The effect of CaF2 and BaF2 solid lubricants on wear resistance of laserborided 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (86) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. Piasecki ◽  
M. Kotkowiak ◽  
M. Kulka
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
X Ray

Purpose: In this paper, laser alloying with boron and solid lubricants was used in order to produce the self-lubricating layer on 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel. The influence of CaF2 and BaF2 on microstructure, hardness, chemical and phase composition as well as wear resistance of the layers was studied. Design/methodology/approach: The two-step process was used during laser alloying. First, the surface of the specimen was coated by a paste with alloying material. The alloying material consisted of the mixture of amorphous boron and self-lubricating additions (CaF2 and BaF2). Next, the surface was re-melted by a laser beam using TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. The laser beam power 1.43 kW was used for laser alloying. The layer was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, microhardness tester. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the layer was investigated using the Amsler type wear test. Findings: The tribofilm, consisting of solid lubricants, was observed on the worn surfaces of laser-alloyed layers. It caused an increase in the wear resistance at room temperature. The presence of calcium fluoride and barium fluoride was confirmed in laser-alloyed layers using XRD and X-ray microanalysis by EDS method. Practical implications: Laser surface modification with solid lubricants had the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of this technology for reducing the abrasive wear. Originality/value: The wear mechanism of surface layer with solid lubricants was determined. The produced layer with laser alloying layers of boron and solid lubricant (CaF2 or BaF2) was compared.

Microstructure and wear resistance of Cuss-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloys

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.X. Yin ◽  
H.M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Metal Silicide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Wear-resistant Cu-based solid-solution-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloy with a microstructure consisting of predominantly the dual-phase primary dendrites with a Cr5Si3 core encapsulated by CrSi phase and a small amount of interdendritic Cu-based solid solution (Cuss) was designed and fabricated by the laser melting process using Cr–Si–Cu elemental powder blends as the precursor materials. The microstructure of the Cuss-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloy was characterized by optical microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The Cuss-toughened silicide alloys have excellent wear resistance and low coefficient of friction under room temperature dry sliding wear test conditions with hardened 0.45% C carbon steel as the sliding–mating counterpart.

Influence of Porosity and Alloy addition on the Wear behaviour of a Sinter-Forged C45 Steel using Taguchi Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVEEN EASWARAN ◽  
Shanmugam Ramasamy ◽  
Roshan Nagarajan ◽  
Ramanan Nandagopal ◽  
Sripada Ragavendra Keshava Narasimha
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Theoretical Density ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Alloy Addition ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Alloy Steels

Elemental powders of Atomized Iron (Fe), Carbon (C) and Molybdenum (Mo) were weighed and mixed in a pot mill to yield the composition of C45, C45-1%Mo and C45-2%Mo Steels, then compacted and sintered. The Sintered preforms had a density- 75% of the Theoretical Density. Then the Sintered preforms were subjected to densification to get two densities- 80% and 85% of the theoretical density through Forging. The sintered and densified preforms of alloy steels were subsequently machined to get the required wear test specimens.The experiments were conducted on a Pin-on-disc Tribometer, conforming to ASTM G99 standards, on a rotating EN32 disc. Using Minitab 16 software, the Dry Sliding wear experiments were planned using L27 Orthogonal Array.The % Theoretical Density of the Specimens (1-%Porosity), % Mo Addition, Load and Sliding Velocity were taken as input parameters, mass loss was the output parameter. It was observed that the increasing density of alloy steels adversely affects the wear resistance of the alloy steels and mass loss is increased. It was found that the addition of Mo significantly improves the wear resistance of the alloy steels irrespective of the densities .Empirical correlations for mass loss with respect to input parameters had been developed.

scholarly journals Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on Microhardness and Wear Properties of Laser Borided Monel 400

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kukliński ◽  
Aneta Bartkowska ◽  
Damian Przestacki ◽  
Grzegorz Kinal
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Monel 400 ◽  
Laser Beam Scanning

In this study, wear properties of Monel 400 after laser alloying with boron are described. Surfaces were prepared by covering them with boron paste layers of two different thicknesses (100 µm and 200 μm) and re-melting using diode laser. Laser beam power density was equal to 178.3 kW/cm2. Two laser beam scanning velocities were chosen for the process: 5 m/min and 50 m/min. Surfaces alloyed with boron were investigated in terms of wear resistance, and the surface of untreated Monel 400 was examined for comparison. Wear tests were performed using counterspecimen made from steel 100Cr6 and water as a lubricant. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of surfaces after wear test are described in this paper. Additionally, microstructures and properties of obtained laser alloyed surfaces are presented. It was found that the wear resistance increased from four to tens of times, depending on parameters of the laser boriding process. The wear mechanism was mainly adhesive for surfaces alloyed with initial boron layer 100 µm thick and evolves to abrasive with increasing boron content and laser beam scanning velocity. Iron particles detached from counterspecimens were detected on each borided surface after the wear test, and it was found that the harder the surface the less built-ups are present. Moreover, adhered iron particles oxidized during the wear test.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TiC+Cr7C3 Reinforced Ceramal Composite Coating Produced by PTA Weld-Surfacing Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1377-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hai Liu ◽  
Ji Hua Huang ◽  
Jun Bo Liu ◽  
Gui Xiang Song
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Q235 Steel ◽  
High Microhardness ◽  
New Type

A new type in situ reinforcing phase TiC+Cr7C3 ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of Q235 steel by plasma transferred arc (PTA) weld-surfacing process using the mixture of ferrotitanium, ferrochromium, ferroboron and ferrosilicium powders. Microstructure and wear performance of the coating were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), microhardness tester and wear tester. Results show that the composite coating consists of TiC, primary phase Cr7C3 , (Cr,Fe)7C3 and austenite. The composite coating is metallurgically bonded to the Q235 steel substrate. TiC particles present cubic and “dendrite flower-like” shape in the composite coating. The coating has high microhardness and excellent wear resistance under dry-sliding wear test conditions.

scholarly journals Wear Behaviors of TiN/WS2 + hBN/NiCrBSi Self-Lubricating Composite Coatings on TC4 Alloy by Laser Cladding

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Kaiwei Liu ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Peilei Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Zhishui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tc4 Alloy

TiN and WS2 + hBN reinforced Ni-based alloy self-lubricating composite coatings were fabricated on TC4 alloy by laser cladding using TiN, NiCrBSi, WS2, and hBN powder mixtures. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and optical microscopy (OM) were adopted to investigate the microstructure. The wear behaviors of the self-lubricating composite coatings were evaluated under large contact load in room temperature, dry-sliding wear-test conditions. Results indicated that the phases of the coatings mainly include γ-Ni, TiN, TiNi, TiW, WS2, and TiS mixtures. The average microhardness of the composite coating is 2.3–2.7 times that of the TC4 matrix. Laser cladding TiN/WS2 + hBN/NiCrBSi self-lubricating composite coatings revealed a higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than those of the TC4 alloy substrate. The friction coefficient (COF) of the coatings was oscillating around approximately 0.3458 due to the addition of self-lubricant WS2 + hBN and hard reinforcement TiN. The wear behaviors testing showed that the wear resistance of the as-received TC4 was significantly improved by a laser cladding TiN/WS2 + hBN/NiCrBSi self-lubricating composite coating.

scholarly journals Wear Behaviour of Eutectic Al-Si Alloy-Graphite Composites Fabricated by Combined Modified Two-Stage Stir Casting and Squeeze Casting Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shanmughasundaram ◽  
R. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Graphite Composites

Dry sliding wear behaviour of eutectic Al-Si alloy-graphite composites was investigated employing a pin-on-disc wear test rig. Results revealed that the wear and friction coefficients decreased linearly with increasing weight percentage of graphite particles. Wear resistance of the composite increased considerably with increasing sliding velocity at constant load. In contrast, the friction coefficient of Al-7.5 wt.% Gr composite increased when the sliding velocity was increased from 1 m/s to 2 m/s at 49 N. Worn-out surfaces of wear specimens after the test were examined by scanning electron microscopy to study the morphology of worn surfaces. EDS analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of mechanically mixed layer (MML) which comprises oxides and iron, and this acted as an effective tribolayer in enhancing the wear resistance at higher sliding velocity.

The effect of cryogenic treatment on dry sliding wear mechanisms in hard coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Kurşuncu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cryogenic Heat Treatment

Purpose The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined. Design/methodology/approach The aCN/TiAlN, TiAlN and ncTiAlSiN hard coatings deposited on the AISI D2 steel substrate were subjected to cryogenic heat treatment at −145oC and −196oC for 24 h and then tempered at 200oC for 2 h. Then, the samples were subjected to wear tests of 5, 10 and 15 N three different load values. The wear mechanisms occurring on the wear surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscope supported by EDS. Findings Oxidation, fatigue and delamination wear mechanisms were realized on the surfaces of the samples subjected to dry sliding wear test. The wear resistance of S1 increased with cryogenic heat treatment. According to the wear test results of the untreated samples, it was found that the samples with lower hardness than the others had higher wear resistance. The wear resistance of S1 and S2 samples was increased by cryogenic heat treatment. The best wear resistance in all parameters was obtained by S1. Oxidation in the S1 was found to have a positive effect on wear resistance. According to EDS results after wear of S2, chromium-rich layer was found on the surface of the material. It is understood that cryogenic heat treatment causes carbide precipitation in the inner structure of the substrate material. Originality/value The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. In this study, wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment was investigated. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0111/

Study of Microstructure and Wear Behavior of T6 Heat Treated as Cast Al-25Mg2Si-2Cu Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Sondur ◽  
D.M. Goudar ◽  
D.G. Mallapur ◽  
G.B. Rudrakshi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Heat Treated

In the present investigation, microstructural characteristics and dry sliding wear behaviour of T6 heat treated conventionally cast Al-25Mg2Si-2Cu alloy have been discussed. The as cast alloy was subjected to solutionizing at 500°C for 5h and isothermal aging treatment at 190°C for different aging times. The micro structural characterization was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope with EDS analysis. The microstructure of as cast alloy consists of intermetallics of coarse block like sharp edged β-(Mg2Si), θ-(Al2Cu) and Q-(Al-Mg-Cu-Si) in the form of Chinese scripts and needles distributed randomly in the Al-matrix. The microstructure of heat treated alloy shows spheroidization of β phase and fine precipitation of θ-(Al2Cu) and Q phases. The dry sliding wear test was carried out using pin-on-disc machine. Age hardened alloy exhibits high wear resistance and minimum coefficient of friction over the entire range of applied loads and sliding velocities. Furthermore, high wear resistance was observed in the under aged condition compared to over ageing conditions.

Microstructure and Properties of WC-CO-Cr Coatings

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-M. Berger ◽  
P. Vuoristo ◽  
T. Mäntylä ◽  
W. Kunert ◽  
W. Lengauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Metallic Binder ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance

Abstract WC-Co-Cr represents an important composition for hardmetal-like coatings which is appHed when simuhaneous wear and corrosion resistance is required. In this paper five commercially available spray powders obtained by various production techniques (sintered and crushed as well as agglomerated and plasma-densified) of the composition WC-10%Co- 4%Cr have been thoroughly characterized and were sprayed by DCS, HVOF (CDS process) and APS. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized and their wear behaviour was investigated by means of an abrasion wear test. For the best of these powders the wear resistance was nearly equal for the DGS and HVOF coatings. Other powders show significant differences with respect to their processabilities in these spray processes. APS coatings from all powders, obtained with an Ar/H2 plasma showed inferior microstructures and significant lower wear resistance. The spray powder compositions, grain sizes and structures were found to determine the processability of the powders and the microstructure and properties of the coatings. COMPOSITE MATERIALS of the type hard phase - metallic binder with WC and CoCr as constituents are widely used for the preparation of hardmetal-like coatings. The chromium addition to the metallic binder is thought to improve its corrosion resistance in comparison with pure WC-Co. This has led to many applications of WC-CoCr coatings where simultaneous wear and corrosion resistance is required. Despite of its significant practical importance only a limited number of publications is devoted to detailed questions of structure and properties of WC-CoCr coatings (1-3). In some comparative studies such coatings have been investigated together with WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings (4-8). However, systematic investigations of spray powder compositions and morphologies as well as investigations of the influence of different thermal spray processes on coating structures and properties which have repeatedly been provided for WC-Co (for example (9, 10)) are missing for WC-CoCr. In this paper a short survey of literature on the phase relationships in the WC-CoCr system and the effect of chromium additions on the properties of sintered parts and thermally sprayed coatings compared to WC-Co is given. In the experimental part a systematic study of the influence of the preparation process on composition and morphology of commercially available WC-10%Co-4%Cr spray powders was provided. These powders have been sprayed by DGS, HVOF and APS and the microstructure and basic properties of the coatings have been studied.

scholarly journals Enhanced Wear Behaviour of Spark Plasma Sintered AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Composites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Löbel ◽  
Thomas Lindner ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Production Route ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Spark Plasma

High hardness and good wear resistance have been revealed for the high-entropy alloy (HEA) system AlCoCrFeNiTi, confirming the potential for surface protection applications. Detailed studies to investigate the microstructure and phase formation have been carried out using different production routes. Powder metallurgical technologies allow for much higher flexibility in the customisation of materials compared to casting processes. Particularly, spark plasma sintering (SPS) enables the fast processing of the feedstock, the suppression of grain coarsening and the production of samples with a low porosity. Furthermore, solid lubricants can be incorporated for the improvement of wear resistance and the reduction of the coefficient of friction (COF). This study focuses on the production of AlCoCrFeNiTi composites comprising solid lubricants. Bulk materials with a MoS2 content of up to 15 wt % were produced. The wear resistance and COF were investigated in detail under sliding wear conditions in ball-on-disk tests at room temperature and elevated temperature. At least 10 wt % of MoS2 was required to improve the wear behaviour in both test conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the production route and the content of solid lubricant on microstructure formation and phase composition were investigated. Two major body-centred cubic (bcc) phases were detected in accordance with the feedstock. The formation of additional phases indicated the decomposition of MoS2.

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