scholarly journals Food Supplementation with Vitamins and Minerals: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam El Ati-Hellal ◽  
Fayçal Hellal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Harmful Effects

Vitamins are organic substances that are essential for normal metabolism, growth, development, and regulation of cell function. Mineral elements are non-organic substances. They constitute 4% of the body mass. Multivitamins and minerals are commonly used as dietary supplements to maintain good health and prevent chronic diseases. In this chapter, we described selected vitamins and minerals used as nutritional supplements. We presented their dietary sources as well as their absorption, metabolism, storage and functions in human body. We also discussed their benefits and potential harmful effects associated with deficiency or excess intake. The prevalence, recommended intakes, regulatory status and health effects of supplementation with these micronutrients were also detailed. Finally, the use of vitamins and minerals as food additives was described in this chapter.

scholarly journals Optimization of the process of mixing liquid-phase heterogeneous products

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
L. E. Glagoleva ◽  
N. P. Zatsepilina ◽  
M. V. Kopylov ◽  
S. O. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
And Performance

The leading direction in the field of nutrition is the creation of a range of products that contribute to improving health when they are used daily in the diet. The urgency of studying bovine colostrum-colostrum, which is an immune-modeling animal raw material, has been substantiated. Colostrum is a natural source of all the ingredients needed to build immunity. Biologically active substances contained in cow colostrum contribute to: restoration of immunity; restoration of the intestines and stomach; strengthening the nervous system; renewal of brain cells; improving emotional tone and mood; increasing vitality and performance; slowing down the aging process; protection against diseases of the intestines and stomach, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis and a number of other diseases. Colostrum contains a minimum of 37 immune factors and 8 growth factors that help the body fight disease and promote good health and longevity. The classes of immunoglobulins contained in colostrum, which represent the bulk of whey proteins, have been studied. Colostrum is a limited source of raw materials, its production period is short, there are many opportunities for industrial use, but due to the small amount of raw materials, the market remains undeveloped, with the exception of food additives. Taking into account the extensive therapeutic and medicinal properties of colostrum, its unique composition and properties, its composition and physicochemical properties were investigated, the fractionation parameters were determined using various systems. To process the experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the possibility and prospects of using colostroma in food production technology.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Benefits of Minerals in Meat and Meat Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Essential Minerals ◽  
Muscle Foods

Minerals are chemical elements that organisms require as a necessary nutrient to sustain good health at various stages of life. To support human biochemical processes, including structural and functional activity in the body, at least twenty mineral elements are required. However, inadequate consumption of these essential minerals in the human diet can result in metabolic problems, organ damage, chronic diseases, and death. Mineral deficiency affects roughly two billion people globally, the bulk of whom live in third-world nations. Among those, infants and pregnant women are more susceptible to the mineral shortage in the body. To avoid these deficiencies, humans need to consume muscle foods, which are superior sources of essential minerals, particularly zinc, selenium, phosphorus, iron, etc. compared to plant-based foods. Minerals derived from muscle foods are easier to absorb in the body than minerals derived from plant foods. However, the amount of essential minerals in muscle foods varies widely and depends on several factors, including nutrition, species, breed, sex, age at slaughter, muscle types, physiological status, production system, and post-mortem factors such as processing and analytical methods. The present study discusses the mineral composition of different muscle foods, factors affecting the mineral contents in different muscle foods and the beneficial and important roles that minerals play in human health.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of Autoimmune Diseases

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Harmful Effects

The human organism is a very complex system. To be in good health, its components must function properly. One of the most important systems of an organism is the immune system. It protects the body from the harmful effects of various external and internal agents. Sometimes, however, the immune system starts attacking its own healthy cells, tissues and organs. Then autoimmune diseases arise. They are widespread in recent decades. There is evidence that often autoimmune responses occur due to viral infections. In this paper, a new mathematical model of a general autoimmune disease is proposed. It describes the interactions between viral particles and host cells. The model is formulated by using integro-differential equations of Boltzmann type. This approach is typical for the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. A preliminary qualitative and quantitative analysis of the model is presented.

Natural antioxidants: sources, extraction and application in food systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sardarodiyan ◽  
Ali Mohamadi Sani
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Harmful Effects

Purpose The study aims to describe the main classes of antioxidants existing in fruit, beverages, vegetables and herbs and the different extraction and application of antioxidants in food. Oxidative degradation of lipids, especially induced by reactive oxygen species, leads to quality deterioration of foods and cosmetics and could have harmful effects on health. A major challenge is to develop tools to assess the antioxidant capacity and real efficacy of these molecules. Recently, many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However, none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (sources, extraction and application in food). Design/methodology/approach This paper tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field. Findings Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example, preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases and lowering the incidence of different diseases. A number of plant products act as scavengers of free radical species and so have been classified as antioxidants. Antioxidants are an important group of food additives that have the ability to protect against detrimental change of oxidizable nutrients and consequently they extend shelf-life of foods. Research limitations/implications Most of the antioxidants present in foods are phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, but their efficacy in food for the prevention of oxidation or in the body for dealing with oxidative stress and its consequences depends on different factors. Originality/value This study collected the last finding in the field of sources and applications of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals ЗМІНА ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ У DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER НА ФОНІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОНДИТЕРСЬКОГО АРОМАТИЗАТОРА «ВАНІЛІН»

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
M. A. Kryzhanovska ◽  
N. Ia. Holub
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Line ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays it is difficult to imagine the food industry without the use of various food additives, such as flavors, flavor enhancers, emulsifiers, dyes and other food mixtures, which make food both tasty looking and delicious. Vanilla is found in many essential oils, particularly in the pods of Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla pompona. Natural extract of the most popular fragrance in the world is very expensive and is not available in stores. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the food industry, the artificial Vanillin flavor is made. The negative effect of synthetic vanillin is quite obvious, because it contains chemical compounds harmful to health. The most dangerous component of this fragrance is coumarine. Since this mixture is a carcinogen, it can ruin the liver. In addition, imitation of natural vanillin does not contain the salubrious components present in the authentic product. Taking into consideration the fact that the use of synthetic “Vanillin” flavor is widely used by the food industry and the harmful effects on the body have not been properly studied, there is a need to study the effect of “Vanillin” flavor on the physiological and reproductive functions of organisms. As the object of study, Drosophila melanogaster of lines Normal, vestigial, and white have been used, their descendants have been counted. Aiming to study the genotoxic effects of the liquid synthetic “Vanillin” flavor, it was added to a standard nutrient medium (50 ml) at the recommended dose (0.25 mg), a dose of 10-fold (2.5 mg) and a dose of 20-fold (5 mg) The medium was dispensed into test tubes, each of them containing 14 Drosophila melanogaster flies (6 females and 8 males). The quantity of each line has been calculated on the 8th, 12th and 16th days. It was experimentally determined that the use of the recommended dose of flavoring as well as the doses increased by 10 and 20 times, contributed to the increase in the number of Normal line compared to the control group by 10.98%, 9.89% and 5.92% respectively. An increase in number was also observed in the vestigial line. The white line showed a decrease in offspring by 21.3% and 11.1%, respectively, after the addition of the recommended dose and the dose increased by 10 times. However, the addition of 10-fold increased dose resulted in an increase by 137%.

Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Ria Hayatun Nur ◽  
Indahwati A ◽  
Erfiani A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

scholarly journals Semen quality as a potential susceptibility indicator to SARS-CoV-2 insults in polluted areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Montano ◽  
Francesco Donato ◽  
Pietro Massimiliano Bianco ◽  
Gennaro Lettieri ◽  
Antonino Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractThe epidemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted worldwide with its infectious spread and mortality rate. Thousands of articles have been published to tackle this crisis and many of these have indicated that high air pollution levels may be a contributing factor to high outbreak rates of COVID-19. Atmospheric pollutants, indeed, producing oxidative stress, inflammation, immuno-unbalance, and systemic coagulation, may be a possible significant co-factor of further damage, rendering the body prone to infections by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. Spermatozoa are extremely responsive to prooxidative effects produced by environmental pollutants and may serve as a powerful alert that signals the extent that environmental pressure, in a specific area, is doing damage to humans. In order to improve our current knowledge on this topic, this review article summarizes the relevant current observations emphasizing the weight that environmental pollution has on the sensitivity of a given population to several diseases and how semen quality, may be a potential indicator of sensitivity for virus insults (including SARS-CoV-2) in high polluted areas, and help to predict the risk for harmful effects of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. In addition, this review focused on the potential routes of virus transmission that may represent a population health risk and also identified the areas of critical importance that require urgent research to assess and manage the COVID-19 outbreak.

Perception of the risk of contamination through feeding in pregnant and breastfeeding women

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Company-Morales ◽  
A Fontalba-Navas ◽  
M F Rubio-Jimenez ◽  
V Gil-Aguilar ◽  
J P Arrebola
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Introduction Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) are substances that are characterized by the cumulative effect at low doses inside the body. Exposure to PTS in pregnant and breastfeeding women, through food consumption, shows various harmful effects on the health of the mother, the fetus and the baby. The objective of this article is to analyze how pregnant and breastfeeding women perceive the presence of chemical substances in food and reflect on the accumulation, transmission and elimination of these substances. Methodology Descriptive and interpretive study under the qualitative research paradigm following a phenomenological and ethnographic perspective. As instruments to obtain the primary data we rely on 111 semi-structured interviews with pregnant and breastfeeding women, 4 focused ethnographies, 8 focus groups (63 women), 71 feeding diaries, 71 free listings. To encode the content of the speeches of pregnant and nursing women we rely on the N-Vivo 12 software. Results Pregnant and breastfeeding women are concerned about food quality controls. Women trust on local and seasonal foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables from non-extensive crops and close to their home. Foods that produce distrust in women are processed, packaged foods, red meat and large fish. The latter foods promote in women a perception of risk of contamination by chemical substances, manifesting a defenseless situation to maintain a diet without contaminants. Conclusions Pregnant and breastfeeding women in Spain have no information on the risk and danger of synthetic chemicals or PTS, with the exception of certain toxic substances such as mercury present in large fish. Women maintain a duality in their own care and that of the fetus or child. This circumstance implies that the women interviewed believe that PTS and synthetic chemicals may have different harmful effects on the mother and the degree of growth of the fetus and, subsequently, of the baby. Key messages Future mothers are worried about the type of product they eat, knowing that food influences healthy growth and development of the fetus. Pregnant and breastfeeding women often distrust “processed” or “industrial” foods, which they tend to associate with low quality and large amounts of additives and chemical substances.

Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
A. K. Lawrence ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pancreatic B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
System Input

Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation.

Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Luneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Physiological Processes

Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.

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