scholarly journals Analysis of Prospects and Challenges of Sub-District Structures under Ghana’s Local Governance System

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forkuor ◽  
Prince Osei Wusu Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grassroots Development ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Lack Of Commitment

<p>The research investigated into the operations and activities of the sub-district structures of local government in Ghana. Three districts in the Asante Region were studied using a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. In addition to literature review, a sample size of 79 was used and responses from mainly the Chairmen of the sub-district structures represented the primary data. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Results from the analysis indicated that sub-district structures are confronted with a number of constraints that militate against the realization of their potential  for inducing grassroots development. The constraints include: poor or no office accommodation, lack of commitment from district assemblies and sub-metropolitan units to provide the needed assistance to the sub-district structures. However, the Unit Committees representing the last tier of the local government structure are more effective and efficient in keeping touch with the grassroots than the Town, Area, Zonal and Urban councils. Recommendations are made to the Local Government Ministry but worthy of note among the recommendations are the urgent need to officially inaugurate all sub-district structures that have not been inaugurated and initiate a process to review the Legislative Instrument establishing Sub-district structures in Ghana.</p>

scholarly journals Local Government: Constitutional Vision and Present Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Krishna Man Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Allocation System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Present Practice

Is it local government or local level unit of provincial and federal level governments? The constitution is still unclear. The constitution has not any provision of opposition party but it has executive, legislative and judiciary power allocation system of the organs of a government. To explore the vision and practice of local governance in Nepal, the study has been conducted. The methodology consists of analyzing primary and secondary sources. Primary data have been collected through field discussions with the stakeholders. Regarding the local governance various recommendations are presented in conclusion.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DOSAGE ON RETENTION IN PATIENTS METHADONE MAINTENANCE THERAPY PROGRAM FOR MAINTENANCE PHASE OF H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Robiatun Rambe ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Citra Julita Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional

  Objective: This study aims to see the effect of methadone dose on patient retention in following the program.Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical study with cross-sectional study design. Data obtained from the patient’s medical record and patient’s primary data. The study was conducted at Methadone Clinic of H.Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Results: The number of research samples is injecting drug users who follow PTRM as many as 39 people. From a study of 39 patients, the percentage of male patients (100%) was obtained; age between 25 and 35 years (64.1%); junior high school education equal to 84.6%; already married 46.2%; already working 69.2%; and the distance of the average residence with the clinic is 16.93 km. The results showed that the smallest maintenance dose of maintenance phase was 2 mg; the largest maintenance dose in the maintenance phase was 165 mg; the mean maintenance stage dose of 62.35 mg with a retention value >2 years or more (>730 days) was 79.5%.Conclusion: There was a significant effect on retention which is the biggest maintenance dose with p=0.04 value and take home dose with p=0.027. Percentage of drug use and other substances that is benzodiazepines (BZO) (64,1%); amphetamines (AMP) (38.5%); methamphetamine (MET) (20.5%); and THC (20.5%). There was no significant effect between the use of other substance to retention with p value of BZO (0.389); p AMP (0.360); p MET (0.195); and p THC (0.470). It can be concluded that the greater the dose of methadone has an effect on its retention.

scholarly journals Local Governments as Training Ground for National Political Leadership in Nigeria: A Study of Yewa South Local Government

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Ajibade Olalekan Eyitayo ◽  
Olabode Bolanle Motunrayo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
The One

The study examines the role of local governments as a training ground for national political leadership in Nigeria expending Yewa South Local Government as a study. Survey research design was adopted in conducting this research and relies on primary and secondary sources for data collection. The population for this study consists of employees of Yewa South Local Government council. The primary data came from the one hundred and six (106) questionnaires that were administered to the respondents. The research showed that local governments serve as a training ground for national political leadership in Nigeria expending Yewa South Local Government as a research. This was further supported when out of 102 respondents sampled, 40% of the respondents strongly agreed that indigenous government functions as guidance in lieu of national political leadership. The aforementioned was also discovered that local governments have significantly facilitated national political leadership in Nigeria. The paper concludes by saying that ifthe qualities of governance defies in Nigeria are to be transcended, Nigerian frontrunners must eschew self-regarding inclinations and stimulate the conjoint good of the Nigerian people through people oriented governance. The paper therefore recommends that concerted exertions must be geared in the direction of certifying that they are audacious and determined leaders, fortified to tackle these challenges: reviving local governance; guaranteeing resilient democratic culpability; constructing civil society; creating hard-hitting choices amid compressions; decentralizing power to indigenous people; endorsing equality; and undertaking disparity.

An Empirical Study of the Financial Mismanagement of Internally Generated Revenue in Ife South Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria

Think India ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Adeola Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Level ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This study focused on financial mismanagement of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) in Ife South Local Government. It also identified viable sources of revenue in the local government and examined problems militating against effective collection of revenue. This study was necessitated by the need to ensure increased revenue generation in Ife South local government of Osun State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary sources of data were utilized for the study. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaires. Respondents were selected from career officers in GL. 03-16 in departments and units of finance and supplies, administration, primary healthcare, agriculture, town planning and estate valuation of the local government, thus 180 respondents were sampled representing 29.31% of 614 staff strength of these departments and units of the local government. The questionnaires were administered using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency and percentage value. The study revealed that there are many viable and non-viable sources of revenue in Ife South local government, the myriad of problems militating against effective collection of the revenue and the poor financial management of internally generated revenue which aptly explains why the local government could not be developed. The study concluded that the share of local government from the statutory allocation be increased, routine auditing and post-auditing from the supervising ministry should be encouraged at the local government level and that the local government should also intensify her effort on increase revenue generation in order to withstand the challenges posed by the current global economic crisis.

Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan ◽  
Iara Fiorentin Comunello ◽  
Constanza Marín ◽  
Eduardo Mazzetti Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.

Studies on mosquito density in urban Kano: a study to calculate larval indices in municipal area of Gwale, Kano, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Umar ◽  
A.H. Dankaka ◽  
M. Manjur Shah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Water Holding

The study is carried out to standardize larval indices namely House Index, Container Index and Breteau Index and also to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in and around the Gwale Local government area of  Kano, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study by selecting 50 houses randomly from the 6 wards of Municipality was employed. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors were counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format. In this study, 300 houses were surveyed in 21 days out of which 94.33% (283 houses) were found to have potential sources for mosquito breeding. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level. House Index = 28.67%; Container Index = 12.14%; Breteau Index = 64.00% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. The area is prone to mosquito borne disease like malaria and therefore warrants interventions from the competent.

scholarly journals Perception of the health surveillance users on the health electronic surveillance network (HESN), Saudi Arabia, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayid K. Almayahi ◽  
Fahad Alswaidi ◽  
Abdullah Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Level ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The established aim of the Saudi Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) is to support the prevention and control of different health events, and to facilitate the delivery of other public health programs. This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of active HESN users regarding its general performance through five major components: practicability, design, data and communication, technical support, and general impression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 using a sample of active HESN users. Out of 1535 active users, 700 were randomly selected. A predesigned electronic questionnaire was sent to each participant via email which was completed by 485 participants. Different composite scores were calculated and compared to the sociodemographic and other technical variables. Results The mean age of the participants was 36.92 ± 9.12 (24–65 years), and 57.8% of the sample were male. Riyadh and the KSA’s eastern province represented the highest two regions of participation, at (18.4%) and (14.2%) participants, respectively. About 70.8% were generally satisfied with HESN, while 86.6%% believed that it is better than the traditional paper-work system. Participants who used to work more frequently expressed more level of satisfaction compared to those with minimal use per week or month (P ≤ 0.001). Internet speed displayed a significant association with the general level of satisfaction with HESN (P < 0.001). Additionally, users who accessed HESN with the Google Chrome browser displayed higher levels of satisfaction when compared to users who relied on other browsers (P = 0.003). Conclusion Presently, the level of user satisfaction with HESN is reasonable. However, to achieve optimal outcomes for HESN usage, improvements should be considered.

Measuring Parental Barriers to Childhood Immunizations: The Development and Validation of the Searching for Hardships and Obstacles to Shots (SHOTS) Instrument

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria P. Niederhauser
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Immunizations ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Parental Barriers

There is a plethora of literature on barriers to immunizations; however, these studies lack standardization of measurement. The aim of this study was to develop and establish an initial psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure parental barriers to childhood immunizations. This was a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, reliability estimates, item analysis, and factor analysis. Six hundred and fifty-five participants completed the survey. The Searching for Hardships and Obstacles to Shots instrument was developed with 60 items and reduced to 23 items thorough multiple statistical computations; the best factor model was a three-factor solution (Access to Shots, Concerns About Shots, and Importance of Shots) with a total variance explained of 59.4%. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability estimates ranged from .86 to .93, and temporal stability was adequate (r = .85). This study supports exceptional initial psychometric properties of an instrument to measure parental barriers to childhood immunizations.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Clean Water Sources And The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Kampung Baru Resident At Ngagelrejo Wonokromo Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
I Made Subhawa Harsa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Abstract Water is a good medium for bacterial growth, so that contamination is happening especially if less attention in terms of hygiene and sanitation. The use of bed water sources can increase the risk of diarrhea. Diarrhea is one of the environmentally based disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Kampung Baru village located around Jagir Kali Surabaya Most people are in the middle to low socioeconomic level.  The lifestyle of them, also pays less attention to environmental hygiene and sanitation, so that it can cause water pollution which can increase the risk of diarrhea. This study was an observational analytic cross sectional study. Entire study population villagers of Kampung Baru. A sample of 75 respondents drawn with simple random sampling technique. The data used is primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Data analysis using the Spearman rank test with a significance level (α = 0.1). The results showed that 53,3% affected diarrhea and 46,7% didn’t affected (P =0.087, r=0.463). The results showed a medium correlation between the source of water with the incidence of diarrhea in Kampung Baru Resident At Ngagelrejo Wonokromo Surabaya. Keyword : Diarrhae, Water Sanitation

Remediation of the challenges of reporting corporate scandals in governance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Kris Hilton ◽  
Helen Arkorful
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Scandals ◽  
High Power Distance

Purpose The barrage of corporate scandals has become pervasive such that it collapsed high-profile organizations worldwide. Prior studies show that reporters of corporate scandals encounter a number of challenges which discourages them from disclosing wrongful acts to appropriate authorities to effect action. Thus, this study aims to examine the remediation of the challenges of reporting corporate scandals in governance. Design/methodology/approach The study used cross-sectional survey design. Primary data was obtained from 400 employees of selected organizations and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression techniques in Statistical Package of Social Science. Findings The results confirm that reporters of corporate scandals are confronted with challenges such as victimization, fear, suspension/dismissal, sideline and high power distance. However, these challenges can be remediated through award, code of conduct, free expression, participation/consultation and safeguard regulations to encourage and protect reporters of corporate scandals. Practical implications The findings imply that there should be an award scheme for reporters, and this must be made known to all employees. Furthermore, code of conduct for employees should include reporting of scandals together with its associated benefits and sanctions. Also, organizations would have to practice consultative/participatory governance system to minimize the effect of high power distance. Finally, regulations should be enacted and enforced to safeguard reporters of corporate scandals. Originality/value This research consolidated the challenges associated with reporting corporate scandals and provides remedies to curtail such challenges so as to encourage employees to report corporate scandals.

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