scholarly journals Effects of Protein Levels on the Growth Performance of Giant African Land Snails (Achatina achatina) in Captivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Tchowan Guy Merlin ◽  
Ngoula Ferdinand ◽  
Kenfack Augustave ◽  
Tchoumboue Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
The University

In order to preserve and conserve the Giant African Land Snails, a study was carried out between September 2015 and January 2017 at the University of Buea (South-West Region, Cameroon), to assess the effect of protein level on the characteristics of growth of Achatina achatina in captivity. 90 young snails of one month old, weighing between 1 and 1.5 g, of shell length between 15.5-23.85 mm and shell diameter between 12.60-16.85 mm and free from wounds or shell defects were divided into 3 groups of 5 snails each and 6 replicates in cages equipped with feeders and drinking troughs. Each treatment was randomly assigned to one of the experimental feed with variable protein levels (20, 22 and 24%) in addition to pawpaw leaves as a staple feed. These were previously weighed as well as the remnants using a 0.5g precision balance. The cultured substrates were watered daily (0.50 liter/substrate). At the beginning of the test, and then every week, the snails were weighed, and shell measurements done using a digital caliper of 0.05 mm accuracy. The animals were monitored for fourteen months. The results show that feed intake (3.01±1.57), weight gain (24.50±5.72), daily weight gain (0.058±0.016), gain of shell length (30.26±4.19) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in snails receiving 24% protein in the diet compared to snails from the other treatments. The highest consumption index was recorded in snails receiving 20% protein in the diet but the statistical analyses did not find any significant difference. In conclusion, the protein level of 24% can be retained in the diet of growing snails.

scholarly journals Influence of two management systems on the growth performance of adult African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Z. Dododawa ◽  
B. N. Ejidike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Management System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Shell Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Increment

African gaint land snails are important as means of alleviating acute protein shortage in Nigeria livestock Industries. The present study aimed to study the influence of intensive and extensive management systems on the growth Performance of adult African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) was carried out in the wildlife domestication unit of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Ninety  African giant land snails (A. marginata) of average body weight 160.31g ± 0.38g were used for the study. The snails were grouped into two- Group A and Group B. 45 snails in group A were raised in an intensive system of management while 45 snails in group B were raised in an extensive system of management. The data collected on weight gain, shell length increment and shell width increment during the experiment were subjected to student t-Test at 5% significant level. Results showed that there was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the weight gain. The intensive management system had a higher weight gain of 128.96g with mean value of 4.96 while the extensive management system had a weight gain of 88.37g with mean value of 3.40. There was no significant difference at (p>0.05) in the shell length increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell length increment of 5.32cm with mean value of 0.20 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell length increment of 2.43cm with mean value of 0.09. There was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the shell width increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell width increment of 9.31cm with mean value of 0.36 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell width increment of 4.30cm with mean value of 0.17. The snails in the intensive system had a Feed Conversion Ratio of 5.03. For better growth performance of A. marginata in terms of weight gain, snail farmers should raise their snails in an intensive system of management and formulated diet should be used in feeding the snails along side with natural feed such as leaves and fruits.

scholarly journals Productive performance and parasitological control of kids supplemented with umbu fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Thiago Vinicius Costa NASCIMENTO ◽  
Daniel Maia NOGUEIRA ◽  
Nilton de Brito CAVALCANTE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Deferent Type of Training on C-reactive protein Level in Healthy Middle Age Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al Hindawi ◽  
Majed Mjallie
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
The University

Objective: The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of different type of exercise training on C-reactive protein level in middle age men. Methods: A total of 20 male subjects’ mean age 45±5 years were investigated at the University of Jordan Hospital to evaluate CRP level after training. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups they participated in supervise exercise training resistance and endurance exercise for 11 weeks. CRP level was measured pre-post training. Results: Mean C-reactive protein level measured before training program was 1.82 mg/L. And 1.81 mg/L for endurance and resistance groups respectively. Measurement of the CRP after the completion of the exercise program was 1.654 mg/L and 1.764 mg/L for both groups the endurance and the resistance respectively. TC was significantly reduced from 199.1 ml/dl to 176.1 ml/dl, for the endurance group and from 193.50 ml/dl to 181.60 ml/dl, for the resistance group. TG reduced significantly from 172.2 ml/dl to 161.50 ml/dl for the endurance group, and from 163.50 ml/dl to 159.20 ml/dl for the resistance group. HR at rest reduced from 79.63 b.pm to 74.47 b.pm for the endurance group, and from 77.50 b.pm to 74.6 b.pm for the resistance group. Fat % reduced significantly from 25.25 to 23.22 for the endurance group and from 23.03 to 21.60 for the resistance group. BMI reduced from 28.82 to 27.41 for the endurance group and from 27.63 to 27.40 for the resistance group.VO2max increased significantly from 37.13 to 43.30 ml.kg.min for the endurance group, and from 37.67 to 39.3 for the resistance group. HDL also increased from 46.12 mi/dl to 48.25 mi/dl for the endurance group, and increased from 42.70 mi/dl to 44.30 mi/dl for the resistance group Training gropes had lower CRP, weight, BMI, and body fat after the completion of the exercise program. Conclusions: Plasma C-reactive protein levels are reduced in response to both strength and endurance exercise training in sedentary healthy men (there was no different in the type of exercise in reducing CRP level.

scholarly journals Utilization of fish waste as fish meal substitute in formulated fish diet on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fish fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Anizah M.R. ◽  
S.R. Manaf ◽  
Hilaliyah M.J.N.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Significant Difference

Fish meal is generally expended as the foremost protein supply in the fish diet. The rising cost of this component inflicted the aquaculture industry to seek a substitute in lessening the pellet cost. Thus, fish waste was tested in this study to investigate its viability. An experiment was performed to study the effects of fish waste and carcass on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry. Solid fish waste of three different common species available in Mukah’s wet market was formulated into an artificial diet. The diet was formulated into three treatments consist of three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) with 4000 kcal/kg energy. A controlled group was fed with a commercial pellet consisting of 45% protein level. Fish were fed at 4% of body weight twice daily for 45 days. Fry reared in a controlled group was discovered highest weight gain, specific growth rate and length gain. There was no significant difference in all treatments for all parameters measured. The lowest weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded in fish fed 45% protein level (T2) group. Fish in T3 (50%) achieved the highest survival rate while T1 (40%) group recorded the lowest. The best and lowest Feed Conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control group. In conclusion, the performance of formulated feed using fish waste is similar to commercial pellet as no significant difference can be observed in all parameters measured.

Penggunaan Konsentrat Komersial (683) untuk Memacu Pertambahan Berat Badan Kambing Kacang yang Diberi Pakan Dasar Hijauan Campuran

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Januar Akmal Swanda ◽  
Didy Rachmadi ◽  
Asril Asril
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Penggunaan konsentrat komersial (683) untuk memacu pertambahan berat badan kambing kacang yang diberi pakan dasar hijauan campuran telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Ternak Potong Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh. pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertambahan berat badan harian pada kambing kacang jantan yang diberikan kosentrat komersial (683) dan hijauan campuran. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL) yaitu dengan menggunakan empat perlakuan dan empat periode (ulangan). Masing-masing perlakuan adalah pelakuan A (0% pellet 683) perlakuan B (20% pellet 683), perlakuan C (40% pellet 683), dan pelakuan D (60% pellet 683). Data penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Parameter yang diamati adalah : Pertambahan berat badan, Konsumsi pakan, Konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P0.01) terhadap konsumsi ransum. Namun terjadi perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P0,05) pada parameter pertambahan berat badan dan efesiensi ransum. Use of Commercial Concentrates (683) to Stimulate Weight Loss of Goat kacang Provided with Basic Mixed Forage FeedAbstract. The use of commercial concentrate 683 to accelerate the growth of kacang goat fed with mixed forage has been conducted at the Laboratory of Technology and Livestock Production, the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University of Banda Aceh. from August to October 2017. The objective of this study was to determine the daily weight gain in kacang goat given commercial concentrate (683) and mixed green. The design used in this study was Latin Square Design (RBSL) wash four treatments and four periods (replication). The treatment ware A (0% pellet 683) B (20% pellet 683), C (40% pellet 683), and D (60% pellet 683). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Parameters observed were: Weight gain, Feed consumption, Feed conversion. The results showed a significant difference on (P 0.01) to the consumption of rations. However, the difference was not significant (P 0.05) on the parameter of weight gain and ration efficiency. 

Carbohydrate utilization and its protein-sparing effect in diets for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
Y. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Epinephelus Malabaricus ◽  
Glucose Group

AbstractTo investigate the utilization of different carbohydrate sources and the possible protein-sparing effects of carbohydrates for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus), six isoeneregtic purified diets were prepared. Three dietary protein levels (500, 460, 420 g/kg) were achieved by substitution with three levels (143, 195, 246 g/kg) and two sources (glucose and starch) of dietary carbohydrate. Each of the six diets was given to triplicate groups of grouper in a recirculating rearing system for 8 weeks. In the glucose group, weight gain of fish decreased with increasing dietary glucose and decreasing protein content. In the starch group, weight gain of fish given the 500 g/kg protein diet was higher (P < 0 ·05) than fish given the 460 and 420 g/kg protein diets. At each of the dietary protein levels weight gain of the glucose-group fish and the starch-group fish were similar (P > 0·05). At the 500 g/kg dietary protein level body lipid content of the starch-group fish was higher than that of glucose-group fish. At 500 and 460 g/kg dietary protein levels, fish given starch diets had higher hepatic hexokinase activity than fish given the glucose diets. These results suggest that, at the levels studies, the utilization of starch and glucose by grouper is similar. Decreasing the dietary protein level from 460 g/kg to 420 g/kg by increasing the starch content in the diet from 195 g/kg to 246 g/kg did not reduce (P > 0·05) weight gain and food efficiency, suggesting that starch could spare some protein when the dietary protein level is low.

scholarly journals Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramesh ◽  
K. Dube ◽  
A. K. Reddy ◽  
P. V. Rangacharyulu ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) is considered as one of the candidate species for diversification of aquaculture. However, only scanty information is available on its nutrient requirements. Hence, the present study was conducted on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba fry in response to different dietary protein levels. Six semi-purified isocaloric diets were formulated with different levels of protein at 5% increments (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) and fed to different groups of pengba fry for a period of 60 days. Survival of fish was significantly influenced by different protein levels (p<0.05). The highest weight gain% and specific growth rate (4.17% day-1) was obtained at 45% protein level which thereafter declined. The best feed conversion ratio (1.46) was observed at 45% protein level and the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.14) was obtained at 25% protein levelwith significant difference (p<0.05). The crude protein content of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein levels (p<0.05) and highest was recorded at 45% protein diet. Moisture, ether extract and ash content did not show significant (p>0.05) variation among dietary treatments. The activity of proteolytic enzymes (proteases, typsin and chymotrypsin) and acid phosphatase were signicantly (p<0.05) enhanced by dietary protein levels up to 45%, which were found to decline thereafter. Amylase activity was significantly decreased as protein levels increased in the diet. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not influenced by dietary protein levels. In the present study, penbga fry fed with 45% protein diet, showed the best growth performance and highest digestive enzyme activities. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut clearly demonstrated that the proteolytic enzymes are activated in response to dietary protein utilisation and also revealed that pengba fry may require high protein (45%) diet for better growth and survival. Second order polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum protein requirement of pengba fry was 45.1% (r2 = 0.90). The findings of the study is expected to have significant implications for feed development for pengba aquaculture.

scholarly journals Effect of different protein levels of fry feed on the production of quality tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Sumi ◽  
M Das ◽  
I Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feed Cost

A 4-week long feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein levels of quality Tilapia (O. niloticus) fry production in Agro-3 Fish Hatchery and Culture Farm, Boilor, Trishal, Mymensingh. Four days old 1247 fry (length 0.8 cm and weight 0.012 g) were stocked at the density of 1560/m2 in twelve synthetic hapas. Four   different treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in three replications were used having different level of protein containing diets (T1,=35.95%, T2=40.43%, T3=45.61% and T4=50.85%) in the experiment. Feeds were supplied to fry at 4 h intervals during 24 h cycle upto satiation level. Sampling was done at 7 days interval throughout the experiment. The best growth was obtained at 35.95% protein level in T1 treatment. Therefore, a follow up second experiment with feeds having protein levels 30.12%, 33.42%, 36.19% and 39.01% encircling the best performed diet (35.95% protein) of the first experiment was conducted. Significantly (P<0.05) higher mean weight gain (g), SGR (%/day), PER, survival rate (%) and lower FCR value were found at 36.19% protein containing diet. Thus, from the results of the two experiments conducted in two consecutive years it can be said that the feed containing approximately 36% protein is the best for the production of quality tilapia fry. If farmers use 36% protein instead of 40% then it will be more economic because fish meal is costly. Further experiment can be carried with feed containing 36% protein from cheaper ingredients   other than fish meal to reduce the feed cost.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11053   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 359–364, 2011

scholarly journals CONDITION FACTOR OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUSFRY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVELS IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Wilfred O. Zablon ◽  
◽  
Albert Getabu ◽  
Erick O. Ogello ◽  
Job O. Omweno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Protein

The study was conducted at Kenya Marine Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Sangoro Station, Kenya to compare the growth perfomance of Oreochromis niloticusfry under different protein levels in a biofloc system using weight-length regression models and Fulton`s condition factor (K). Fry of initial mean weight 0.07 ± 0.03 g and length 1.30 ± 0.24 cm were randomly stocked in 18 aquarium tanks with capacity of 50 litres at stocking density of one fish Litre-1. The experiment was set in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions using aerators and thermostat heaters. The biofloc used glucose and molasses as carbon sources which were assigned at 22%, 27% and 35% crude protein levels randomly to the aquaria. The fish were fed on their daily ration twice a day at 5% body weight for 14 weeks. Physicochemical parameters were recorded daily using a multiparameter meter and water samples collected before fish sampling for nutrient analysis. A sample of 30 fish per tank were used for taking body weight and total length measurements using an electronic balance and a measuring board respectively. Fry in all treatments exhibited allometric growth with b coefficient varying between 2.54 and 2.66. Average Fultons condition factor ranged between 1.77-1.84 with no significant difference (P>0.05)among the protein levels and the bioflocs. The condition factor showed both carbon sources were suitable for use in the biofloc system and hence replacement of higher protein level (35%) with lower protein level (22%) to reduce the production cost is a feasible application of the biofloc system in fish farming.

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