scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavon on the germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Amanda O. Andrade ◽  
Maria A. P. Da Silva ◽  
Alison H. De Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Aurelio F. Dos Santos ◽  
Lilian C. S. Vandesmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts and leaf fractions of <em>Psychotria viridis</em> Ruiz &amp; Pavon (chacrona) at different concentrations on the germination and initial growth of <em>Lactuca sativa</em> L. were tested, and the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of these extracts and fractions were assessed. The bioassays consisted of the following treatments: crude aqueous extract (CAE) at 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentration, crude ethanol extract (CEE) and ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol fractions at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% concentration and a control group. All treatments consisted of five replicates. The CAE, CEE and the ethyl acetate fraction of <em>P. viridis</em> caused both positive and negative effects on the seeds and seedlings of <em>L. sativa</em>.<em> </em>By contrast, the dichloromethane and methanol fractions only caused negative effects on <em>L. sativa</em>. The following compounds were identified in the extracts and fractions: gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, apigenin, rutin and luteolin, and the presence of the alkaloid N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) has also been reported in the literature. <em>P. viridis</em> had allelopathic effects in all types of plant extracts and fractions tested, and one of these compounds or their combined action may account for these effects.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity test of ethyl acetate fraction of binjai (Mangifera Caesia) leaf ethanol extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
K. Khairiah ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Deby Kania Tri Putri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group

Background: Binjai (Mangifera caesia) is a herb derived from South Kalimantan possessing antioxidant properties which promote wound healing inhibiting oxidation radicals. The natural antioxidants present in binjai leaves can be extracted by fractionation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf. Methods: The study constituted a pure experimental study incorporating a post-test design with only random sampling technique consisting of two groups, namely; an ethyl acetate fraction as the treatment group and ascorbic acid as the positive control group. The leaves were treated in accordance with the soxhlet method and subsequently fractionated to extract ethyl acetate fraction. This was used to measure antioxidant activity with DPPH radical damping method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A linear regression calculation was performed with a standard curve to quantify the IC50 value, before the ethyl acetate fraction underwent a qualitative test of secondary metabolite. Results: An independent t-test indicated significant differences between groups, an average value of IC50 in ascorbic acid of 13.812 ppm with 0.996 linearity and a fraction of ethyl acetate 38.526 ppm with a linearity of 0.999. In contrast, at this linearity value ascorbic acid and ethyl fraction acetate demonstrate a very high linear connection between concentration and inhibition. A secondary metabolite test conducted on the ethyl acetate fraction produced positive results for flavonoid, tannins, and phenol. Conclusion: Based on the IC50 parameters, the fraction of ethyl acetate in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf produces very strong antioxidant activity in the content of the compounds in the fraction, namely: flavonoid, tannins and phenol.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activities and Identification of Chemical Compound from Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laela Nur Anisah ◽  
Wasrin Syafii ◽  
Gustan Pari ◽  
Rita Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Isopropyl Myristate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) is one of a pioneer indigenous fast growing species in Indonesia which have been used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The objectives were to determine the yield extract, to analyze their antidiabetic activity by inhibition assay for α-glucosidase enzyme activity and chemical analysis with GCMS. Extraction of leaves, bark and wood samples were done by using ethanol 95%. Fractionation the most active  ethanol extract was conducted by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The yield of ethanol extracts in leaves, bark and wood were 13.90%, 12.87%, and 2.18% respectively. Based on antidiabetic activity assay, the bark ethanol extract was the most active extract by the IC50 value of 5.86 μg mL-1. Phytochemical analysis on bark ethanol extracts showed that they contained flavonoid, quinon, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin which were assumed have high contribution in antidiabetic activities. The result of fractionation ethanol extract bark showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction (IC50 6.82 μg mL-1). GCMS analysis indicated the presence of dominant phenolic compounds such as pyrocatechol, antiarol, isopropyl myristate and phenol in which were suspected have antidiabetic activity. These results strongly suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of Samama bark was a potential natural source for antidiabetic agents.

scholarly journals Evaluating the wound healing ability of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.g. Hartley

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Nhan Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Can Minh Nguyen ◽  
Thuoc Linh Tran ◽  
Thao Thi Phuong Dang
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mice Model

Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex benth.) T.g. Hartley, a folk medicinal plant, is used by ethnic minorities in Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam to treat effectively wound, inflammation and skin ulcer. To scientifically prove the claimed utilization and understand the mechanism of action of the plant, the in vitro and in vivo healing properties of the extract and fractions of the plant were investigated. The ethanol 70 % extract (50 – 400 mg/mL), aqueous (200 mg/mL), ethyl acetate (100 mg/mL) and petroleum ether (50 mg/mL) fractions were used to evaluate the antibacterial activities by using agar diffusion method. The healing properties were in vitro investigated through fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation and migration (7.8 g/mL to 250 g/mL in accordance with each extract and fraction). Besides, the macrophage-induced inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) production was examined (15.6 – 62.5 g/mL). In addition, the excision wound model was used to test the wound healing activity on mice model. We found that the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract and fractions stimulated fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation in a concentration-dependent way. They also inhibited macrophage produce NO. In addition, mice treated by the extract formed scabs on wound excision of mice model faster than the control group. The wound healing efficiency seems to involve antibacterial, stimulating fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation, inhibition of macrophages produce NO.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Different Extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. against Rheumatoid Arthritis in CIA Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ying Wang ◽  
Xiao-Jun Chen ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ying-Yi Pan ◽  
Zu-Xi Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Immune Inflammation

To compare efficacy of different extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. with both immune inflammation and joint destruction in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Rats were divided into normal group (Nor), control group (CIA), TG group (treated with tripterygium glycoside), E70 group (treated with 70% ethanol extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), EA group (treated with ethyl acetate fraction from E70), and EN group (treated with n-butyl alcohol fraction from E70). All extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. could significantly inhibit ankle swelling, pathological manifestations, and cytokine levels in serum and spleen, by using foot volume measurement, H&E staining, ELISA, and RT-QPCR methods, respectively. All extracts could significantly inhibit rough joint surface and marginal osteophytes, improve RANKL/OPG ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expression, by using micro-CT and immunohistochemical staining. The activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway was also inhibited by all extracts. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction from E70 presented better effect on RANKL/OPG system. This study identified effective extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. relieving immune inflammation and maintaining structural integrity of joints in CIA rats.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Propionibacterium acnes Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Daun Karuk (Piper sarmetosum Roxb. Ex. Hunter) serta Analisis KLT Bioautografi

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Anisa Dwi Nuraeni ◽  
Yani Lukmayani ◽  
Reza Abdul Kodir
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Tlc Bioautography ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract. Karuk (Piper sarmetosum Roxb. Ex. Hunter) is a plant that is considered to have antibacterial activity. Acne is a problem in the skin caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This research’s aimed to determine the potential antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts and karuk leaf’s fractions, and can find out the class of chemical compounds contained from the ethanol extract and the fraction of karuk leaves which have antibacterial activity. Karuk leaf was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, followed by fractionation using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents. Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract and fraction with a concentration of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% using the well diffusion agar method. To identify the class of compounds that have antibacterial activity, the TLC Bioautography method is used. From the results of research that has been done shows that ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with the highest inhibitory diameter of 10.11mm in the extract, and in the n-hexane fraction of 10.93 mm. in the ethyl acetate fraction and the water fraction there is no inhibitory zone formed so that it cannot provide antibacterial activity. The TLC Bioautography results did not show any inhibitory zones and there was no change in color when given a spotting viewer. So that compounds cannot be identified that have antibacterial activity Abstrak. Karuk (Piper sarmetosum  Roxb. Ex. Hunter) merupakan tanaman yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Jerawat merupakan permasalahan pada kulit disebabkan adanya bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol dan fraksi daun karuk, serta dapat mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung dari hasil ekstrak etanol dan fraksi daun karuk yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Daun karuk diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi menggunakan metode ekstraksi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan fraksi dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% menggunakan metode difusi sumuran agar. Untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri digunakan metode KLT Bioautografi. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes dengan diameter hambat tertinggi 10,11mm pada ekstrak, dan pada fraksi n-heksan 10,93 mm.  pada fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air tidak terbentuk adanya zona hambat sehingga tidak dapat memberikan aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Hasil KLT Bioautografi tidak menunjukan adanya zona hambat serta tidak terdapat perubahan warna ketika diberikan penampak bercak. Sehingga tidak dapat teridentifikasi senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz Extract Changes in the Histopathology of Aspirin-Induced Rat Gastritis Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257
Author(s):  
Hendrika Silitonga ◽  
Gontar A. Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

BACKGROUND: Gastritis is one of the most common diseases found in internal medicine clinics and daily life. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the histopathological changes of gastric rat model of aspirin-induced gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group K(−) is a negative control (normal) not given any treatment, Group K(+) is a positive control induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW, Group 1 (P1) is a treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethanol extract of chayote 100 mg/kgBW, po, Group 2 (P2) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethanol extract of chayote 200 mg/kgBW, po, Group 3 (P3) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethyl acetate fraction chayote 100 mg/kgBW, PO, Group 4 (P4) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethyl acetate fraction chayote 200 mg/kgBW, PO, and Group 5 (P5) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with omeprazole 20 mg. RESULTS: Analysis of the results of inflammatory infiltration in gastric histopathology in Groups P1, P2, P3, and P4 showed mild inflammatory infiltration compared to Groups P(5) and K(+). The description of the acinar glands on gastric histopathology showed that the P2 group gave a better picture of the acinar gland repair than the K(+), P2, P3, P4, and P5 groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed that ethanol extracts of squash 200 mg/KgBW own effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory on the improvement of infiltration of inflammatory and picture histopathological gastric mice compared with the ethanol extract of squash 100 mg/kg, the fraction of ethyl acetate chayote 100 mg/KgBW and 200 mg/KgBW and omeprazole 20 mg.

Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Stefani Dhale Rale ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Syamsul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chayote fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) on the Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance of Male White Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 962-969
Author(s):  
Jekson Martiar Siahaan ◽  
Syaffruddin Illyas ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
Marline Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Sechium Edule

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) causes insulin resistance and disordered insulin secretion. Pathomechanisms of T2D consist of dysfunctional pancreatic β-cell and insulin resistance caused by free radical (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) that produced from the glucose metabolism pathway. Insulin resistance can be measured using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Oxidative stress can measure through the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AIM: This research aims to study the potential of chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) to be used as antihyperglycemic in T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with a post-test randomized controlled group design. Eleven groups with four male rats each were used. Normal untreated rats were treated under ad libitum feeding and drinking condition. Meanwhile, the rat models were induced with the combination of 45 mg/kg b.w. streptozotocin, 110 mg/kg b.w. nicotinamide, 40.5 mg/kg b.w. metformin, high-fat diet, and/or chayote extract. The chayote extract was orally administered to the rat in the form of ethanol extract and/or ethyl acetate fraction, with three dosages of 45 mg/kg b.w., 100 mg/kg b.w., and 150 mg/kg b.w. for each extract type. The body weight, glucose level, insulin level, MDA, and SOD activities were measured. The HOMA-IR was used. RESULTS: The lowest body weight of the rat model in week 0 was 145 ± 25.31, founded in Group H that was treated with ethyl acetate fraction of chayote extract (45 mg/kg b.w.). The lowest blood sugar level in the group with 2 h glucose load was 112.5 ± 27.00 on average, found in Group G that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract (150 mg/kg b.w.). The highest SOD in the group treated with chayote extract was 1.27 ± 0.20, founded in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest level of MDA was 0.86 ± 0.70 in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest fasting blood sugar spectrophotometer level was 150.54 ± 17.24 mg/dl in Group K with metformin treatment, followed by 155.16 ± 31.92 mg/dl in Group K treated 45 mg/kg b.w. ethanol treatment. The highest insulin level was 6.14 ± 0.71, founded in Group F that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract 100 mg/kg b.w. The lowest measurement of HOMA-IR was 0.16 ± 0.80 in Group E treated with ethanol extract of chayote 45 mg/kg b.w. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract and fractionation of chayote work as an antioxidant and anti-insulin resistance.

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