scholarly journals Viability and vigour of ageing pea seeds with various densities

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
Pea Seed

Pea seed lots (of big and small densities and a control) were stored for six months in hydrostats in relative air humidity 90 and 50 per cent, at 21°C. Viability was determined on the basis of germination rate (energy) and capacity; vigour on the basis of sprout growth analysis, conductometric measurements and over-all dehydrogenase activity in the embryonic axes (tigella). Seeds stored in a high relative air humidity were losimg their viability and vigour more quickly than did those stored in a dry air. Seeds of big density were preserving better and ageing slower than seeds of small specific gravity.

Bioclimatic characteristics of the regions of the Russian region from the standpoint of assessing the health risk of the population by effective temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Rofail Salykhovich Rakhmanov ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Bogomolova ◽  
Denis Alekseevich Narutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Russian Region ◽  
Effective Temperatures

We calculated the effective temperatures based on 10-year data for temperatures (monthly average and minimum), wind speeds (monthly average and maximum) and relative air humidity in the climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (subarctic No. 1) and temperate continental (Krasnoyarsk (object No. 2) and Minusinsk (3) We assessed the health risk.In winter, in the subarctic zone, the temperature is –23.3 ± 1.5 0 C (minimum –30.2 ± 2.1 0 C), in object No. 2 — –17.3 ± 1.6 0 C (–19.3 ± 1.0 0 С) and object No. 3 — –19.9 ± 1.4 0 С (–25.5 ± 1.9 0 С). In spring at object No. 1 it varied from –16.5 ± 1.7 0 С to + 1.6 ± 1, 0 0 С, object No. 2 — from –3.9 ± 0.9 0 С to + 9.4 ± 0.5 0 С, object No. 3 — from –4.5 ± 0.9 to + 10.6 ± 0.4. Temperatures ranged from + 8.2 ± 0.9 0 C to –17.8 ± 1.2 0 C (object No. 1), from + 9.4 ± 0.5 0 C to –7.5 ± 0.9 0 C and from +10.4 ± 0.4 0 C to –6.4 ± 1.0 0 C. In summer, the temperature was 19.9 ± 0.9 0 C, 18.8 ± 0.3 0 C, and 19.8 ± 0.4 0 C, respectively. Wind speed at object No. 3.6 ± 0.05 m/s in July increased to 5.4 ± 0.2 m/s in December (maximum 16.2 m/s); No. 2 in July 1.4 ± 0.05 m/s, in October-May 1.8 ± 0.2–2.1 ± 0.07 (maximum in December 10.1 ± 0.1 m/s); No. 3 minimum wind in January and February (1.1 ± 0.1 m/s), maximum 10.7 ± 0.6 m/s in May. A moderately dry climate is recorded during 2, 4 and 5 months. In the conditions of Krasnoyarsk and Minusinsk in the spring, humidity drops to the limits of dry air. Average effective temperatures indicated a possible risk of frostbite in the subarctic zone after 20–30 minutes within 2 months; at minimum temperatures and maximum winds in March, frostbite in 20–30 minutes, in November, December and February in 10–25 minutes; in January — in 5 minutes. In the Krasnoyarsk region in January frostbite is possible within 20–30 minutes, in Minusinsk in February in 20–30 minutes, in January 10–15 minutes. Heat stress is undefined.

scholarly journals Proteins in pea seeds after 7 months of storage at 50 and 90% relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-378
Author(s):  
Ryszard J. Górecki ◽  
Andrzej Klasa ◽  
Artur Bałajewicz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Pea Seed

Two pea seed lots var. Flavanda were stored at 50 and 90% relative humidity (r.h.) at room temperature. After 7 months the germinability of seeds stored at 90% r.h. was reduced to 19%;. Similarly, the vigor of these seeds was lower as compared with seeds stored at 50% r.h. Deterioration of seeds resulted in the reduction of the albumin content from about 14 to 8 mg per seed. The content of vicillin in non-viable seeds was twice as high than in fully vigorous ones. No changes in the level of legumin appeared. During germination of seeds with lowered viability and vigor, the protein content of their embryonic axes did not increase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein extracted from the cotyledons of aged seeds showed visible changes only in the electrophoretic pattern of the albumin fraction.

Visco-elastic changes of vocal fold mucosa related to high and low relative air humidity

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
R.J.B. Hemler ◽  
G.H. Wieneke ◽  
P.H. Dejonckere
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

scholarly journals Using seed respiration as a tool for calculating optimal soaking times for ‘on-farm’ seed priming of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Javier Carrillo-Reche ◽  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Richard S. Quilliam
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Seed Respiration

Abstract A low-cost technique named ‘on-farm’ seed priming is increasingly being recognized as an effective approach to maximize crop establishment. It consists of anaerobically soaking seeds in water before sowing resulting in rapid and uniform germination, and enhanced seedling vigour. The extent of these benefits depends on the soaking time. The current determination of optimal soaking time by germination assays and mini-plot trials is resource-intensive, as it is species/genotype-specific. This study aimed to determine the potential of the seed respiration rate (an indicator of metabolic activity) and seed morphological changes during barley priming as predictors of the priming benefits and, thus, facilitate the determination of optimal soaking times. A series of germination tests revealed that the germination rate is mostly attributable to the rapid hydration of embryo tissues, as the highest gains in the germination rate occurred before the resumption of respiration. Germination uniformity, however, was not significantly improved until seeds were primed for at least 8 h, that is, after a first respiration burst was initiated. The maximum seedling vigour was attained when the priming was stopped just before the beginning of the differentiation of embryonic axes (20 h) after which vigour began to decrease (‘over-priming’). The onset of embryonic axis elongation was preceded by a second respiration burst, which can be used as a marker for priming optimization. Thus, monitoring of seed respiration provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to the current practice. The method could be carried out by agricultural institutions to provide recommended optimal soaking times for the common barley varieties within a specific region.

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

scholarly journals Relationship between preterm birth and air pollution in Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E L Brandao ◽  
B A L F Braga ◽  
M L C Martins ◽  
P L A A Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Abstract Santos is a seaboard Brazilian city recognized by its port activity where the road and rail infrastructure along with the large transportation operation, displays an important factor to contribute with all kinds of toxic and air pollutants. Recent studies have suggested associations between air pollution and various birth outcomes. Pollutant gases such as NOx, O3 and particulate matter PM2,5, PM10 have been cited as factors involved in such outcomes. The present study aims to assess the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and perinatal outcomes in the city of Santos from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015. Cross-sectional study that analyzed 10.319 singleton births in an area set with 2 km radius of the monitoring stations. Birth weight and information on mother and pregnancy were obtained at the Brazilian “Born Alive National Information System”. Daily records of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3), temperature and relative air humidity, for the study period, were obtained from São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB). Associations between preterm birth and air pollutants mean levels at each gestational trimester were investigated using multiple logistic regression model controlled by the variables: infant sex, type of delivery, maternal education. prenatal care, and number of previous live births, temperature and relative air humidity. NO2 e PM2,5 was not associated with preterm birth. O3 was significantly associated in the first trimester in the fourth quartile (OR = 1,47 CI 95% 1,05; 2,07). PM10 was significantly associated in the first trimester for the fourth quartile (OR = 1,28 CI 95% 1,00; 1,64), second trimester for the second quartile (OR = 1,37 CI 95% 1,07; 1,77). Conclusions the results shows evidence that maternal exposure to air pollution especially during the first trimester of pregnancy may contribute to preterm birth. Further actions are needed towards controlling air pollution are strongly recommended for promoting early-life health. Key messages This is the first research of this kind that was made in Santos. It brings important evidence of the impact in the life of the population, especially those whose is not even born yet. It can be used as a resource to guide public policies in health, especially the guidelines that dictate the concentration of air pollutants and air quality.

β-Amyrin Synthase1 Controls the Accumulation of the Major Saponins Present in Pea (Pisum sativum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Vernoud ◽  
Ludivine Lebeigle ◽  
Jocelyn Munier ◽  
Julie Marais ◽  
Myriam Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Saponin Biosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Pea Seed

Abstract The use of pulses as ingredients for the production of food products rich in plant proteins is increasing. However, protein fractions prepared from pea or other pulses contain significant amounts of saponins, glycosylated triterpenes which can impart an undesirable bitter taste when used as an ingredient in foodstuffs. In this paper, we describe the identification and characterization of a gene involved in saponin biosynthesis during pea seed development, by screening mutants obtained from two Pisum sativum TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) populations in two different genetic backgrounds. The mutations studied are located in a gene designated PsBAS1 (β-amyrin synthase1) which is highly expressed in maturing pea seeds and which encodes a protein previously shown to correspond to an active β-amyrin synthase. The first allele is a nonsense mutation, while the second mutation is located in a splice site and gives rise to a mis-spliced transcript encoding a truncated, non-functional protein. The homozygous mutant seeds accumulated virtually no saponin without affecting seed nutritional or physiological quality. Interestingly, BAS1 appears to control saponin accumulation in all other tissues of the plant examined. These lines represent a first step in the development of pea varieties lacking bitterness off-flavours in their seeds. Our work also shows that TILLING populations in different genetic backgrounds represent valuable genetic resources for both crop improvement and functional genomics.

The volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of different viability and vigor

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gorecki ◽  
G. E. Harman ◽  
L. R. Mattick
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Pea seeds var. Kriter were stored aseptically at 92% relative humidity and 30 °C. After 0, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks of storage, viability, vigor, and volatile exudates were determined on sublots of seeds. As storage time increased, vigor, as measured by dehydrogenase activity, growth of embryonic axes, and conductivity decreased. Later, viability also decreased. Imbibing and germinating pea seeds produced ethanol, acetaldehyde, and lesser amounts of methanol. No qualitative differences in volatile exudates were observed from germinating seeds regardless of age or storage condition. Nonaged seeds with highest vigor produced the smallest amounts of volatiles, but with increased aging the quantities of ethanol and acetaldehyde gradually increased. Dry seed produced small quantities of both volatiles. The amount of these compounds produced reached a maximum between 12 and 48 h of germination. Infestation of seed samples with Enterobacter cloacae or Trichoderma harzianum reduced the quantities of these compounds measured. These results indicate that determinations of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the space over germinating seeds by means of gas chromatography may be a useful seed vigor test.

Influence of Relative Air Humidity on Evaporation of Water–Ethanol Solution Droplets

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Borodulin ◽  
V. N. Letushko ◽  
M. I. Nizovtsev ◽  
A. N. Sterlyagov
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity
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