Solving the Financial Barriers of New Innovative Startups in Jordan

The article examines the interaction of the national economy of Ukraine with international credit and financial organizations, evaluates the positive and negative consequences and identifies possible areas for further cooperation. The role of international credit and financial organizations in the development of the global economy is analyzed. Today, international financial institutions have taken a leading place among institutions that provide financial support and contribute to the implementation of necessary reforms aimed at developing enterprises in various sectors of the economy and strengthening the country's financial sector as a whole. The importance of cooperation between Ukraine and international financial institutions for the development of the country's economy has been determined. The problems and directions of development of cooperation with leading credit and financial organizations in modern conditions are identified. Despite the presence of certain shortcomings, cooperation between Ukraine and international credit and financial organizations will continue in the future.

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Family’s Role in Achieving Language Affiliation among Children: A Comparative Study Applied to Some Families

Arab World English Journal ◽

10.24093/awej/vol12no3.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 111-128

Author(s):

Aljohara Fahad Al Saud

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Language Identity ◽

Study Population ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Identifying language affiliation among children for family immigrants is crucial for one’s language identity. This study aimed to determine the role played by Arab families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and Britain to attain language affiliation among their children. It also aims to identify the challenges facing families living in these countries in achieving language affiliation among their children. The study population consisted of all the families that live in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to all the Arab families that live in Austria and Britain and the study sample included (120) parents. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study reached several results; first, the role played by families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and United Kingdom to attain language affiliation among their children got a high degree of response. Second, the challenges facing activating the family’s role in attaining language affiliation of their children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Austria have got a high degree of response, while in Britain, they obtained a very high degree of response. The study recommended involving all family members in accessing different and creative ways of practicing their native language and activating the role of social media in developing the language affiliation of children.

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Financial system and growth and economic development

VUZF Review ◽

10.38188/2534-9228.21.2.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 160-170

Author(s):

Małgorzata Hala

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic System ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Financial System ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Real Sector ◽

The Real ◽

State And Local ◽

The Impact

The aim of the article is to present the role of the financial system in economic growth and development. The first part presents the traditional understanding of the relationship between the economic system and economic growth. The second part presents the experience of financial crises and their impact on the conversation on the mutual relations between the financial sector and the real sector. The third part shows the role of the state in the financial system. The article describes the arrangement of interrelated financial institutions, financial markets and elements of the financial system infrastructure. It shows what part of the economic system the financial system is, and whether it enables the provision of services allowing the circulation of purchasing power throughout the economy. The article presents the important role of the financial system, the role related to the transfer of capital from entities with savings to entities that need capital for investments. It shows the financial system as a set of logically related organizational forms, legal acts, financial institutions and other elements enabling entities to establish financial relations in the real sector and the financial sector, and this system forms the basis of activity for entities using money, enabling the conclusion of various economic transactions, in which money performs various functions. The article also presents the concept of a financial crisis as a situation in which there are rapid changes in the financial market, usually associated with insufficient liquidity or insolvency of banks or financial institutions, and as a result, a decrease in production or its deepening. The article also includes issues related to the impact of public authorities (state and local authorities) on the financial system in the economy.

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Financial Structure and Incentives

National Institute Economic Review ◽

10.1177/002795011222100113 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. R23-R30

Author(s):

Martin Čihák ◽

Asli Demirgüç-Kunt

Keyword(s):

Financial Markets ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Financial Systems ◽

Regulatory Approach ◽

Private Incentives ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

The article connects two streams of recent research on the financial sector. The first is the regulation literature, which emphasises the central role of incentives in the financial sector. It points out that the challenge of financial sector regulation, highlighted by the global financial crisis, is to align private incentives with public interest without taxing or subsidising private risk-taking. The second stream of research relates to financial structures and examines the mix of financial institutions and financial markets in an economy. It finds that, as economies develop, services provided by financial markets become comparatively more important than those provided by banks. The article brings these two streams together, pointing out that — as financial systems develop from bank-based to market-based — a traditional regulatory approach that relies on banking ratios becomes less effective. There is thus a greater need for properly monitoring and addressing the underlying incentive weaknesses in market-based systems.

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The Establishment of Banking Institutions in a Backward Economy: Brazil, 1800–1851

The Business History Review ◽

10.2307/3113170 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 446-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carlos Manuel Peláez

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Economic Growth And Development ◽

Early Stages ◽

Banking Institutions

This study analyzes the Brazilian experience as a case study in the role of banking in the early stages of economic growth and development.

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The role and importance of internal control and internal audit in the prevention and identification of fraudulent actions in banks

Bankarstvo ◽

10.5937/bankarstvo2101066k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 66-89

Author(s):

Snežana Knežević ◽

Aleksandar Živković ◽

Stefan Milojević

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Internal Control ◽

Financial Services ◽

Internal Audit ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Business Environment ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Range Of Functions

Modern banks have a specific role and a whole range of functions of paramount importance, as financial institutions for granting loans, creating loans, mobilizing savings and economic development. In the financial sector, there is a growing number of people who are using increasingly innovative and creative ways of targeting all perceived weaknesses in banks and credit approval systems. The persons committing fraud have become increasingly sophisticated, which means that measures to prevent fraud must be constantly developed to ensure that they are able to deal with the threat. The fight against fraud is crucial for financial services institutions. This article aims not only to briefly describe the role of internal control and internal audit in detecting possible fraud in banks, as profit-oriented organizations in today's complex and highly changing business environment, but also to point out the advantages they have in the more efficient management of bank activities.

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Family’s Role in Achieving Language Affiliation among Children: A Comparative Study Applied to Some Families

10.31235/osf.io/a6fbz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aljohara Fahad Al Saud

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Language Identity ◽

Study Population ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Identifying language affiliation among children for family immigrants is crucial for one’s language identity. This study aimed to determine the role played by Arab families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and Britain to attain language affiliation among their children. It also aims to identify the challenges facing families living in these countries in achieving language affiliation among their children. The study population consisted of all the families that live in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to all the Arab families that live in Austria and Britain and the study sample included (120) parents. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study reached several results; first, the role played by families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and United Kingdom to attain language affiliation among their children got a high degree of response. Second, the challenges facing activating the family’s role in attaining language affiliation of their children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Austria have got a high degree of response, while in Britain, they obtained a very high degree of response. The study recommended involving all family members in accessing different and creative ways of practicing their native language and activating the role of social media in developing the language affiliation of children.

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The role of melanization in the immune reaction of larvae ofDrosophila algonquinagainstPseudeucoila bochei

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000044413 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

A. J. Nappi

Keyword(s):

Reaction Rate ◽

Immune Reaction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Insect Immunity ◽

Biochemical Reactions ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Early Stages ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Very High

The immune reaction of larvae ofD. algonquinagainstP. bocheiwas characterized either by the melanization and encapsulation of the parasites or by the production of melanized particles. In successful host reactions the eggs of the parasite were killed before they were completely melanized and encapsulated by haemocytes. When host larvae were transferred during the early stages of infection to a diet that contained phenylthiourea (PTU), the incidence of melanization and encapsulation of the parasites was significantly reduced. However, if the hosts were transferred to the diet just before the eggs of the parasite were normally melanized, PTU had virtually no inhibitory effect, and the immune reaction rate remained very high. These results suggest that the biochemical reactions associated with melanization constitute an important part of the immune reaction ofD. algonquin. The data provide additional evidence to support the idea advanced by other workers that the phenoloxidase system plays an important role in insect immunity against some internal metazoan parasites. It is suggested that, during infection, the phenoloxidase system of the haemocytes is activated by hormonal imbalance.

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THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

"EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity" ◽

10.37128/2411-4413-2019-4-11 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Iryna PRIKHNO ◽

Igor CHASTOKOLENKO ◽

Artem MARCHENKO

Keyword(s):

Financial Market ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Financial Intermediation ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Financial Intermediaries ◽

Banking Institutions ◽

Business Entities ◽

State Pension

In today's global economy, financial intermediation is an extremely powerful source of financial resources that can be used for investment purposes, since financial intermediaries can combine temporarily free (unused in the economy) financial resources of different business entities and direct them to those sectors of the economy that need investment. At the same time, financial intermediaries simultaneously provide the movement of financial assets and contribute to the development of the economy. It is proved that the objective need for a study of financial intermediation in Ukraine is to establish such a mechanism for the redistribution of financial resources in the country in order to achieve the maximum level of development of the economy both at the micro level and at the macro level. In Ukraine, the process of reforming the economy continues, including the financial market. The main participants in the financial market are financial intermediaries, which bring together buyers and sellers of financial assets. Activities of financial intermediaries in the financial market can be characterized by the fulfillment of the following main functions: accumulation of savings of economic entities; placing of attracted financial resources in the branches of economy; obtaining profit (own, as well as other economic entities); ensuring economic development. We believe that the main purpose of financial intermediaries is to create a balance in the financial market by matching interests and needs of all participants in the financial market and balancing demand and supply on financial resources. The most common is the division of financial intermediaries into banking institutions (banking sector) and non-bank financial institutions (non-banking financial sector). Currently, in Ukraine, banking institutions are represented by universal and specialized commercial banks of Ukraine, and non-bank financial institutions are represented by insurance and financial companies, credit unions and pawnshops, non-state pension funds and trust companies. According to statistics, the banking sector is larger in terms of assets, while the number of financial market participants is dominated by the non-banking financial sector. The analysis carried out shows an increase in the role of non-bank financial institutions in the financial market. Non-financial sector entities are dominated by financial companies. The article outlines the following main problems of the development of financial intermediation entities in Ukraine: the inconsistency of the financial system of Ukraine with the real sector of the economy, as a result of which the non-banking sector of the economy is not able to fully perform its main functions; the presence in the financial market of institutions that practically do not perform the functions assigned to them, thus creating significant risks for the normal functioning of the market; Ineffective legislation and an ineffective system for overseeing the activities of financial intermediaries, which gives rise to distrust of financial institutions; low level of financial literacy of the population. In order to overcome the problems identified and to provide an effective mechanism for the functioning of financial intermediary institutions in Ukraine, it is proposed to: introduce common rules of conduct in the financial market for banks and non-bank financial institutions, but taking into account the specifics of each type of financial intermediary; to intensify activity in the financial market of investment funds, insurance companies and non-state pension funds; Maximize the attraction of the non-banking financial sector to the development of the real sector of the economy; introduce a reliable mechanism for protecting the funds of the population and business entities; to create a service consulting center for the provision of services by non-bank financial institutions. We believe that the outlined directions for solving the problems of the development of financial intermediation create the basis for its further improvement and promote the activation of their effective activity.

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Key Challenges Facing Modern Finance: Making the Financial Sector Serve Society

Finance Theory and Practice ◽

10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-2-6-21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 6-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. E. Stiglitz

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Tax Competition ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Rent Seeking ◽

Crucial Issue ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Corrosive Effect ◽

Negative Behaviour ◽

Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the broad issue of how to make the financial sector serve society, at least serve it better than it has until now. Finance has been the centre of attention, for better or for worse, for more than a quartercentury, partly because of its increasing share of GDP, and partly because of the negative behaviour and activities of its professionals. The paper is divided into six parts. The first section concerns the necessity of stopping adverse behaviours (activities). Section II presents some measures aimed at encouraging positive activities and promoting positive behaviour. Section III discusses a crucial issue concerning the urgent need to curb rent-seeking. Section IV discusses taxation in the context of the corrosive effect of tax competition. Section V, using analysis provided, presents measures to enhance the role of government in restoring the public’s eroded trust in financial institutions. Finally, Section VI discusses questions about how we can restore trust.

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