Trends in research and collaboration in the Canadian Model Forest Network, 1993–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (03) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bonnell
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Or Organization

A fundamental principle of the Model Forest concept focuses on the generation and sharing of knowledge through research, innovation and collaboration. Over 380 papers, published in journals, have been identified that are based on research and other activities supported by a Model Forest in Canada. Bibliometrics is a research method used to measure scientific output, level of influence of a researcher or organization, changes in research focus and levels of collaboration between researchers and organizations. This study presents an analysis of research trends and collaborative research activity within the Canadian Model Forest Network from 1993 to 2010 based on journal articles produced during that time period. The analysis shows publication of research varies among Model Forests and individual projects. The most significant result is a clear trend towards increased national-level collaboration in research activities with the Canadian Forest Service and various universities acting as key hubs in the publication of the results of Model Forest-supported research.

scholarly journals A bibliometric study of human–computer interaction research activity in the Nordic-Baltic Eight countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Eika Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Computer Interaction

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) has become an important area for designers and developers worldwide, and research activities set in national cultural contexts addressing local challenges are often needed in industry and academia. This study explored HCI research in the Nordic-Baltic countries using bibliometric methods. The results show that the activity varies greatly across the region with activities dominated by Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, even when adjusting for differences in population size and GDP. Research output variations were larger for the top-tier conferences compared to entry-tier conferences and journals. Locally hosted conferences were associated with local increases in research activity. HCI research longevity appears to be an indicator of research maturity and quantity. HCI researchers typically collaborated either with colleagues within the same institution or with researchers from countries outside the Nordic-Baltic region such as US and the UK. There was less collaboration between national and Nordic-Baltic partners. Collaboration appeared especially prevalent for top-tier conference papers. Top-tier conference papers were also more frequently cited than regional-tier and entry-tier conferences, yet journal articles were cited the most. One implication of this study is that the HCI research activity gaps across the Nordic-Baltic countries should be narrowed by increasing the activity in countries with low research outputs. To achieve this, first-time authors could receive guidance through collaborations with experienced authors in the same institution or other labs around the world. More conferences could also be hosted locally. Furthermore, journals may be more effective than conferences if the goal is to accumulate citations.

Improving medical student recruitment to neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lubelski ◽  
Roy Xiao ◽  
Debraj Mukherjee ◽  
William W. Ashley ◽  
Timothy Witham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
National Level ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Student Recruitment ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lecture Series ◽  
Mentorship Programs

OBJECTIVENeurosurgery seeks to attract the best and brightest medical students; however, there is often a lack of early exposure to the field, among other possible barriers. The authors sought to identify successful practices that can be implemented to improve medical student recruitment to neurosurgery.METHODSUnited States neurosurgery residency program directors were surveyed to determine the number of medical student rotators and medical students matching into a neurosurgery residency from their programs between 2010 and 2016. Program directors were asked about the ways their respective institutions integrated medical students into departmental clinical and research activities.RESULTSComplete responses were received from 30/110 institutions. Fifty-two percent of the institutions had neurosurgery didactic lectures for 1st- and 2nd-year medical students (MS1/2), and 87% had didactics for MS3/4. Seventy-seven percent of departments had a neurosurgery interest group, which was the most common method used to integrate medical students into the department. Other forms of outreach included formal mentorship programs (53%), lecture series (57%), and neurosurgery anatomy labs (40%). Seventy-three percent of programs provided research opportunities to medical students, and 57% indicated that the schools had a formal research requirement. On average, 3 medical students did a rotation in each neurosurgery department and 1 matched into neurosurgery each year. However, there was substantial variability among programs. Over the 2010–2016 period, the responding institutions matched as many as 4% of the graduating class into neurosurgery per year, whereas others matched 0%–1%. Departments that matched a greater (≥ 1% per year) number of medical students into neurosurgery were significantly more likely to have a neurosurgery interest group and formal research requirements. A greater percentage of high-matching programs had neurosurgery mentorship programs, lecture series, and cadaver training opportunities compared to the other institutions.CONCLUSIONSIn recent decades, the number of applicants to neurosurgery has decreased. A major deterrent may be the delayed exposure of medical students to neurosurgery. Institutions with early preclinical exposure, active neurosurgery interest groups, research opportunities, and strong mentorship recruit and match more students into neurosurgery. Implementing such initiatives on a national level may increase the number of highly qualified medical students pursuing neurosurgery.

scholarly journals A holistic approach to the productivity paradox

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Rune Wigblad ◽  
John Lewer ◽  
Magnus Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Management Control ◽  
New Order ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Or Organization

Both the public and private sectors have since the 1980s relentlessly cut the size of their workforces. The downsizing has regularly been reported to lead to closure of a whole or a part of a corporation or organization. Some studies which have analyzed the closures have reported that remarkable, counterintuitive improvements in labor productivity occurred during the time-period between the closure announcement and the final working day. Testing an elaborated cybernetic model on a Swedish case study, and on an exploratory basis, this paper proposes a holistic approach to generate a better understanding of this phenomenon. The main holistic pattern is a new order where management control is replaced by more “Self-management” on the plant level, and very strong psychological reactions based on feelings of unfairness.

scholarly journals The contribution of the Italian residents in neurology to the COVID-19 crisis: admirable generosity but neurological training remains their priority

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Tassorelli ◽  
Vincenzo Silani ◽  
Alessandro Padovani ◽  
Paolo Barone ◽  
Paolo Calabresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Training And Research

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the Italian healthcare system, underscoring a dramatic shortage of specialized doctors in many disciplines. The situation affected the activity of the residents in neurology, who were also offered the possibility of being formally hired before their training completion. Aims (1) To showcase examples of clinical and research activity of residents in neurology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and (2) to illustrate the point of view of Italian residents in neurology about the possibility of being hired before the completion of their residency program. Results Real-life reports from several areas in Lombardia—one of the Italian regions more affected by COVID-19—show that residents in neurology gave an outstanding demonstration of generosity, collaboration, reliability, and adaptation to the changing environment, while continuing their clinical training and research activities. A very small minority of the residents participated in the dedicated selections for being hired before completion of their training program. The large majority of them prioritized their training over the option of earlier employment. Conclusions Italian residents in neurology generously contributed to the healthcare management of the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways, while remaining determined to pursue their training. Neurology is a rapidly evolving clinical field due to continuous diagnostic and therapeutic progress. Stakeholders need to listen to the strong message conveyed by our residents in neurology and endeavor to provide them with the most adequate training, to ensure high quality of care and excellence in research in the future.

scholarly journals A Review of Mormon Studies in China

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Hongmeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Mitt Romney ◽  
High Level

Mormon studies in China began in the early 1990s and can be divided into three phases between the years of 2004 and 2017. The first Master’s and Doctoral theses on Mormonism were both published in 2004, and journal articles have also been increasing in frequency since then. The year of 2012 saw a peak, partly because Mormon Mitt Romney won the Republican nomination for the 2012 US presidential election. In 2017, a national-level project, Mormonism and its Bearings on Current Sino-US Relations, funded by the Chinese government, was launched. However, Mormon studies in China is thus far still in its infancy, with few institutions and a small number of scholars. Academic works are limited in number, and high-level achievements are very few. Among the published works, the study of the external factors of Mormonism is far more prevalent than research on its internal factors. Historical, sociological, and political approaches far exceed those of philosophy, theology, and history of thoughts. To Mormon studies, Chinese scholars can and should be making unique contributions, but the potential remains to be tapped.

scholarly journals Graphic design and scientific research: the INGV experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Riposati ◽  
Giuliana D'Addezio ◽  
Francesca Di Laura ◽  
Valeria Misiti ◽  
Patrizia Battelli
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Product Package

Abstract. Part of the INGV activity is focused on the production of resources concerning Educational and Outreach projects on Geophysics and natural hazard topics. The forefront results of research activity, in fact, are periodically transferred to the public through an intense and comprehensive plan of scientific dissemination. In the past 15 years, graphic and visual communication has become an essential point of reference supporting institutional and research activities. Positive experiences are the result of a strict relationship between graphic design and scientific research, in particular the process concerning the collaborative work between designers and researchers. In projects such as the realization of museum exhibition or the production of illustrative brochures, generally designed for broad-spectrum public, the goal is to make easier the understanding and to support the scientific message, making concepts enjoyable and fruitful through the emotional involvement that visual image can arouse. The graphics and editorial products, through composition of signs and images by using different tools (colors, form, lettering) on different media (print, video, web), link to create a strong identity INGV style, in order to make them easily recognizable in Educational and Outreach projects. A project product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes and color, which unify the piece. Color is used not only to help the logo stand out from the international overview, but in our case to have a unifying outcome across all the INGV sections. A recent and stimulating experience has been the collaboration between INGV project design and its reference scientific community in order to create edu-games, products specifically designed for scientific dissemination. The edu-games have been designed to be an efficient combination of educational content and playful communicative aspects, with the aim therefore to learn while having fun.

scholarly journals The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 2: Seasonal variations and compensation point modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9627-9675 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Flechard ◽  
C. Spirig ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
C. Ammann
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Central Switzerland

Abstract. The net annual NH3 exchange budget of a fertilised, cut grassland in Central Switzerland is presented. The observation-based budget was computed from semi-continuous micrometeorological fluxes over a time period of 16 months and using a process-based gap-filling procedure. The data for emission peak events following the application of cattle slurry and for background exchange were analysed separately to distinguish short-term perturbations from longer-term ecosystem functioning. A canopy compensation point model of background exchange is parameterised on the basis of measured data and applied for the purposes of gap-filling. The data show that, outside fertilisation events, grassland behaves as a net sink for atmospheric NH3 with an annual dry deposition flux of −3.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1, although small NH3 emissions by the canopy were measured in dry daytime conditions. The median Γs ratio in the apoplast (=[NH4+]/[H+]) estimated from micrometeorological measurements was 620, equivalent to a stomatal compensation point of 1.3 μg NH3 m−3 at 15°C. Non-stomatal resistance to deposition Rw was shown to increase with temperature and decrease with surface relative humidity, and Rw values were among the highest published for European grasslands, consistent with a relatively high ratio of NH3 to acid gases in the boundary layer at this site. Since the gross annual NH3 emission by slurry spreading was of the order of +20 kg N ha−1 yr−1, the fertilised grassland was a net NH3 source of +17 kg N ha−1 yr−1. A comparison with the few other measurement-based budget values from the literature reveals considerable variability, demonstrating both the influence of soil, climate, management and grassland type on the NH3 budget and the difficulty of scaling up to the national level.

scholarly journals Problems, essence and forms of students’ research activity organization in the system of higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Oksana Yurievna Brazhnik ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Batrachenko
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Scientific Research Work ◽  
Work Intensification ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Competencies Development

This paper describes features of students research activities organization. The authors consider possibilities of research use while studying the courses of the variable part of the educational program. This paper focuses on the role of industrial practice in the implementation of research activities. The approximate content of practices programs, as well as the typology of tasks aimed at research work intensification is given. The authors emphasize the role of research activities for general professional and professional competencies development. The paper also considers peculiarities of estimation and ways of scientific-research work optimization while studying for the Masters degree. The conducted studies have shown that the assessment of competencies development can be carried out on various indicators, the following indicators are of fundamental importance: practical nature of scientific and innovative activity (participation in fundamental landscape and geographical research, modernization and creation of landscape programs of general scientific and applied importance), originality of the idea and creative approach, use of the latest technologies of landscape planning and design.

scholarly journals Young Scientists’ Motivation for the Research Activity in Russian Regional Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 122-153
Author(s):  
R. A. Dolzhenko ◽  
V. A. Karpilianskii ◽  
R. A. Hady ◽  
A. S. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Young Researchers

Introduction. In modern Russian science, there is a contradiction between the need for workforce rejuvenation and the orientation of the existing system on established scientists, whose interest in conducting breakthrough research has been weakened. Most promising young researchers are deprived of the freedom to independently choose the field of application of their abilities; also, scientists do not have access to resources to solve complex innovative problems and cannot directly represent the products of their work to those people, who may need them. As a rule, young scientists’ research interests are usually limited by the agenda dictated by scientific supervisors; the list of grant contests available for participation is extremely small; formalised requirements of postgraduate studies and thesis defence are conservative and full of outdated rules. In particular, all the above-mentioned problems are evident in the regions.The aim of the work is to highlight young scientists’ (e.g. employees of provincial scientific and educational organisations) motivational factors influencing the research on relevant topics and conditions for success in such research activities.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework is based on the systemic approach, which involves a comparative analysis method and a hypothetical-deductive method. The empirical material was collected through questionnaire and expert surveys. The cluster sampling involved 148 young scientists (Doctors of Sciences under 40 years old, Candidates of Sciences under 35 years old, postgraduate students and researchers without a degree under 30 years old). In-depth interviews were conducted with the most successful respondents (N = 20) to comprehensively assess the factors of their professional activity, since it is the leaders, who primarily determine the effectiveness of functioning system.Results and scientific novelty. The motivation of a young scientist is considered as a key factor in the productivity of his or her research behaviour, which, in turn, depends on the needs of the individual and the degree of his or her satisfaction with self-realisation in the process of targeted scientific search. The authors formulated a number of hypotheses regarding the motivation of young scientists and the reasons for the decreased scientific activity in recent years based on the analysis of statistics on the state and dynamics of research activities in Russia as a whole, in regions and in individual institutions; on the comparative indicators of such activity and the benchmarking of its best practices beforehand, in the course of the pilot study (in February-March 2018). The authors developed and validated survey tools in order to test the assumptions and to check the final list of assumptions, which included a questionnaire and a list of expert assessments. The generalisation of results based on the questionnaire and the interviews of young researchers made it possible to specify their motivational features and to identify the structural core. There is a clear discrepancy between the desire of respondents to engage in research and the opportunities provided at the state and regional levels, and in the scientific and educational organisations. Traditional support mechanisms for young scientists do not allow using their research and personal potential adequately. The lack of due attention to young scientific personnel will have long-term negative consequences not only for the Russian science, but also for the entire production and economic sector of the country.Practical significance. The proposals and recommendations are made to adjust the management of research activities in the regions and to revise the research policy in order to implement the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF RESEARCH MOTIVATION AND SKILLS AT STUDENTS IN MULTILEVEL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Наталья Александровна Храмова ◽  
Надежда Георгиевна Пфаненштиль
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье проанализировано основное различие понятий учебно-исследовательской и научно-исследовательской деятельности. Основной проблемой является развитие мотивации к учебной научно-исследовательской деятельности учащихся. Выявлено, что на мотивационную готовность студентов к научно-исследовательской деятельности могут оказывать влияние многие факторы, рассмотрено их воздействие. В статье приведены различные студенческие мероприятия, которые могут способствовать повышению мотивации учащихся к исследовательской деятельности. Выявлены, проанализированы научно-исследовательские умения и их компоненты (операционный, содержательный, мотивационный). Реализация в профессиональной подготовке традиционных форм обучения (лекции, лабораторные, практические, семинарские занятия, коллоквиумы, курсовые и дипломные работы, консультации, индивидуальные занятия) помогает овладению учащимися научной информацией, но не всегда способствует формированию необходимых умений и навыков. Очевидно, что внедрение новых теоретических обобщений в учебный процесс (чтение преподавателями проблемных лекций, введение новых теоретических разделов по наиболее актуальным проблемам современной науки, расширение перечня учебной литературы и интернет-источников, освоение новых методик исследования, подготовка мультимедийных презентаций) повысит интерес студентов к исследовательской деятельности. Образовательный процесс будет проходить более успешно, если в вузе сформирована эффективная образовательная и научно-исследовательская среда, направленная на развитие личности студента. This article analyzes the main difference between the concepts of educational research activity and research activity. The main problem is the development of motivation for educational research activities at students. The authors revealed that many factors can influence students’ motivation readiness for research activities; considered the impact of those factors. The article presents various student activities that can help to increase students’ motivation for research activities; identifies and analyzes the research skills and their components (operational, content, motivation). The implementation of traditional forms of education in professional training (lectures, laboratory, practical, seminars, colloquiums, term papers and theses, consultations, individual classes) helps students master scientific information, but does not always contribute to the formation of the necessary skills. It is obvious that the introduction of new theoretical generalizations in the educational process (delivering of problem lectures, introduction of new theoretical units on the most relevant problems of modern science, expanding the list of educational literature and Internet sources, development of new research methods, multimedia presentations) will increase the interest of students in research activities. The educational process will be more successful if the University has an effective educational and research environment aimed at the development of the student’s personality.

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