scholarly journals Exogenously applied D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol modifies the accumulation of α-D-galactosides in developing tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Ewa Gojło ◽  
Joanna Goszczyńska ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Vicia Hirsuta ◽  
Desiccation Process ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols ◽  
Seed Accumulation

In the present study we have investigated the effect of exogenous cyclitols on the accumulation of their galactosides and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as well as on some enzymes important for their biosynthesis in seeds of tiny vetch (<em>Vicia hirsuta</em> [L.] S.F. Gray). Immature seeds during 6-day incubation with D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol (naturally does not appear in seeds of tiny vetch) were accumulated cyclitol and its galactosides (fagopyritols: B1 and B2). Short 4-hour incubation with D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol, and subsequent slow desiccation process caused accumulation of free cyclitol only, without biosynthesis of its galactosides. Feeding D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol to pods of tiny vetch induced accumulation of high levels of its galactosides (fagopyritol B1, B2 and B3) in maturing seeds. Similarly, feeding D-pinitol increased accumulation of its mono-, di- and tri-galactosides: GPA, GPB, DGPA and TGPA in tiny vetch seed. Accumulation of both cyclitols and their galactosides drastically reduced accumulation of verbascose. Inhibition of RFOs biosynthesis by elevated levels of free cyclitols suggests some competition between formation of both types of galactosides and similarity of both biosynthetic routes in tiny vetch seeds. Galactinol synthase (GolS) from tiny vetch seeds demonstrated ability to utilize D-<em>chiro</em>-inositol as galactosyl acceptor, instead of myo-inositol. Presence of both cyclitols, as substrates for GolS, caused synthesis of their galactosides: fagopyritol B1 and galactinol. However, formation of galactinol was more efficient than fagopyritol B1. D-chiro-Inositol and D-pinitol at concentrations several-fold higher than myo-inositol had inhibitory effect on GolS. Thus, we suggest that a level of free cyclitols can have an influence on the rate of galactinol biosynthesis and further accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray)

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki ◽  
Ewa Gojło ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Vicia Hirsuta ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

The role of the abscisic acid (ABA) in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and galactosyl cyclitols (Gal-C) in tiny vetch (<em>Vicia hirsuta</em> [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds was investigated. The ABA was applied through incubation of seed at various stage of its development. The level of RFOs and Gal-C was determined in seed maturing on plant and in seed maturing in vitro. In early stages of <em>V. hirsuta</em> seed development, the ABA activated the biosynthesis of galactinol, although the level of arisen galactinol quickly declined. In the later stages of <em>V. hirsuta</em> seed development ABA had stimulatory effect of RFOs and Gal-C biosynthesis. Influence of ABA on biosynthesis of a-galactosides in <em>Vicia hirsuta</em> seed seems to be dependent on abscisic acid concentration. Low concentration of ABA had stimulatory effect on a-galactosides biosynthesis, but high concentration of ABA inhibited the process.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Galactinol Synthase Gene Family in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimei Li ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yingdui He ◽  
Jie Fan ◽  
Yangjiao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Genome Wide

Galactinol synthases (GolSs) are the key enzymes that participate in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) biosynthesis, which perform a big role in modulating plant growth and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. To date, no systematic study of this gene family has been conducted in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Here, eight MeGolS genes are isolated from the cassava genome. Based on phylogenetic background, the MeGolSs are clustered into four groups. Through predicting the cis-elements in their promoters, it was discovered that all MeGolS members act as hormone-, stress-, and tissue-specific related elements to different degrees. MeGolS genes exhibit incongruous expression patterns in various tissues, indicating that different MeGolS proteins might have diverse functions. MeGolS1 and MeGolS3–6 are highly expressed in leaves and midveins. MeGolS3–6 are highly expressed in fibrous roots. Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicates that several MeGolSs, including MeGolS1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, are induced by abiotic stresses. microRNA prediction analysis indicates that several abiotic stress-related miRNAs target the MeGolS genes, such as mes-miR156, 159, and 169, which also respond to abiotic stresses. The current study is the first systematic research of GolS genes in cassava, and the results of this study provide a basis for further exploration the functional mechanism of GolS genes in cassava.

scholarly journals A GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF THE GALACTINOL SYNTHASEGENE FAMILY IN BANANA (Musa acuminata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Dolcimasculo ◽  
Alessandra Ferreira Ribas ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira ◽  
Tiago Benedito dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
High Group ◽  
3D Protein Structure ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Protein Length ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Galactinol synthase (GolS) is theenzyme that catalyzes the first step of the biosynthesis of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), andisinvolved in manybiological processes in plants.In the present study, four putative GolSgenes were identified in the Musa acuminatagenome. We further characterized these MaGolSgenes in terms of protein length, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point and 3D protein structure. Genomic organization revealed that most MaGolSgenes have four exons. The conserved motifs were identified,demonstrating high group-specificityof all MaGolS proteins. Multiple sequence alignment showedthat theAPSAA typical domainispresent in all GolS proteins. Comparativephylogenetic analysis oftheMaGolS proteins revealed three distinct groups.These data provide insight to support new studies adressing the role of GolSgenes in this important fruit species.

Jasmonate-dependent expression of a galactinol synthase gene is involved in priming of systemic fungal resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Mi Cho ◽  
Eun Young Kang ◽  
Mi Seong Kim ◽  
Seung Jin Yoo ◽  
Yang Ju Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Insertion Mutants

Previously, root colonization by the rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, was shown to induce expression of galactinol synthase conferring systemic resistance against a fungal pathogen in cucumber leaves. Here, the Arabidopsis – Botrytis cinerea system is introduced to better understand signal transduction of galactinol and (or) raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) during O6-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). Among the 10 Arabidopsis galactinol synthase genes, only AtGolS1 was specifically induced upon infection with the fungal pathogen B. cinerea. AtGolS1 was primed by O6 colonization against the pathogen in Arabidopsis leaves. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants at the AtGolS1 gene site compromised O6-mediated ISR against the pathogen, thereby suggesting that AtGolS1 plays an important role in ISR. O6 colonization increased AtGolS1 transcription as well as ISR in several Arabidopsis signaling mutants, but not in the jar1-1 and coi1 mutant lines. Exogenous jasmonate treatment induced transcription of AtGolS1 in wild-type Col-0 plants, but salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate did not. These studies on signaling mutants and target gene expression indicate that expression of AtGolS1 in response to O6 colonization is mediated through the jasmonate-dependent pathway, stimulating ISR in Arabidopsis against B. cinerea infection.

Soluble carbohydrates in desiccation tolerance of yellow lupin seeds during maturation and germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Górecki ◽  
A. I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
L. B. Lahuta ◽  
R. L. Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

AbstractMaturing yellow lupin seeds were desiccation tolerant. Glucose, sucrose and cyclitols (mainly D-pinitol, D-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol) were predominant at the early stages of seed growth. Accumulation of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and the galactosyl cyclitols including galactinol, digalactosyl myo-inositol, galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B, trigalactopinitol A, ciceritol, fagopyritol B1 and fagopyritol B2 appeared during seed maturation; their increase correlated with seed germinability after desiccation. The loss of desiccation tolerance after seed germination was also studied. For the desiccation tolerance test, intact seedlings were dried rapidly or slowly followed by rehydration. Soluble carbohydrates were assayed before and after drying. Root tissues were more sensitive to desiccation than hypocotyl tissues and completely lost desiccation tolerance within 36 h of imbibition after both fast and slow-drying treatments. Survival of hypocotyls decreased gradually up to 96 h after imbibition. Loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in axis tissues preceded visible germination. Loss of desiccation tolerance was accompanied by loss of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols and an increase in reducing sugars in cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle tissues. Drying did not induce the accumulation of RFOs and galactosyl cyclitols in seedling tissues.

scholarly journals Carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Irena Giełwanowska ◽  
Anna Bochenek ◽  
Paweł Loro ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Galactosyl Cyclitols

Eight to nineteen ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in vegetative tissues of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols, raffinose family oligosaccharides, lichnose family oligosaccharides, kestose family oligosaccharides. The analysed vegetative tissues accumulated from 447 to 139 mg/g d.m. soluble carbohydrates in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em>, <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em> respectively. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 53.3% in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> of the identified soluble carbohydrate component pool. Vegetative tissues accumulated starch in <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> 20.6 mg/g d.m. and 261.6 mg/g d.m. in <em>Deschampsia antarctica</em>. Anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative part of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em> revealed the presence of various ergastic materials in intercellular spaces, cell walls and protoplasts. Various parts of these plants contain insoluble, PAS positive polysaccharides in intercellular spaces and in cell walls. Chloroplasts of analysed tissues contained starch. Less starch was visible in young, growing parts of shoots of <em>Colobanthus quitensis</em> and <em>Deschmpsia antarctica</em>, more starch appears in mature, differentiated parts.

scholarly journals Characterization of raffinose metabolism genes uncovers a wild Arachis galactinol synthase conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina C. Vinson ◽  
Ana P. Z. Mota ◽  
Brenda N. Porto ◽  
Thais N. Oliveira ◽  
Iracyara Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Raffinose Synthase ◽  
Gene Structures

Abstract Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are implicated in plant regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses tolerance and, despite their antinutritional proprieties in grain legumes, little information is available about the enzymes involved in RFO metabolism in Fabaceae species. In the present study, the systematic survey of legume proteins belonging to five key enzymes involved in the metabolism of RFOs (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, stachyose synthase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase) identified 28 coding-genes in Arachis duranensis and 31 in A. ipaënsis. Their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, protein domains, and chromosome distribution patterns were also determined. Based on the expression profiling of these genes under water deficit treatments, a galactinol synthase candidate gene (AdGolS3) was identified in A. duranensis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AdGolS3 exhibited increased levels of raffinose and reduced stress symptoms under drought, osmotic, and salt stresses. Metabolite and expression profiling suggested that AdGolS3 overexpression was associated with fewer metabolic perturbations under drought stress, together with better protection against oxidative damage. Overall, this study enabled the identification of a promising GolS candidate gene for metabolic engineering of sugars to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops, whilst also contributing to the understanding of RFO metabolism in legume species.

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