scholarly journals A Functional Study of zhi 之 in the Chinese Nominal Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Manliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Character ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past decades, subjects concerned with the Chinese character “zhi之”, i.e. grammatical structure, in ancient Chinese language, have been widely explored. This paper conducts a research from a new dimension: the Cardiff Grammar, an integral part of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) which is famous for its “problem-oriented theory”. In order to shed light on the semantics and syntactic functions of “zhi之” in the Chinese nominal group, this study examines five distinctive nominal groups involving “zhi之” with elaborate tree diagrams which are presented in each of the following sections. Through the contrastive study, we find that the Chinese character “zhi之” has some various functions in different situations: as genitive element (g), as modifier trigger (mtr), as selector (v), as qualifier introducer (qint) and as deictic determiner (dd).

scholarly journals A Contrastive Study of Word Sequence of English and Chinese Nominal Groups: A Systemic Functional Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Guichao Zhang ◽  
Manliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Functional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
General Description ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Word Sequence ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Shed Light

Nominal group is always a heating study object for linguists. There are many scholars who have shed light on this field. However, among the current studies, most of them are just confined into the language of English. The contrastive study of nominal groups in English and Chinese, especially the study of the word sequence of modifiers, is rarely to be found. This paper, adopting a systemic functional approach, mainly conducted under the guidance of Halliday’s interpretation of nominal groups from the experiential point of view, attempts to make a contrastive study of the similarities and differences between Chinese and English nominal groups with respect to the word sequence of their modifiers. On the one hand, this paper is a tentative study of word sequence of the modifiers both in Chinese nominal groups and English nominal groups, aiming to make a general description of them; on the other hand, through the contrast, we are trying to enable the readers to have a better understanding of the mechanism of the modifiers in nominal groups in both languages.

scholarly journals A Functional Study of Lexical Conversion within Modern Chinese Nominal Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Manliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Syntactic Function

The phenomenon of lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group is often presented in ancient Chinese grammar. For many years, there have been earnest discussions in China about how we can better study the Chinese nominal group from alternative dimensions, e.g. cognition, pragmatics, multi-category words, word-class shift as well as functional perspective, but few pay attention to the lexical conversion from perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). As the SFL itself is “a problem-oriented theory” (Huang, 2006), to apply this theory to explain some certain language phenomena merits serious consideration. This paper is based on the Cardiff Grammar, an important model of SFL and the purpose is to explore the semantic and syntactic function in lexical conversion within modern Chinese nominal group. Through the contrastive study in light of the Cardiff Grammar, the Chinese nominal group can be functionally used as a Main Verb, a Main Verb Extension (MEx) and a prepositional group (pgp).

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE CHINESE SCRIPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Jin Xiaolei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Radical Structure

This paper introduces the nature of the Chinese script, with the focus on its origin and development, the main four kinds of creation methods, the basic strokes of Chinese characters and the significance of its radical structure. The author believes that Chinese characters are the carriers of the script, phoneme and meaning as well as of the grammatical structure of the Chinese language. Hence, the Latin alphabet for the Chinese phonetic system cannot replace Chinese character, and learning Chinese character is very important for foreign learners. Finally, the author gives a mnemonic of the basic rules for stroke order that facilitates learners' memory and helps them write characters correctly and quickly.

scholarly journals ANALISIS STRUKTUR EKSPERIENSIAL PADA TERJEMAHAN UNSUR POST-MODIFIER DALAM KELOMPOK NOMINA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN DALAM BUKU TO BEE OR NOT TO BEE KARYA JOHN PENBERTHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Yulita Rusli Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Collecting Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Show

This research aims to determine the forms of post-modifier on nominal group, the use of translation technique, and the impact of the translation technique to the translation quality in the book To Bee or Not to Bee. The elements have their roles and functions experientially. In order to get the aspect of readability of the nominal group, the translator must have understanding of how the nominal group is formed based on the experiential structure. This research uses descriptive and qualitative based on Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. The data collecting techniques used in this research are criterion- based sampling and document analysis by using document analysis, questionnaire and interview in order to obtain the data by giving some questions to the informants. The results of this research show that there are 536 used in this research which consist of non-finite clauses such as relative clauses, participle clauses (past and present) and to-infinitive. The results show there are 124 data (59,61 %) unchanged, 78 data (37,50%) shifting and 6 data (2,89 %) untranslated. Adjective phrases consist of 54 data (10,08 %) with 39 data (72,22 %) unchanged, 14 data (25,93 %) shifting and 1 data (1,85 %) untranslated. Preposition phrases consist of 274 data (51,11 %) with 143 data (52,19 %) unchanged, 97 data (35,41 %) shifting and 34 data (12,40 %) untranslated. The applications of the translation techniques used in this research are single techniques, double techniques, and triple techniques. They have impacts to the translation quality especially in the forms of post-modifier in the nominal groups.

scholarly journals Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Independent Element ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Finite Clause ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The paper titled Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’ investigated types of qualifiers which are embedded to the head ‘someone’ in a nominal group. This research was conducted in the light of Systemic Functional Linguistics analysis. The data was analyzed, classified then described using descriptive qualitative method. This research produced four classifications of nominal group as qualifier, which were clauses, prepositional phrases, nominal groups, and linked independent element. The clause as qualifier is sub-classified into finite and non-finite clauses. Further sub-classification is conducted over finite clause into Full Relative Clause (FRC), Relative Clause with Preposition (RCP), and Contact Clause (CC). Further sub-classification over non-finite clause resulted in Operative Imperfective Non Finite Clause (OINFC), Receptive Imperfective Non Finite Clause (RINFC), and Operative Perfective Non Finite Clause (OPNFC). This research also found qualifiers which consisted of two or more linked non-embedding elements.

Reputation and Gossip in Game Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Charles Roddie
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Shed Light

When interacting with others, it is often important for you to know what they have done in similar situations in the past: to know their reputation. One reason is that their past behavior may be a guide to their future behavior. A second reason is that their past behavior may have qualified them for reward and cooperation, or for punishment and revenge. The fact that you respond positively or negatively to the reputation of others then generates incentives for them to maintain good reputations. This article surveys the game theory literature which analyses the mechanisms and incentives involved in reputation. It also discusses how experiments have shed light on strategic behavior involved in maintaining reputations, and the adequacy of unreliable and third party information (gossip) for maintaining incentives for cooperation.

Using problem-based learning in a Chinese character class design: A case study of Korean learners of Chinese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Eun Young Jang ◽  
Heung Soo Park ◽  
Yeon Sil Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Learning Attitudes ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Korean Learners

This study attempted to try out Chinese-character education centering on experience and learners away from existing lecture-centered, teacher-centered education. For this purpose, problem-based learning (PBL) was proposed as one of the Chinese-language ability-enhancement measures for Korean learners of the Chinese language, and in order to examine the effect, we attempt to use the PBL tasks in the ‘Chinese-language reading’ class at a university for basic Chinese-language learners and analyze the results. PBL is a teaching-learning method in which learners focus on learning by using problems. In this study, we attempted to use PBL for the group work format. In this way, we can confirm that the class using the PBL has many advantages, such as improving learning ability and problem-solving ability, and strengthening cooperation. In addition, it was found that PBL is worthwhile to try because it is effective in inducing learning motivation, improving attention and interest in Chinese-character learning, improving learning attitudes of learners, and developing self-directed learning abilities.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Ban Qi Tay ◽  
Quentin Wright ◽  
Rahul Ladwa ◽  
Christopher Perry ◽  
Graham Leggatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

scholarly journals Terrorism before and after 9/11 – a more dangerous world?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205316801773975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Smith ◽  
Sean M. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
New Age ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shed Light

Was 9/11 the opening salvo in a new age of terrorism? Some argue that this act ushered in a more chaotic world. Others contend an increased focus on terrorism in the past 15 years is the result of conflating terrorist activity with insurgency. We shed light on these claims by analyzing data on domestic and transnational terrorist incidence from 1989 to 2014. The evidence suggests that the years since 9/11 have been different from those preceding them. Once the prevalence of conflicts is accounted for, the post-9/11 era is a significantly less terror prone period than the years before it. A country not suffering civil conflict was upwards of 60 percent more likely to experience terrorism prior to or during the year 2001 than since. However, the opposite trend holds for those countries with a higher proportion of Muslims. Prior to 2001, countries with higher Muslim populations experienced less domestic terrorism. Since 9/11, these countries have experienced significantly more terrorism – both domestic and international – than they had previously.

Remembering the Past/Anticipating the Future: A Professor From the White Working Class Talks With a Survivor of the Holocaust About Our Troubled World

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Ellis ◽  
Jerry Rawicki
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Future ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
Shed Light

This article extends the research of Jerry Rawicki and Carolyn Ellis who have collaborated for more than eight years on memories and consequences of the Holocaust. Focusing on Jerry’s memories of his experience during the Holocaust, they present dialogues that took place during five recorded interviews and follow-up conversations that reflect on the similarity of Hitler’s seizing of power in the 1930s to the meteoric rise of Donald Trump. Noting how issues of class and race were taking an increasingly prominent role in their conversations and collaborative writing, they also begin to examine discontent in the rural, White working class and Carolyn’s socialization within that community. These dialogues and reflections seek to shed light on the current political climate in America as Carolyn and Jerry struggle to cope with their fears and envision a hopeful path forward for their country.

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