scholarly journals Internal Factors behind the Decline of the Marinid Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari ◽  
Ezad Azraai Jamsari ◽  
Napisah Karimah Ismail ◽  
Nursafira Lubis Safian ◽  
Zamri Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
The Stability

The Marinid Kingdom (1215-1465) was an Islamic government which emerged in the Maghreb during medieval time. Inheriting the rule from the Almohads, the Marinids were regarded as a strong and formidable Islamic government which once ruled the entire Maghreb and parts of al-Andalus at the height of its glory. Not unlike previous Muslim governments, the Marinid Kingdom also faced various problems and went through several conflicts which affected its stability and integrity. In fact the conflicts even caused the demise of the Marinid Kingdom in the year 1465 which saw the emergence of the Wattasids. This article is aimed at determining the internal factors which contributed to the decline of the Marinids which led to its eventual demise. This study employed a method of qualitative approach via historical study and content analysis, in particular using primary and secondary sources which focused on events which led to the demise of the kingdom. Results of this study identified several internal factors which contributed to the weakness and the eventual collapse of the Marinid Kingdom. In the present-day context, it is not impossible that the same factors can cause any Muslim countries, as a sovereign state and nation, to become weak and disintegrate should the government and the people fail to cooperate in matters regarding the stability of the country.

THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITALY RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUPRANATIONAL FISCAL REGULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-221
Author(s):  
Dmitrii О. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
Egor’ A. Sergeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Stability And Growth Pact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

The article presents a retrospective analysis of relations between the government of Italy and the European Union institutions in the context of supranational fiscal regulation in 2002–2019. The authors analyze the influence of external and internal factors on the state of public finance in Italy, note the reasons that made it difficult to meet the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact, study the main issues on the agenda in the EU-Italy relations and their evolution. The authors also come to conclusion that unlike the earlier discussions about correcting budget deficit in Italy, current focus of supranational fiscal governance is shifted to preventing it, what challenges the economic sovereignty of Italy and country’s opportunities to conduct a discretionary fiscal policy.

IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KHUSUS (PERDASUS) PROVINSI PAPUA NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DAN HAK PERORANGAN WARGA MASYARAKAT ADAT ATAS TANAH (STUDI KASUS KOTA JAYAPURA DAN KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Ayu Kurnia Utami
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Land Conflict ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

This study discusses Perdasus 23 Year 2008 about individual and communal rights of customary law society over the land through a case study in Jayapura and Biak Numfor. The special local regulation (Perdasus) is a part of the efforts to secure the customary society or the indigenous people of Papua. The aim of this study is to identify how far Perdasus 23 Year 2008 has been implemented in Jayapura and Biak Numfor. The study applies qualitative approach which data is collected through observations, interviews, and content analysis of related documents. The result of this study shows that Perdasus 23 Year 2008 is not implemented thoroughly. Although the regulation is not normatively implemented, it has been practically implemented through the initiatives of Jayapura and Biak Numfor government to carry out conflict resolution program in each region. In doing so, the government of Jayapura has done the communal right mapping of Port Numbay people, while the government of Biak Numfor issues a local regulation (Perbup) about the strategy of land conflict resolution by encouraging of the involvement of customary role and legitimation in the region. Eventhough these activities are not conducted in accordance with Perdasus 23 Year 2008, Jayapura has performed four substances of the “Perdasus”: research, mapping, management and identification, and land conflict resolution. Meanwhile, Biak Numfor regency has performed two substances: communal land management and land conflict resolution though they only fulfill some aspects of these substances when performing research and mapping. There are three aspects affecting the implementation of Perdasus in Jayapura and Biak Numfor. First, ineffective communication both from the policy maker to the policy implementer and from policy implementer to the people that causes confusion to the society regarding the policy. Second, the existing paradigm of local people who still believe that customary law is more powerful than civil law. Last but not the least is Government’s initiative to do an activity to protect the communal right of indigenous people of Papua.

scholarly journals Challenges of Building Information Modelling (BIM) from the Malaysian Architect’s Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Khairool Aizat Ahmad Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Fadhil Mohammad ◽  
Norfashiha Hashim ◽  
Mohamed Rizal Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Adib Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Government

Malaysia is experiencing high economic growth which requires the construction industry to fulfill development demands. Building Information Modelling (BIM) had been widely publicized by the government in order to increase the industry’s productivity by instigating numerous initiatives aimed to spearhead its progression. In contrast with the aspiration, architects as key players of construction industry are still facing issues in adopting BIM into practice. Previous researches had broadly covered about BIM in construction industry, but few concentrations in specific to the local architect thus imposing gap of knowledge. In addressing the issues, the research aim to probe the current state of BIM implementation, primarily on the challenges that hinders its adoption. The BIM factors which covers people, process, policy and technology were derived and investigated through the use of 322 questionnaires distributed to architects at management and operational level. The study revealed the key barriers that contributes towards the problem is within the people factor, where majority highlighted the lacked of skilled and experienced BIM workforce which contributes towards steep learning environment as well as high cost of applying BIM. Consequently, several key strategic solutions had been indicated through both external and internal factors in addressing the challenge of BIM. Results suggested that there is a need of further support from the industry’s professional bodies, development of legal instruments, BIM enforcement, specific BIM education as well as BIM R&D programs.

Mrs Gandhi’s Personalisation of Power, 1966–1975

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-312
Author(s):  
Christophe Jaffrelot ◽  
Pratinav Anil
Keyword(s):  
Power Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Authoritarian Personality ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

This chapter focuses on the internal factors that led to the declaration of the Emergency. It primarily explores Mrs Gandhi’s authoritarian personality and the deinstitutionalisation of the Congress Party. The power structure within the Congress, especially after Mrs Gandhi split the party in 1969, meant that checks and balances ceased to exist. This factionalism enabled her to impose her authoritarian tendencies on the government as safeguards were dismantled. The chapter further explores the relation between authoritarianism and populism. It uses the political situation in India from the late 1960s to the early 1970s as an illustration. Mrs Gandhi, like other populist leaders, was convinced that she was the people of India. This idea was epitomised by D. K. Barooah’s slogan: ‘Indira is India and India is Indira.’

scholarly journals Educational Status of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj District of Odisha in East India : A Psychological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2915-2927
Author(s):  
Fagu Tudu, Ratnakar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Hill

Education in tribal societies has helped in maintenance of social structure and goal attainment for a sustained living. The Hill Kharias are the primitive tribal people of Mayurbhanj of the state of Odisha in Eastern India. The development of education of the Hill Kharia community/society of Mayurbhanj is the main aspect of the improvement of the primitive tribal communities of the state of Odisha. The Government of India issued directions vide the letter. No. 20018 5/81- ITDA dated 27th April 1980 for the identification of Primitive Tribal Groups, keeping in view the facts that attention to certain tribal groups’ backwardness. In India Hill Kharia is one of the primitive tribal groups living mainly in the forest and hilly covered areas of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Mentally, the people of Hill Kharia tribe of Mayurbhanj are very weak, because of lack of proper education, awareness, adequate foodstuffs, for which they are backward in present society. Odisha has possessed a distinct place in tribal history of India and it is the home of a number of different types of tribes. Different development programmes for education have been implemented through the different govt. or Non govt. agencies. On the basis of field study made by the earlier scholars including the present authors, the Hill Kharias are residing in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The aim of this paper is to focus on educational status of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Methodologically, both the primary and secondary sources have been used in the present article.

scholarly journals Religious Harmony Construct Amid A Plural Community in East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-210
Author(s):  
Dina Mardiana ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Asyraf Isyraqi Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The People ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collection Methods

This study examined the harmonization of five religions (Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) that are adhered to by the people of Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java. This village has an important role, as it becomes the first area in Batu, East Java – that implement and develop the concept of religious pluralism and harmonization in one village area thus it has been awarded as “A Village that is Aware of Religious Harmony” from the government of Batu. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the constructs of religious harmony that have been successfully established in Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java. The theory underlying this study is Nurcholis Madjid’s theory of humanist pluralism. This study used a qualitative approach to produce descriptive data in the form of oral, written, and observable behavior. Through three data collection methods (observation, in-depth interview, a study of documents), this study concludes that the religious harmony construct of the Mojorejo Village community is established from a pattern of accustoming mutual respect among villagers which is carried out both naturally and sustainably. This continuity manifests through cooperation in three ways: religious, social, and cultural cooperation so that it can lead to the emerge of perspectives, ideas, and a social environment capable of maintaining and preserving religious plurality in harmony. Therefore, the application of religious harmony in Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java can be used as an alternative solution for other areas in locating and facilitating religious plurality so that it remains harmonious amid a pluralistic community.

scholarly journals Potensi Kontribusi Institusi Pendidikan Islam Terhadap Perkembangan Bank Syari'ah di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Amimah Oktarina ◽  
Asnaini Asnaini
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Great Support ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government

Banking is a functioning institution in gathering and channeling public funds effectively and efficiently in order to improve equity, economic growth and national stability towards improving the standard of living of the people. Market share (market share) of Islamic banking in Indonesia is considered still small when compared to other majority Muslim countries. Currently the Indonesian sharia banking market share is only around 5.7 percent. But so far, the form of support from the Government to strengthen the role of Islamic education institutions in the utilization of Islamic banking in Indonesia is still very minimal. Therefore, this paper will reveal the potential of Islamic education institutions in developing Islamic banking in Indonesia. With the library method, an in-depth study of the topics discussed is conducted. The results of his discussion that the number of PTKIN in Indonesia as many as 58 PTKIN spread throughout Indonesia both UIN, IAIN, and STAIN. To increase the rate of development of Islamic banking, namely the Political Will Government to provide great support in the field of cooperation in Islamic Education Institutions with Islamic banking as a service used for payment traffic and community Break Up Trust towards Islamic banking by directing students especially to become sharia banking customers.

scholarly journals Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Perbatasan Sebagai Tolak Ukur Efektivitas Keadilan di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Gede Yudiarta Wiguna ◽  
Siti Safa’ati Rohmah ◽  
Gusti Ayu Indira Syahrani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Border Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Type

This article was written with the aim of discussing the situation of the people who live on the borders of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which are classified as far from the reach of the government regarding justice and justice. The lack of concern for the conditions of life in the border region is a rebellion which has an effect on the sense or spirit of people's nationalism towards their own homeland. The method used in this article is a case study type qualitative approach. This article explains the definition of justice obtained from accountable sources and in this article discusses the conditions and situations of the people who live in the border area as a measure for the realization of equitable justice and justice. This article can later be used as a reference in realizing the welfare and justice of communities in border areas.

scholarly journals Prinsip-prinsip Islam Tentang Demokrasi : Studi Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid Tahun 1970-2005

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-133
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
Research Results ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Real Effort ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islam And Democracy

This article is a summary of research results written using descriptive and holistic methods. By reviewing primary and secondary sources to obtain accurate and clear data that contains: Islamic principles of democracy in the struggle of Nurcholish Madjid, Islamic Principles about Democracy in Learning Applying Islamic Principles about democracy in Indonesia. Democracy requires real effort from every citizen and its supporting devices, namely a conducive culture as a manifestation of a society's thinking and design to create democracy as a view of life in the country both by the people and the government. The regularity of the background, the importance of this article is discussed. This article will discuss more about discussing Nurcholish Madjid about Islam and democracy.

scholarly journals Learning Lessons, Challenges, Impacts & Solutions on the Path of Recovery from Covid-19 in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Poonam R L Rana
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The research study focuses on the impact of Covid-19 on Tourism in Nepal and looks into the challenges to face in the path of recovery and to bring to light the lessons learned from COVID 19. It is qualitative in nature including both primary and secondary sources. 50 respondents were chosen as samples. The results showed that, there was drastic impact on tourism sector affecting national economy, It has brought to light various challenges to be faced in path of recovery and the greatest lesson learnt is that the government should develop its health sector and the people should always be strong and prepared to face any disaster or pandemics at all times. Solutions are provided in form of recommendations.

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