religious tourism at rural sites was sustainable from an economic, environmental and socio-cultural point of view. Among other issues, sustainable religious tourism means accessibility to the sanctuaries, protection of cultural and heritage values of the local community, benefits for the local residents and meaningful experience for visitors. Authors were especially interested in the less popular, more remotely located holy sites in Mazovia Region (Poland) and two concerns: readiness to respond the needs of persons with different disabilities and local community opinion on tourists. As was documented by our research outcomes despite the recent numerous improvements, the most popular rural sanctuaries in Mazovia Region, remain only partially accessible for persons with disabilities. As masses of pilgrims have a significant effect on wellbeing and everyday life quality of residents (contributing both to positive and to negative effects), those who accept that tourists are important for economic development, benefit from it, creating ‘smart host area’. These rural communities which are not knowledgeable about positive impacts – see only negative consequences.

scholarly journals The essence of legal components of economic risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
S. V. Yevdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Legal Risks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Risks

This research is one of the first attempts in the Ukrainian legal science in determining the essence and features of legal components of economic risks taking into account the latest achievements of science. It has been emphasized that theoretical basis for determining the concept of “risk” is widely researched in the scientific literature, but the problem of legal components of the economic risks has been insufficiently highlighted. The concept of “legal components of economic risks” has been defined; factors that actualized the problem of risks in Ukraine have been considered; and the features of the classification of economic risks according to legal components have been established. It has been noted that the negative consequences of economic risks are unforeseen losses. From the point of view of legal risks, such consequences should be defined as losses (according to the Civil Code of Ukraine) or as the amount of caused damages (according to the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Administrative liability is also established depending on the amount of caused damage for different types of activities. According to the author, the essence of legal components of economic risks is to determine the criteria for the delimitation of lawful and unlawful economic risk, the possibility of using the levers of legal influence in this regard, namely the establishment of the basis for a person’s liability for damage caused by a risky act. Legal components contain possible options of overcoming the consequences of risk situations, establish the threshold for criminal liability and punishment for economic crimes, depending on the caused damage. On the basis of the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and generalization of the main provisions of the works of scholars, the author has made theoretical synthesis and has found a new solution to the scientific problem – the definition of the essence and features of legal components of economic risks related to liability in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine in order to overcome the consequences of risk situations for different types of activities depending on the amount of caused damage.

scholarly journals Theoretical essence of risks, hazards and threats in the context of enterprise economic safety provision

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Anna Tkachuk ◽  
Andriy Dankevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Theoretical Generalization

Subject, purpose of work. In the article it was conducted a theoretical generalization of the essence of concepts such as: risk, danger and threat of economic activity, as well as it was revealed their nature and interconnection was established. It is proved the possibility of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise on the basis of realization of the essence of risks, dangers and threats of enterprise economic activity. Method or methodology of work. In the course of the research there were used the following general scientific and specific methods and techniques of cognition such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and scientific abstraction. The result of work. It has been established that the competitive environment hides some uncertainty, which requires the enterprise to make economic decisions. Each economic decision, in its turn, is likely to endanger the risks which can lead to dangerous situations in the absence of influence on them. The risk may be justified, which ultimately gives the company new opportunities for development, and may be unjustifiable, which will contain a number of hazards that can threaten the enterprise. Thus, the provision of economic security is seen to mitigate the negative effects of factors that directly or indirectly influence the adoption of risky decisions in order to prevent the threats of the enterprise. Therefore, the threat is a form of danger that arises as a result of a risky economic decision. The approaches to the classification of threats of enterprise activity are summarized, which give an expanded view of the causes of their occurrence and management tools in order to avoid or mitigate negative consequences. The field of results application. The obtained results can be applied at formation, maintenance and increase of economic safety of the enterprise. Conclusions. The combination of approaches to understanding the essence of risks, threats and dangers underline once again the lack of consensus on the nature of these concepts. However, despite this fact, the following can be noted: the presence of risks, threats and dangers compels the enterprise to develop, learn, refine and sharpen its protective mechanisms in order to minimize the influence of these factors on economic activity. Classification of threats enables to identify the tools for managing them in the process of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Zaginięcie przedsiębiorcy a działalność przedsiębiorstwa — zarys problemu

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Will

This article provides an outline of the analysis of problems caused by the disappear-ance of an entrepreneur in the context of his business. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the previously overlooked aspect of the disappearance of a natural person conducting business activities. The disappearance of an entrepreneur raises a number of separate problems not only in the personal sphere, but above all in the property sphere of the entrepreneur, his employees, contractors, or clients. The author of this article has analyzed the legal consequences of an entrepreneur’s disappearance in the context of his business. Then he identified the legal institutions im-plemented by the legislator, which can be used to avoid, or at least mitigate the negative effects of the said disappearance, and made their practical analysis in relation to the case of disappearance of an entrepreneur actively conducting business activities. This analysis was the basis for proposing a comprehensive solution through the joint use of several legal institutions operating in the legal regime to obtain the most effective protection of business participants in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur. Finally, he as-sessed the functioning legal institutions and proposed in which direction the legislator’s further actions should be taken to regulate the increasingly important problem of the disappearance of a participant of business trading. The aforementioned analysis led the author to the conclusion that the disappearance does not cause the entrepreneur’s non-existence to be recognized, and thus has virtually no legal effect on the property of the enterprise. In view of the above, despite the fact that the missing entrepreneur does not actually run the enterprise, during his unavoidable absence, his liabilities become chargeable, in particular property liabilities, in the public and private sphere, which may lead to the squandering of his assets, and at the same time to the violation of the interests of third parties related to the process of doing business. While the application of several legal institutions may limit the harmful effects of an entrepreneur’s disappearance on his property sphere and third parties, including those involved in business transactions, the legal solutions possible to apply in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing should be evaluated negatively. In particular, none of them alone fully solves the problem of securing an enterprise in the event of disappearance, and most solutions are simply unreal in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing. In practical terms, highlighting the problem of an entrepreneur’s disappearance from the point of view of its legal effects and the possibility of removing its negative consequences will increase its rank in the assessment of search institutions and may con-tribute to the development of new solutions. It should be postulated that regardless of the analyzed solutions, the legislator plans and introduces mechanisms independent of the will of a missing entrepreneur, which would be applicable in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur by law, and allow immediate protection of his assets during his search. The above would make it pos-sible to respond to the growing needs of society in this respect.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

LEGAL, MORAL AND ETHICAL SIDE OF THE OFFENSE, DISCREDITING HONOR EMPLOYEE THE PENAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
OKSANA KOCHKINA ◽  
◽  
OLGA MARCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Correction System

The article examines the legal and moral and ethical aspects of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system. The considered reason for dismissal has the main feature associated with the integration of legal and moral norms, which often raises a lot of questions about the attribution of a particular offense to this basis. Using the analysis of normative legal acts, the authors attempt to identify the signs that contribute to the separation of the studied grounds for dismissal from all their diversity. The classification of offenses that discredit the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system is presented, which allows to systematize and organize the knowledge obtained about the considered grounds for dismissal. The analysis of a misdemeanor that defames the honor of an employee of the penal system from a moral and ethical position gives an understanding, first of all, that it does not have a clear regulation from the point of view of the law, but the consequences of committing such a misdemeanor are clearly legal. The concepts of “honor” and “dignity” are considered as ethical categories and are analyzed as personal qualities that are manifested in an employee of the penal correction system during the period of service. These categories in the behavior of a person or employee are manifested both externally (assessment from the outside) and internally (self-assessment). The article describes the value orientation of an employee of the criminal Executive system to ethical standards in professional activity, which is an integral part of the moral and ethical side of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee.

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