scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Analysis of 16 Avocado Accessions (Persea americana) From China by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yu Ge ◽  
Funing Ma ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Lin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The physicochemical composition of avocado fruit has been well reported, but there is little detail on Chinese native avocado varieties. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics, oil contents, and fatty acid compositions of 16 avocado accessions grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. Eight fatty acids were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The major fatty acids of avocado pulp were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, accounting for 78-91% of the total fatty acids content. The analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) of the data revealed morphological and chemical differences between most of avocado accessions. Moreover, 16 avocado accessions were distinguished through a PCA scores scatter plot and cluster analysis based on fatty acid profiles. The results identified some remarkable characteristics of avocado accessions from different places of collection.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of oil from four Avocado varieties cultivated in Morocco

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Chaimae Nasri ◽  
Yasmina Halabi ◽  
Hicham Harhar ◽  
Faez Mohammed ◽  
Abdelkabir Bellaouchou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Automatic Interaction Detector

The notable growth in the use of avocado oil in the nutritional and cosmetic field was the main objective to valorize the oil production of important varieties of avocados existing in Morocco by analyzing its chemical composition in fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and its physico-chemical properties. Oleic acid is the main fatty acid in the oil; they constitute between 50 and 65% of the total fatty acids. The study of the unsaponifiable fraction revealed that avocado oil contains 3259.9–5378.8 mg/kg sterols and 113.13–332.17 mg/kg tocopherols. Chemo-metric tools were employed in manner optimization, such as principal component analysis, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, analysis of variance, and classification trees using Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector. Chemo-metric tools revealed a difference in the composition of fatty acid, sterols, and tocopherol of avocado oil samples. This difference resulted from a variety of avocado fruits. Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) method was efficient distinguishing avocado oil samples based on fruit variety using fatty acids, tocopherols, sterol compositions and total sterol. Principal component analysis (PCA) method allowed the distinction the set avocado oil dataset based on fruit varieties, supplied a correct discrimination rate of 95.44% for avocado fruit varieties using the fatty acid. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) carried out using the same variables, also provided an acceptable classification rate of 50% for avocado fruit varieties using the total tocopherol content. Besides, a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties in terms of acidity index, saponification index, iodine index, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and methyl and ethyl esters was performed.

scholarly journals Land Snails as a Valuable Source of Fatty Acids: A Multivariate Statistical Approach

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo ◽  
Gaetano Cammilleri ◽  
Alessandro Ulrici ◽  
Rosalba Calvini ◽  
Andrea Pulvirenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The fatty acid (FA) profile of wild Theba pisana, Cornu aspersum, and Eobania vermiculata land snail samples, collected in Sicily (Southern Italy), before and after heat treatment at +100 °C were examined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results show a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in all of the examined raw snails samples, representing up to 48.10% of the total fatty acids contents, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The thermal processing of the snail samples examined determined an overall reduction of PUFA levels (8.13%, 7.75%, and 4.62% for T. pisana, C. aspersum and E. vermiculata samples, respectively) and a species-specific variation of saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. Oleic acid remained the most abundant FA of all of the snails species examined, accounting for up to 29.95% of the total FA content. A relevant decrease of ɷ3/ɷ6 ratio was found only for T. pisana samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a separation of the snail samples in terms of species and heat treatment. The results of this work suggest land snails as a valuable source of MUFA and PUFA contents and boiling as appropriate treatment, according to the maintenance of healthy properties.

scholarly journals Use of the fatty acid profile as a chemotaxonomic marker for diatoms from the genus Nitzschia Hassall of the salt lakes of Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Y. I. Maltsev ◽  
Z. V. Krivova ◽  
S. Y. Maltseva ◽  
M. S. Kulikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Marker ◽  
High Statistical Support

New diatom strains of Nitzschia were isolated from phytoplankton and benthos of saltwater lakes inMongolia. The strains were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using the 18SrDNA gene. The new strains have been included into the Bacillariales clade with a high statistical support. Analysis ofthe fatty acid composition of the studied strains showed that 16:0 palmitic, 18:0 stearic, and 16:1 palmitoleic acids weredominant – they accounted for up to 97.5 % of the total fatty acids. New strains of Nitzschia from Mongolian lakes showedthe minimum content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6. Taking into account the peculiaritiesof the profiles of fatty acids, and primarily the amount of saturated and monounsaturated acids, new strains of Nitzschiacan be considered for biotechnological use as a potential raw material for the production of biofuel.

Content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols in commercial natural phospholipid excipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxia Zheng ◽  
Xiong Shen ◽  
Yingchun Wang ◽  
Jian Liang ◽  
Mingming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
The Many

Background: Phospholipids are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry as functional excipients. In spite of the many analytical methods reported, there are very limited reports concerning systematic research and comparison of phospholipid excipients. Objective: To present a comprehensive evaluation of commercial natural phospholipid excipients (CNPEs). Methods: Seventeen batches of CNPEs from five manufacturing enterprises, isolated either from soybean or egg yolk, were investigated. The content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols as a whole were considered as the evaluative index of CNPEs. Eight kinds of phospholipids were determined by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), twenty-one kinds of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after boron trifluoride-methanol derivatization, and nine kinds of sterols were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after separation and derivatization of the unsaponifiable matter. Cluster analysis was employed for classification and identification of the CNPEs. Results: The results showed that each kind of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Seventeen batches of samples were divided into eight groups in cluster analysis. CNPEs of the same type from different source (soybean or egg yolk) or enterprises presented different content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Conclusion: Each type of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol as a whole can be applied as an indicator of the quality and characteristics for CNPEs.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

Prediction of Fatty Acid Content in Beef Neck Lean by near Infrared Reflectance Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Windham ◽  
W.H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples ( n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0% and 38.3 to 56.2%, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance ( SEP = 1.10%); coefficient of determination on the validation set ( r2 = 0.77)], palmitic ( SEP = 0.94%; r2 = 0.69), unsaturate ( SEP = 1.13%; r2 = 0.77), and oleic ( SEP = 0.97; r2 = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r2 range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method ( SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle.

Fatty Acid Composition of Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Farrington ◽  
James G. Quinn ◽  
Wayne R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Narragansett Bay ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Polluted Station

Samples of the infaunal invertebrates Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, have been analyzed for their fatty acid distribution. Based on total fatty acids, Yoldia contains 9–16% of an acid tentatively identified as 22:2. The ratios of 18:1/18:0 and 18:1/20:1 fatty acids of Nephtys from a polluted station in the bay are lower than the corresponding ratios for animals from relatively clean areas.

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in liver and muscle tissues of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle of a porcupinefish species inhabiting waters around the Ryukyu Islands to investigate their potential as a source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Design/methodology/approach Porcupinefish were collected along the Okinawa Island coast. The composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in both liver and muscle were analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Findings The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish was rich in lipids whose content correlated to the proportion of liver/body weight. Fatty acid compositions in their liver and muscles were similar to each other. LC-PUFAs occupied 44% of total fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being the dominant (42%), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid occupied 2.4%. The liver contained 1,690 mg of cholesterol and 14.8 g of DHA per 100 g, whose proportion decreased in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.036). Originality/value The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish, which has not yet been commercially used although its non-toxicity is claimed, can be an excellent source of LC-PUFAs, especially DHA, accentuating its potential in food supplements’ production.

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