scholarly journals Algal Terpenoids: A Potential Source of Antioxidants for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umme Tamanna Ferdous ◽  
Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Antioxidative Property

In cancer treatment, increase in drug resistance and decrease in new chemotherapeutic drugs have become a pressing problem. Hence, searching for novel anticancer agents with less toxicity and high sensitivity is expanding gradually. Many preclinical and clinical studies indicate that natural antioxidants can help combating carcinogenicity and reduce the adverse effects on cancer therapy, when used alone or as adjuvant in chemotherapy. Consequently, marine algae pave the way for exploring more potential antioxidant compounds which have pharmaceutical importance. Algal terpenoids comprise a large group of bioactive compounds that have excellent antioxidative property and can be used as source of antioxidant in cancer therapy. This chapter summarizes the potential role of terpenoids from algal sources in inhibiting cancer cells, blocking cell cycle, hindering angiogenesis and metastasis as well as in inducing apoptosis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D-Induced Molecular Mechanisms to Potentiate Cancer Therapy and to Reverse Drug-Resistance in Cancer Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Negri ◽  
Annalisa Gentile ◽  
Cristina de Angelis ◽  
Tatiana Montò ◽  
Roberta Patalano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation

Increasing interest in studying the role of vitamin D in cancer has been provided by the scientific literature during the last years, although mixed results have been reported. Vitamin D deficiency has been largely associated with various types of solid and non-solid human cancers, and the almost ubiquitous expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) has always led to suppose a crucial role of vitamin D in cancer. However, the association between vitamin D levels and the risk of solid cancers, such as colorectal, prostate and breast cancer, shows several conflicting results that raise questions about the use of vitamin D supplements in cancer patients. Moreover, studies on vitamin D supplementation do not always show improvements in tumor progression and mortality risk, particularly for prostate and breast cancer. Conversely, several molecular studies are in agreement about the role of vitamin D in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, growth and invasiveness, cell cycle arrest and inflammatory signaling, through which vitamin D may also regulate cancer microenvironment through the activation of different molecular pathways. More recently, a role in the regulation of cancer stem cells proliferation and short non-coding microRNA (miRNAs) expression has emerged, conferring to vitamin D a more crucial role in cancer development and progression. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin D is able not only to potentiate the effects of traditional cancer therapy but can even contribute to overcome the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance—often triggering tumor-spreading. At this regard, vitamin D can act at various levels through the regulation of growth of cancer stem cells and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as through the modulation of miRNA gene expression. The current review reconsiders epidemiological and molecular literature concerning the role of vitamin D in cancer risk and tumor development and progression, as well as the action of vitamin D supplementation in potentiating the effects of drug therapy and overcoming the mechanisms of resistance often triggered during cancer therapies, by critically addressing strengths and weaknesses of available data from 2010 to 2020.

scholarly journals Rational targeted therapies to overcome microenvironment-dependent expansion of mantle cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (24) ◽  
pp. 2808-2818 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chiron ◽  
Céline Bellanger ◽  
Antonin Papin ◽  
Benoit Tessoulin ◽  
Christelle Dousset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Molecular Profiles

Key Points CD40L plus cytokines induces cell-cycle progression and loss of mitochondrial priming, leading to drug resistance in MCL. CD40L plus cytokines mimics in situ molecular profiles and allows the development of new approaches by integrating the role of the microenvironment.

scholarly journals Innovative and Sustainable Technologies to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Angela Fadda ◽  
Daniele Sanna ◽  
El Hassan Sakar ◽  
Said Gharby ◽  
Maurizio Mulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Vegetable Wastes ◽  
Natural Foods

To meet consumers’ demand for natural foods, edible oil producers and food processing industries are searching for alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to protect oils against oxidation. Antioxidant compounds extracted from different plant parts (e.g., flowers, leaves, roots, and seeds) or sourced from agri-food industries, including residues left after food processing, attract consumers for their health properties and natural origins. This review, starting from a literature research analysis, highlights the role of natural antioxidants in the protection of edible oils against oxidation, with an emphasis on the emerging and sustainable strategies to preserve oils against oxidative damage. Sustainability and health are the main concerns of food processing industries. In this context, the aim of this review is to highlight the emerging strategies for the enrichment of edible oils with biomolecules or extracts recovered from plant sources. The use of extracts obtained from vegetable wastes and by-products and the blending with oils extracted from various oil-bearing seeds is also pointed out as a sustainable approach. The safety concerns linked to the use of natural antioxidants for human health are also discussed. This review, using a multidisciplinary approach, provides an updated overview of the chemical, technological, sustainability, and safety aspects linked to oil protection.

Role of Survivin in Drug Resistant B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Eugene Park ◽  
Enzi Jiang ◽  
Gregor von Levetzow ◽  
Cihangir Duy ◽  
Lars Klemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ic50 Value

Abstract Abstract 10 Survivin/BIRC5, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein,is critical for the survival and proliferation of cancerous cells and has become the target of an increasing number of preclinical novel therapies against primarily solid tumors. Survivin is expressed in AML and ALL cells and has been implicted in leukemia relapse. Here we test the hypothesis that Survivin is critical to chemotherapeutic drug resistance in ALL. To test this hypothesis, we initially compared survivin mRNA levels in both patient-derived B-ALL cells and B-ALL cell lines versus normal B-cells in various stages of development using real-time PCR. ALL cells encompassing various cytogenetic subgroups showed significantly greater mRNA levels of Survivin versus normal B cell precursors ranging from 2 to greater than 20-fold versus controls. To determine whether Survivin contributes to drug resistance, we lentivirally overexpressed Survivin in primary B-ALL and B-ALL cell lines. Overexpression of Survivin attenuated the effect of Vincristine on ALL cell proliferation when compared to ALL cells transduced with empty vector controls. Vincristine IC50 value determination for the control was 0.1 nM, whereas Survivin overexpression resulted an IC50 value of 10 nM (p<0.01). Similarly, significantly higher concentrations of L-Asparaginase (>0.01 U/l vs ab >0.1; p<0.05) and Dexamethasone (0.1 nmol/l vs >10 nmol/l; p<0.013) were needed to achieve drug cytotoxicity. We conclude that Survivin overexpression decreases sensitivity of ALL cells to standard chemotherapy. Conversely, lentivirally-mediated survivin shRNA knockdown of the same cell type significantly sensitized a greater percentage of the leukemia to 10nM vincristine versus non-silencing controls. Survivin shRNA targeting resulted in a 30.2% greater affected population than controls, assayed using MTT (p<0.003). Overexpression or knockdown of Survivin was confirmed by Western Blot and real-time PCR. Of note, expression levels of Survivin is heterogeneous within the same ALL sample: Transduction of patient-derived ALL cells with a Survivin-GFP reporter construct revealed that a small subpopulation of Survivin-GFP high ALL exhibiting approximately 7-fold higher levels of endogenous Survivin than bulk leukemia cells. Consistent with cell cycle-dependent regulation of Survivin, Survivin-GFP high ALL were enriched in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In addition, endogenous variations of Survivin protein levels were in the same range as changes in Survivin protein levels in overexpression and knockdown experiments, which indicates that these experiments tested physiologically occurring levels of Survivin. Next, we determined whether Survivin contributes to self-renewal of drug resistant ALL cells. Survivin overexpression of primary samples yielded three times more colonies, than controls in a primary plating CFU assay (p<0.019). Taken together, our data suggests that targeting Survivin in B-ALL may sensitize to chemotherapy and highlights the role of Survivin in drug resistant B-ALL as a target for novel therapies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Repositioning Natural Antioxidants for Therapeutic Applications in Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Marrazzo ◽  
Cian O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Tissue Recovery

Although a large panel of natural antioxidants demonstrate a protective effect in preventing cellular oxidative stress, their low bioavailability limits therapeutic activity at the targeted injury site. The importance to deliver drug or cells into oxidative microenvironments can be realized with the development of biocompatible redox-modulating materials. The incorporation of antioxidant compounds within implanted biomaterials should be able to retain the antioxidant activity, while also allowing graft survival and tissue recovery. This review summarizes the recent literature reporting the combined role of natural antioxidants with biomaterials. Our review highlights how such functionalization is a promising strategy in tissue engineering to improve the engraftment and promote tissue healing or regeneration.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Structure–Function Relationships of a Novel Frog Skin Secretion-Derived Bioactive Peptide, t-DPH1, through Use of Rational Design, Cationicity Enhancement and In Vitro Studies

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Haixin Qin ◽  
Hantian Fang ◽  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chengbang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Peptide T ◽  
Alternative Choice

Amphibian skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted increasing attention from scientists because of their excellent bioactivity and low drug resistance. In addition to being the alternative choice of antibiotics or anticancer agents, natural AMPs can also be modified as templates to optimise their bioactivities further. Here, a novel dermaseptin peptide, t-DPH1, with extensive antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative activity, was isolated from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis through ‘shotgun’ cloning. A series of cationicity-enhanced analogues of t-DPH1 were designed to further improve its bioactivities and explore the charge threshold of enhancing the bioactivity of t-DPH1. The present data suggest that improving the net charge can enhance the bioactivities to some extent. However, when the charge exceeds a specific limit, the bioactivities decrease or remain the same. When the net charge achieves the limit, improving the hydrophobicity makes no sense to enhance bioactivity. For t-DPH1, the upper limit of the net charge was +7. All the designed cationicity-enhanced analogues produced no drug resistance in the Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. These findings provide creative insights into the role of natural drug discovery in providing templates for structural modification for activity enhancement.

scholarly journals The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Chemoresistance of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Yabing Liang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Jingwu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Stem Cell Regulation ◽  
Novel Drugs

The hedgehog pathway, which plays a significant role in embryonic development and stem cell regulation, is activated in gastrointestinal cancers. Chemotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment. However, chemoresistance becomes a substantial obstacle in cancer therapy. This review focuses on the recent advances in the hedgehog pathway’s roles in drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers and the novel drugs and strategies targeting hedgehog signaling.

The Role of RNA Modifications and RNA-modifying Proteins in Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Wood ◽  
Amber Willbanks ◽  
Jason X. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genome Wide

: The advent of new genome-wide sequencing technologies has uncovered abnormal RNA modifications and RNA editing in a variety of human cancers. The discovery of reversible RNA N6-methyladenosine (RNA: m6A) by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase has led to exponential publications on the pathophysiological functions of m6A and its corresponding RNA modifying proteins (RMPs) in the past decade. Some excellent reviews have summarized the recent progress in this field [1-11]. Compared to the extent of research into RNA: m6A and DNA 5-methylcytosine (DNA: m5C) [12], much less is known about other RNA modifications and their associated RMPs, such as the role of RNA: m5C and its RNA cytosine methyltransferases (RCMTs) in cancer therapy and drug resistance [13-17]. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress surrounding the function, intramolecular distribution and subcellular localization of several major RNA modifications, including 5′ cap N7-methylguanosine (m7G) and 2′-O-methylation (Nm), m6A, m5C, A-to-I editing, and the associated RMPs. We will then discuss dysregulation of those RNA modifications and RMPs in cancer and their role in cancer therapy and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Xu ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Wenmin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Novel Strategy

Abstract Bacteria-based living anticancer agents have emerged as promising therapeutics. However, the functional role of autophagy in bacterial cancer therapy has been little investigated. In this study, Salmonella VNP20009 induced autophagy in B16F10 cells, which is an unfavorable factor in bacterial cancer therapy. Inhibiting the induction of autophagy by chloroquine or siRNA in bacterial cancer therapy dose- and time-dependently promoted cell death. The combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine not only enhanced the bacterial tumor targeting ability but also facilitated the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. Our results showed that the combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine could significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival time. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the anti-cancer efficacy of bacterial cancer therapy.

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