scholarly journals State of Civil Society Development in Mongolia

2013 ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Undarya
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Conducive Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Mongolia’s civil society has been much praised by observers, mostly foreign, for its strength and vibrancy. While these glowing accounts do have some merit, it is important to take a more sober look at not so conducive environment – political, cultural, economic and financial,- which could severely undermine the future of Mongolia’s civil society. Yet, given the current position of Mongolia, standing to gain from its mining boom, the presence of a strong, well resourced, effective and ethical civil society may be the key factor for determining the country’s course towards equitable and democratic development or essentially a corrupt police state with a small elite ruling over the poor masses. With this thought in mind, this article will review the development of the Mongolian civil society, particularly its environment and structure. The article will rely on the latest available comprehensive study of civil society in Mongolia, produced using the CIVICUS’s Civil Society Index (CSI) methodology.1 Although the CSI study was conducted in 2004-2005, civil society stakeholders agree that its main findings still hold.2 Whenever necessary and possible, the study findings shall be updated with more recent data and analysis. Given the diversity and complexity of the broader civil society field, and considering the vital role played in this field by human rights (including women’s rights) and pro-democracy advocacy NGOs, the article will focus more on this particular sub-field. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i18.70 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.18 2013: 52-68

scholarly journals Structural transformation and productivity in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Fonseca da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Modern Services

AbstractThis article examines the effects of sectorial shifts and structural transformation on the recent productivity path of Latin America. We use a four-sector (agriculture, industry, modern services and traditional services) general equilibrium model calibrated to the main economies in the region. The model very closely replicates labor reallocations across sectors and the growth of aggregate labor productivity from 1950 to 2005. Structural transformation explains a sizeable portion of the region’s convergence in the first decades. In most cases, the poor performance of the traditional services sector is the main cause of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in the region after the mid-1970s and is a key factor in explaining the divergence during this period.

Eine komplexe Friedenstheologie und Friedensethik

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mierzwa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Preferential Option ◽  
Religionless Christianity ◽  
The Relationship

Peace has to be thought of in a more complex way, which is mainly stimulated by women from civil society. Many questions can no longer be addressed in a thematically and politically isolated or delimited way; chains of action and challenges are too interwoven. So far, too little attention has been paid to the preferential option for the poor, the approach of religionless Christianity and a feminist-liberation-theological-pacifist approach. Topics that are more marginal, such as a peace-ethical approach to money and the relationship between peace and health, are also addressed. Finally, the difficult question of how far one may still cooperate with the state when one is on the trail of peace is explored.

Child Combatants of the Maoist People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Nepal: A Human Rights Perspective, 1996–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Meher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Poor ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Human Rights Violation ◽  
Major Target

The study analyzes involvement of children in the decade-long Maoist armed conflict in Nepal, an issue of grave human rights violations. An armed conflict affects all sections of the society irrespective of caste, class, gender, region, and religion. However, children have been one of the most vulnerable groups in the Maoist conflict in Nepal. The decade-long Maoist conflict in Nepal has various implications on children such as disruption of education, separation from families, killing and maiming, illegal detention, disability resulting from the conflict, etc. Thus, there has been gross human rights violation of children during the conflict. But one of the worst forms of implications of the Maoist conflict has been the recruitment of children as combatants by the Maoist Army, otherwise known as the People’s Liberation Army, formed in 2001, in their fight against the state forces, which is the focus of this study. The article explores how the poor disadvantaged children have been the major target of recruitment by the Maoist. It discusses the role played by the child recruits during the conflict. Besides, it examines the role played particularly by the United Nations as well as the Nepali civil societies in the protection, rehabilitation, and reintegration of children into the civil society.

scholarly journals Government relations and public administration in Ukraine: the latest forms of interaction between government and business

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
S. A. Kvitka
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Difference

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of government relations (GR) mechanisms in the system of interaction between government and business. GR is considered in comparison with lobbying, public relations and public affairs. The article notes that GR creates new opportunities for ensuring coordination of the interests of power, business and civil society in Ukraine. In this sense, GR is a socially important mechanism for the democratic development of the society, since it enables businesses and civil society institutions to influence government decisions.At this time, some authors associate GR with lobbyism, believing that these concepts are identical. However, the difference in these areas is significant. Unlike traditional forms of lobbyism, which are closely linked to interpersonal interaction with politicians and civil servants, GR has a number of strategic advantages.First, in public consciousness in Ukraine, lobbyism, in contrast to GR, practically became synonymous with corruption, since the contacts of interested persons with the representatives of the political establishment take place behind the scenes. The secrecy of this process leads to the effect of negative perception in the social consciousness.Secondly, lobbying leads to the dependence of subjects of lobbying on personalities in power structures, on their subjective preferences and wishes. This negatively affects long-term planning, and also places market participants in an uneven position, for example, when state broadcasting is distributed in favor of one of the participants.Thirdly, the feature of GR is the constant use of new innovative communication technologies that come from foresight, marketing, PR and electoral campaigns.The article concludes that GR in Ukraine is an important tool for dialogue between the state and business, on which depends: the quality of public administration, the market conditions, the conditions of competition, the development of business in general. Such a dialogue requires legislative protection and mechanisms for the adoption of binding decisions for all parties on the basis of it, because a perspective-oriented business first of all expects from the authorities the stable rules of the game and their observance by all players. It is the practice of GR in Ukraine that meets the stated requirements and goals.

scholarly journals Islamic Civil Society in Indonesia: Analysis of the Accommodative Politics during the Soeharto New Order Regime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Kusmanto ◽  
Mif Rohim Noyo Sarkun
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Main Element ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Islamic Society

This article briefly discusses the accommodative politic of Indonesia's Islamic civil society from the perspective of ideological background, society and role point of views during the period of New Order regime. During that time, Muslims was the group of societies that mostly experienced suppressions by the regime. To keep their existence, the Islamic civil society used a political approach that was accommodative to encounter the regime’s policy and diffuse within the government. Surprisingly, this ideological politic remained useful and grew during the New Order regime period, leading the main element in triggering the democratization process. The findings of this study show that the peoples’ social background and level of understanding on ideology, politic and sociological reality contributed to the effectiveness of the accommodative politic implementation. Furthermore, the Islamic society played a vital role as “driving” force in the democratization process in Indonesia, indicating that Islamic ideology is apparently in agreement with Democracy

scholarly journals A „Nóra-jelenség” és az ibsenizmus szerepe a 20. századi kínai dráma fejlődésében

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2017/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Nyirádi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Reform ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

The 19th-century Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen had an unparalleled,posthumous impact on the development of modern Chinese drama. How isit possible that he could influence the literature of a country so remote inspace and so different in its literary traditions? History is a key factor in thisstory. Early 20th century China was at the threshold of taking radical measures in reforming its society, and she was badly in need of a supporting ideology. Ibsen was a thinker and dramatist who, by means of presenting acutesocial problems in his plays, deeply influenced the society of his age. Hedid so in a realistic way and with the help of a clear language, both of whichfactors extremely appealed to modern Chinese intellectuals. It can be stated that it was to a great extent through Ibsen’s plays, mostimportantly through Nora, that modern Chinese intellectuals discovered thelong-range possibilities lying in the adoption of Western dramatic form,namely, transforming minds. Nora stirred the pond water of Chinese society,and came to symbolize the rebellion of the ‘Free Individual’: something that had no precedent whatsoever in China but what has long been in theair. Modern Chinese playwrights began to imitate Ibsen with great fervour,resulting in the flourishing of the social problem play, featuring brave andmodern ‘Chinese Noras’. Although advanced thinkers soon had to realize thatthe ideas of Ibsen cannot simply be adopted but must first be modified to beable to credibly represent contemporary Chinese social, cultural and moralreality, the ‘Nora-phenomenon’ and Ibsenism played a vital role in setting offthe literary and cultural reform in early 20th-century China.

Study and Investigation of Energy Management Techniques Used in Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606
Author(s):  
Punyavathi Ramineni ◽  
Alagappan Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intelligent Controllers

Many pollution-related issues are raising due to the usage of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) vehicles. Electric Vehicles/ Hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) are the finest solutions to overcome those problems associated with ICE-based vehicles. The EVs are introduced with a signal energy source (SES), which is not a successful attempt, especially during transient vehicles, driving, etc. Multiple energy sources (MES) EVs are introduced to attain better performance than the SES vehicles, which is obtained by combining two sources like battery/fuel cells, ultracapacitor. In this contest, energy management (EMNG) plays a vital role in sharing the load to the sources as per the EVs requirement. In the case of MES-based EVs, the controller always plays a significant role in the related EMNG system because it is the key factor in improving vehicle efficiency. In this article, a study has mainly been done related to several conventional, intelligent controllers and control algorithms to do the proper EMNG between sources present in the EV.

The Political-Military Organizations and the Emergence of Mass-Based Grassroots Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-56
Author(s):  
Manal A. Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines how patterns of socio-political organizing diverged in the Palestinian and Salvadoran cases during the beginning of their respective conflicttopeace transitions. Departing from explanations that focus on the professionalization of mass-based organizations, the author explains how the domestic political contexts shaped the mediating role of Western donor funding. More specifically, the book argues the that “inclusivity” of political settlements (assessed by the extent of participation of major political groups and the degree of societal support) shaped the relative effectiveness of democracy promotion efforts and the impact of Western donor assistance on civil society and democratic development more generally. This chapter also explains how civil society is being addressed in the book and the methodology employed, which is a structured, focused comparison that is historically sensitive but conducive to generalizing across cases. It also explains how the quality of civil society and democratic development are assessed, and why the women’s sectors were chosen to examine these developments. It concludes with an outline of the remaining chapters of the book.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Adam J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Conducive Environment

This epilogue reflects on the manifold ways that charitable institutions benefited from commerce—whether from their own commercial activities or those of their patrons. Church reformers criticized hospitals for accepting donati, who were permitted to receive room and board without taking vows. The reality, however, was that the donati at times brought in valuable resources that could be used to serve the poor and sick. In addition, the increased commercialization of late twelfth- and thirteenth-century society, particularly in a region like Champagne, may have contributed to the idea of a moral economy, including the obligation of charitable giving and service. The twelfth- and thirteenth-century social conditions that created a conducive environment for the flourishing of commerce were also advantageous for fostering charity and pious giving more generally. During a period of urban transformation, which created greater prosperity for some but also increasing poverty and insecurity for many others, the medieval hospital opened up new opportunities for social reciprocity and mutual assistance. For those with various kinds of needs, the hospital served as a source of physical, social, and material support in this earthly world, with all of its vagaries and vulnerabilities. In addition, though, the medieval hospital held out the promise of spiritual redemption in the world to come.

“The Savages of Virginia Our Project”

Virginia 1619 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Lauren Working
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Crucial Part

This chapter investigates how debates about “the Indians” or the Powhatans informed Jacobean political thought. By calling it “our project,” Gray rendered “the savages” a collective concern, one that implicated Londoners as well as colonists. Through an examination of several sources and events from 1619, contrasted against the criticisms and bitter accusations of mismanagement following the 1622 massacre and the dissolution of the Virginia Company several years later, this study suggests that the English experience in Jamestown played a vital role in shaping nascent concepts of imperium in the early seventeenth century and that English interactions with indigenous tribes played a crucial part in metropolitan articulations of civil society. Ultimately, this chapter demonstrates that the earliest attempts at colonization was not just a case of the English acting on America but also that America and its peoples informed English discourses of state and society from its inception, far earlier than is generally assumed.

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