Usporedba neonatalnog ishoda u majki s gestacijskim dijabetesom tijekom dva razdoblja

Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy. Pregnant diabetic mothers, if not well regulated, are more often subject to a number of acute conditions and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypertrophy, lower Apgar is often seen in children. This is a case control study. We compared mothers with GD and their infants to mothers without GD and their children both in 2015 and 2018 in order to determine whether there are any differences among them, and to compare the perinatal outcome of their infants. Examinees have been born in 2015 and 2018 (262) at KBC Osijek. The control group (262) was first neonates born after the examinees in 2015 and 2018. The results are shown in tables, with absolute and relative frequencies, and the significance of differences in the chi-square test with confidence interval at 95 %. Statistical significance will be accepted at p <0.05 level. Different acute conditions and other chronic illnesses are more common in mothers with GD. They have more complications during labor. Their infants are more often diagnosed with hypertrophy, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia. They also require more oxygen tratment, longer hospitalization and birth by C-section. In 2018, the number of hypoglycemic and hypocalcemic infants was twice lower, and children have been hospitalized much shorter. Better care for mothers during pregnancy and their glycemic control lead to significantly less complications in their infants and better perinatal outcome of such infants.

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Determining the risk factors for xerostomia in dental out-patients

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 174-177

Author(s):

K V Komarova ◽

N N Ratkina ◽

V K Polenichkin ◽

E P Karmanov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Main Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Period Duration ◽

Group 1

Aim. To determine the risk factors for xerostomia.Methods. The study included 137 patients aged 25 to 60 years (61 males, 76 females), the main group consisted of 40 patients with xerostomia (11 males, 29 females), with a median age of 44.5 years (38; 49.5). The control group included 97 patients without xerostomia (50 males, 47 females), median age - 42 years (36; 49). The questionnaire by V.V. Afanas’ev (1993) was used to collect the complaints, anamnesis and to determine the risk factors for xerostomia. Qualitative indicators are listed as absolute numbers and shares (%). In assessing the statistical significance of qualitative indicators differences, contingency tables with subsequent Pearson chi-square test were used.Results. Among the patients of the main group, 19 (47.5%) took medications decreasing the salivation, with intake period duration ranging from 1 to 4 months. When questioned, patients with xerostomia reported statistically significant increase in the rates of cardiovascular disorders (15 patients, 37.5%), gastrointestinal tract diseases (11 patients, 27.5%), endocrine diseases (10 patients, 25%), musculoskeletal diseases (9 patients, 22.5%). The combination of three or more positive answers on V.V. Afanas’ev questionnaire questions was revealed in 12 (30%) patients of the main group, which was significantly higher compared to the control group (1 patient, 1.03%).Conclusion. The most typical reasons for developing xerostomia were the following: taking medications decreasing the salivation, presence of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and endocrine disorders. Three or more positive answers on V.V. Afanas’ev questionnaire questions increase the probability of detecting xerostomia in a respondent.

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Small dose of ephedrine for prevention of hypotension following propofol and fentanyl administration during induction of general anesthesia

Annals of African Medical Research ◽

10.4081/aamr.2020.126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gamal Ejaimi ◽

Abla Saab ◽

Sittelnissa Ahmed ◽

Areeg Ahmed ◽

Hussain Abujamilah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Small Dose ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Participants

Induction of general anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl could result in hypotension and bradycardia. Various methods are being used to prevent these adverse effects. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a small dose of ephedrine in prevention of hypotension following administration of propofol and fentanyl. This prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted among a total of 50 patients, both genders, age 18 years up to 60 years with ASA grade Ι and ΙΙ and some of class ΙΙΙ, presented for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups (25 patients in each): CG (the control group), which received propofol in a dose of 2 mg/kg, intravenously, over 20–30 s mixed with 2 mL normal saline: and EphG (Ephedrine group), while received propofol in a dose of 2 mg/kg, intravenously, over 20–30 s mixed with 2 mL of ephedrine (10 mg). The Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) were recorded before induction and then every 1 min up to 6 min after induction. The categorical data are presented as a number and percentage and were subjected to Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test for analysis. The statistical significance was p≤0.05. The significant differences in HR were observed in the 3rd,4th, and 5th minutes with P-value, 0.018, 0.000, 0.000, respectively. However, no patient in the study participants had bradycardia. The significant differences in MAP were observed in the 2nd, 3rd,4th, and 5th minutes with P-value, 0.035, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively. The percentage of patient in CG who developed hypotension in the 3rd and 4th is 44% and 32% compared to 8% and 0% in EphG, with significant differences (P-value 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Administration of small dose of ephedrine with propofol could attenuate propofol/fentanyl hypotensive and bradycardic effects.

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Index Analysis of Osteonecrosis and Related Causes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68407/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Yuju Cao ◽

Huiqiang Wu ◽

Feimeng An ◽

Changxu Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Population Sample ◽

Onset Time ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH ) is related to the interruption of blood supply caused by lipid metabolism and hypercoagulability. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between clinical biochemical parameters and non-traumatic ONFH. Methods: The basic information and biochemical indexes of 1292 patients with non- traumatic ONFH and 1880 healthy controls were collected. SPSS software (version 22.0) was used to process and analyze the data. T-test was used for quantitative analysis. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables.p< 0.05 were the index with statistical significance. Results: In the population sample, TC (p= 0.00004), LDL (p= 0.014) and PLT (p= 0.000005) levels were statistically significant between the two groups.In men, levels of TC (p = 0.004), LDL (p= 0.011), and PLT (p= 0.00005) were statistically significant between the two groups.In women, TC (p= 0.001) and PLT (p= 0.048) levels were statistically significant between the two groups.There were differences in TC (p= 0.00001) and PLT (p= 0.031) levels between the case group and the control group in samples aged less than 45 years.There were differences in LDL (p= 0.00002) and PLT (p= 0.022) levels between the two groups in samples older than 45 years.Compared with the control group, patients with alcohol-induced ONFH had HDL (p = 0.002).LDL (p= 0.00002);The level of PLT (p= 0.0001) was significantly different.HDL (p = 0.005) was found in alcohol-induced ONFH patients younger than 45 years of age.The PLT level (p=0.045) was different from that of the control group.There was a difference in LDL (p= 0.000003) levels between control and alcohol-induced ONFH patients older than 45 years.The older the onset age, the TC in vivo;HDL;LDL;ApoA1;ApoB;The lower the PLT level.With the prolongation of the onset time, the PLT level in the patient's body is decreasing continuously.Conclusion: The changes of biochemical indexes are closely related to the occurrence of non-traumatic ONFH. Our research can provide a new direction for the prevention of ONFH.

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Association of Interleukin-6-174 G/C Gene Promotor Polymorphism with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adolescence Age Group: A Case-control Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46429.14990 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sergei Egorovich Khalchitsky ◽

Marina Vanikovna Sogoyan ◽

Alexei Nicolaevich Kozhevnikov ◽

Sergei Valentinovich Vissarionov ◽

Alexei Georgievich Baindurashvili

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Real Time ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

European Population ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown pathogenesis. The disease is multifactorial, however, the exact causes of the occurrence, as well as the targets of the autoimmune process, are unknown. Genes candidate for a predisposition to RA are cytokine genes. Of the cytokines, IL-6 is considered a key mediator of systemic and localized inflammation in RA. Aim: The comparative analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism in patients with RA and in the control group to determine the genotype most characteristic of this disease. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a group of 136 children with RA aged 14 to 18 years. In the control group, there were 143 practically healthy children of similar age without RA and orthopedic pathology. Both groups were tested for polymorphism IL-6 -174G/C using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR). The results were statistically processed using the Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: The distribution of -174G/C genotypes in the IL-6 gene is significantly different in patients with RA when compared with the control group. In patients with RA, heterozygous carriers of -174G/C (52.94%) prevail, while in the control group the most numerous group are homozygous carriers of -174G/G (40.56%). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was possible to identify significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes -174 G/C polymorphism in the IL-6 gene between patients with RA and subjects of the control group. In relation to the European population of the Russian Federation, this polymorphism can serve as a diagnostic marker in the study of the pathogenesis of RA.

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Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Cortex in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2131129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Cledinaldo Lira Junior ◽

Diego Henrique Pires Gonçalves ◽

Kamilly de Lourdes Ramalho Frazão ◽

Sandra Aparecida Marinho ◽

Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves De Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

Aims: To evaluate the mandibular bone cortical of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis on panoramic radiograph, through radiomorfometric indices. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus VIII, in the city of Araruna, PB, between January and December of 2015. Methodology: Panoramic radiographs of sixteen patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and 32 controls, organized by gender and age, composed the sample. The mandibular panoramic index, gonial index, antegonial index and mental index were evaluated. Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to statistical analysis with a level of significance of 5.0%. Results: Mucopolysaccharidosis patients were mostly female (62.5%), with a mean age of 12.31 + 7.16 years, MPS VI (50.0%) being the most prevalent. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis had higher values in the gonial (1.86+0.48), the antegonical (4.36+1.24) and the mental (5.24+1.21). However, only the antegoniac index presented a significant difference (P=0.047). Conclusion: The antegoniac index was higher in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and the other radiomorphometric measures were similar to those observed in the control group. Apparently, mucopolysaccharidosis is not related to decreased bone to mandibular quality.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms and T2DM Risk

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74188/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

QingBin Zhao ◽

Huiyi Wei ◽

Zhiying Li ◽

Haoyang Wei

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Chi Square ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Gender Stratification ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Recent studies have identified some genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 related to disease susceptibility. However, it has not been reported whether polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We designed a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between those CYP polymorphisms and T2DM risk. Methods: Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 were genotyped from 512 patients and 515 healthy controls using Agena MassARRAY. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between polymorphism and T2DM risk. Results: The results found that the rs1065852 in CYP2D6 was correlated with the T2DM risk in overall (A vs. G: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45, P = 0.024; AA vs.GG: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.06, P = 0.031; AA-AG vs. GG: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.79, P = 0.026; additive: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.44, P = 0.027). Gender stratification analysis results demonstrated that the rs1065852 in CYP2D6 was related with an increased the risk of T2DM in male and age < 59 years old. However, no statistical significance relation was found between CYP2C8 SNPs and T2DM risk. Conclusions: This study revealed that CYP2D6 (rs1065852) could be potential genetic markers of susceptibility to T2DM. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.

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Is There a Relation between ABO Blood Groups and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Pemphigoid? A Case-Control Study

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/3916750 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽

Parviz Toosi ◽

Somayyeh Azimi ◽

Nafiseh Esmaili ◽

Ali Montazami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group B ◽

Control Study

Background.Relationship between blood groups and dermatologic diseases remains controversial and was not yet fully elucidated nor explained clearly. The aim of this study was to examine if any relation exists between different types of pemphigoid diseases and ABO blood group.Methods.In this case-control study, 159 pemphigoid patients and 152 healthy matched-controls were evaluated. All blood group (including Rh status) data for the study was obtained from the hospital medical records. Statistical comparisons were completed with chi-square test and logistic regression.Results.Blood group “O” was found in 32.9% of patients and 38.2% of control group. Blood group “A” was found among 30.8% of patients and 34.2% of control group, while group “B” was reported in 27.4% of cases and 21.1% of controls and “AB” was identified among 8.9% of patients and 6.6% of control group. 84.9% of patients were Rh positive, while in the control group 86.2% of patients were Rh positive. No significant differences were found regarding ABO blood groups (P=0.46) or Rh (P=0.76) between pemphigoid patients and control group. Also, older females had the higher risk of developing bullous pemphigoid.Conclusion.We found no relationship between ABO blood groups and pemphigoid disease.

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PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TERHADAP KEJADIAN SKABIES PADA SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-FALAH PUTERA BANJARBARU

Dunia Keperawatan ◽

10.20527/dk.v4i1.2503 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Anna Maulina Kustantie ◽

Kurnia Rachmawati ◽

Musafaah Musafaah

Keyword(s):

Disease Prevention ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Boarding School ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

ABSTRAKSkabies adalah penyakit kulit menular yang disebabkan oleh infestasi Sarcoptes scabies. Perilaku kesehatan mencakup yang termasuk perilaku untuk tidak menularkan penyakit kepada orang lain. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku pencegahan penyakit terhadap kejadian skabies pada santri di pondok pesantren Al-Falah Putera Banjarbaru. Metode penelitian adalah retrospektif (case control study), pada santri berasrama di pondok pesantren Al-Falah Putera Banjarbabaru. Responden dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yakni kelompok kasus (n=36) dan kelompok kontrol (n=36). Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kueisioner perilaku pencegahan penyakit skabies. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perilaku pencegahan penyakit skabies dengan cara tidak bertukar pakaian dan alat sholat dalam kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 52 santri (72,2%), tidak bergantian handuk dalam kategori baik adalah sebanyak 59 santri (81,9%), dan menjaga kebersihan tempat tidur dalam kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 52 santri (72,2%). Hasil uji Chi Square terkait perilaku pencegahan penyakit skabies dengan cara tidak bertukar pakaian dan alat sholat, tidak bergantian handuk, dan menjaga kebersihan tempat tidur p=0,792, p=1,000, p=0,066 secara berurutan.Kata-kata kunci : perilaku pencegahan penyakit, skabies, santri. ABSTRACTScabies is a contagious skin disease caused by infestations of Sarcoptes scabies. Health promotion behavior including of disease prevention behaviors which means avoiding disease transmission. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between disease prevention behaviors and scabies incidence on students at saAl-Falah Putera’s boarding school Banjarbaru. The methods of this study was a retrospective study (case control study), toward the boarding students at the boarding school Al-Falah Putera’s Banjarbabaru. Respondents were divided into 2 groups: the case group (n = 36) and control group (n = 36). The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire the behavior of scabies disease prevention. The result of this study showed that behavioral scabies prevention of disease by not exchanging clothes and prayer tools in both categories as many as 52 students (72.2%), not alternating towels in both categories are as many as 59 students (81.9%), and maintain the cleanliness of the beds in both categories as many as 52 students (72.2%). The Results of Chi Square test related to scabies disease prevention behaviors by not exchanging clothes and tools prayer, not alternating towel and maintain the cleanliness of the bed showed p= 0.792, p= 1.000, p= 0.066 respectively. Keywords: disease prevention behaviors, scabies, students.

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DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSION IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.01.2714 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

SAIRA AFZAL ◽

TASNEEM FATIMA RANA ◽

SHAHID MEHMOOD

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Female Adolescent ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Psychosocial Determinants ◽

Young Females ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Adolescents and youth are the main human resource for a nation. Depression is a grave yard for hopes and prosperity making the generation sad, inactive, and having suicidal thoughts. Thus every effort should be made to create awareness and eliminate depression from our youth. Objective: To find out the psychosocial determinants of depression in female adolescent and youth. Design: Case control study. Place and duration: Lahore cant urban area, from March, 2007 to July, 2007. Material and methods: It was a community based case control study. Total 400 young females were selected. 200 cases of depression and 200 in the control group. An interview schedule including a structured, pre-tested and bilingual questionnaire was used after taking consent. SPSS and Epi info were used for data analysis. Chi square test was applied. Results: In this study the depression in adolescent and young females had statistically significant relationship with unemployment, underage marriage, early child bearing, infertility, violence, sexual harassment(p<0.05). The family history of psychiatric ill ness in first degree relatives had no statistically significant association with depression in these females (p>0.05). Conclusion: The statistically significant psychosocial determinants of depression in young and adolescent females should be rectified by creating awareness in the society

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, PARITAS, PEKERJAAN DAN INDEK MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KEJADIAN PROLAP ORGAN PANGGUL BERDASARKAN SKOR PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE QUANTIFICATION

JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS ◽

10.25077/aogj.2.1.39-44.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Ermawati Ermawati ◽

Hafni Bachtiar

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Case Control ◽

T Test ◽

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

Prolap organ panggul merupakan kondisi yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup wanita. Prolaps organ panggul ini dapat disebabkan oleh perlukaan sewaktu proses persalinan, proses penuaan, komposisi jaringan pada seorang wanita, batuk- batuk kronis, atau sering melakukan pekerjaan berat. Pengenalan dini prolaps terkait dengan prognosis pemulihan anatomik dan fungsional organ panggul. Hingga kini, penerapannya dalam dunia klinis belum banyak sehingga pelatihan dan pembelajaran lebih lanjut tentang pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) jelas diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode case control study di polikilinik Obgin RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang mulai bulan September 2013 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi sebanyak 98 orang. Dengan 49 orang kelompok kontrol dan 49 orang kelompok kasus .Analisis dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan usia, paritas, pekerjaan dan indek massa tubuh dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul berdasarkan skor POPQ. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data diuji dengan t test dan chi square test. Jika p<0,05 menunjukan hasil yang bermakna. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 27,871.terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 52,970.Dari analisa statistik pekerjaan tidak bisa di uji secara statistik.indek massa tubuh tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian prolap organ panggul.(p>0,05)

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