scholarly journals In-Liquid Plasma: A Novel Tool for Nanofabrication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash Jyoti Boruah ◽  
Parismita Kalita ◽  
Heremba Bailung
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Liquid Precursor ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This chapter focuses on synthesising nanomaterials using an emerging technology called In-Liquid Plasma, i.e., plasma generation inside a liquid. The generation of various reactive species and energetic electrons in the plasma zone plays a crucial role in synthesising nanomaterials. They act as the reducing agent. Non-requirement of the toxic chemical reducing agents make In-Liquid Plasma an environmentally friendly green approach to fabricate nanomaterials. This method enables the simultaneous synthesis of nanoparticles from the electrode material and liquid precursor, which gains much importance on the single-step synthesis of nanocomposites. Moreover, it gives flexibility in controlling both the physical and chemical parameters, which provide fine-tuning required for the size, shape and composition of nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Microwave Discharges in Liquid Hydrocarbons: Physical and Chemical Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
2D Simulation ◽  
Dielectric Liquids ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microwave Discharges

Microwave discharges in dielectric liquids are a relatively new area of plasma physics and plasma application. This review cumulates results on microwave discharges in wide classes of liquid hydrocarbons (alkanes, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons). Methods of microwave plasma generation, composition of gas products and characteristics of solid carbonaceous products are described. Physical and chemical characteristics of discharge are analyzed on the basis of plasma diagnostics and 0D, 1D and 2D simulation.

Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvat Zafar ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Fakhra Jabeen ◽  
Miad Ali Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: Nanotechnology studies the various phenomena of physio-chemical procedures and biological properties for the generation of nanosized particles, and their rising challenges in the various sectors, like medicine, engineering, agriculture, electronic, and environmental studies. The nanosized particles exhibit good anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, drug delivery, anti-parasitic, anti-coagulant and catalytic properties because of their unique dimensions with large surface area, chemical stability and higher binding density for the accumulation of various bio-constituents on their surfaces. Biological approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reviewed because it is an easy and single-step protocol and a viable substitute for the synthetic chemical-based procedures. Physical and chemical approaches for the production of AgNPs are also mentioned herein. Biological synthesis has drawn attention because it is cost-effective, faster, non-pathogenic, environment-friendly, easy to scale-up for large-scale synthesis, and having no demand for usage of high pressure, energy, temperature, or noxious chemical ingredients, and safe for human therapeutic use. Therefore, the collaboration of nanomaterials with bio-green approaches could extend the utilization of biological and cytological properties compatible with AgNPs. In this perspective, there is an immediate need to develop ecofriendly and biocompatible techniques, which strengthen efficacy against microbes and minimize toxicity for human cells. The present study introduces the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their potential biomedical applications have also been reviewed.

A new strategy for CO2 utilization with waste plastics: conversion of hydrogen carbonate into formate using polyvinyl chloride in water

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Lu ◽  
Heng Zhong ◽  
Tianfu Wang ◽  
Jianeng Wu ◽  
Fangming Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
New Strategy

A new and green approach for hydrogen carbonate reduction and PVC dechlorination in water in a single step.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of HAp@Ag Nanocomposite Using Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Extract and Eggshell

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xuan Nui Pham ◽  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
Ngan Thi Pham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Approach

In recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles via biological processes has attracted considerable attention. Herein, we introduce a facile and green approach for the synthesis of poriferous silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) decorated hydroxylapatite (HAp@Ag) nanoparticles with excellent antibacterial properties. All the nanocomposites were fully characterized in the solid state via various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), in which the synthesized Ag-NPs (24 nm in diameter) and their homogeneous incorporation on HAp have been studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The obtained results indicate that the structure and morphology of HAp have no significant changes after the incorporation of Ag-NPs on its surface. Moreover, an impressive antibacterial activity of HAp@Ag nanocomposite against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been recorded by using the agar well diffusion method. As a result, the HAp@Ag nanocomposite promises to be a great biomedical material with high antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals WH-EA: An Evolutionary Algorithm for Wiener-Hammerstein System Identification

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zambrano ◽  
J. Sanchis ◽  
J. M. Herrero ◽  
M. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Nonlinear System Identification ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Hammerstein Model ◽  
Hammerstein System ◽  
Hammerstein Systems ◽  
Novel Approach

Current methods to identify Wiener-Hammerstein systems using Best Linear Approximation (BLA) involve at least two steps. First, BLA is divided into obtaining front and back linear dynamics of the Wiener-Hammerstein model. Second, a refitting procedure of all parameters is carried out to reduce modelling errors. In this paper, a novel approach to identify Wiener-Hammerstein systems in a single step is proposed. This approach is based on a customized evolutionary algorithm (WH-EA) able to look for the best BLA split, capturing at the same time the process static nonlinearity with high precision. Furthermore, to correct possible errors in BLA estimation, the locations of poles and zeros are subtly modified within an adequate search space to allow a fine-tuning of the model. The performance of the proposed approach is analysed by using a demonstration example and a nonlinear system identification benchmark.

scholarly journals Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2354-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Naghdi ◽  
Mehrdad Taheran ◽  
Satinder Kaur Brar ◽  
M Verma ◽  
R Y Surampalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Green Reagents

In the last decade, researchers paid great attention to the concept of “Green Chemistry”, which aims at development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of the least possible impact on human life and environment. Generally, several reagents including precursors, reducing agents, stabilizing agents and solvents are used for the production of NPs and in some cases, energy is needed to reach the optimum temperature for reduction. Therefore, to develop a green approach, researchers had the opportunity to investigate eco-friendly reagents and new energy transfer techniques. In order to substitute the harmful reagents with green ones, researchers worked on different types of saccharides, polyols, carboxylic acids, polyoxometalates and extracts of various plants that can play the role of reducers, stabilizers or solvents. Also, there are some reports on using ultraviolet (UV), gamma and microwave irradiation that are capable of reducing and provide uniform heating. According to the literature, it is possible to use green reagents and novel energy transfer techniques for production of NPs. However, these new synthesis routes should be optimized in terms of performance, cost, product quality (shape and size distribution) and scale-up capability. This paper presents a review on most of the employed green reagents and new energy transfer techniques for the production of metallic NPs.

scholarly journals A Review on Recent Advances in Stabilizing Peptides/Proteins upon Fabrication in Hydrogels from Biodegradable Polymers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Raza ◽  
Hajra Zafar ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Aftab -Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Hydrogels evolved as an outstanding carrier material for local and controlled drug delivery that tend to the shortcomings of old conventional dosage forms for small drugs (NSAIDS) and large peptides and proteins. Aqueous swellable and crosslinked polymeric network structure of hydrogels is composed of various natural, synthetic and semisynthetic biodegradable polymers. Hydrogels have remarkable properties of functionality, reversibility, sterilizability, and biocompatibility. All these dynamic properties of hydrogels have increased the interest in their use as a carrier for peptides and proteins to be released slowly in a sustained manner. The therapeutical peptide and proteins are remarkable therapeutic agents in today’s world that allows the treatment of severe, chronic and life‐threatening diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis in an easy manner. Despite few limitations, hydrogels provide fine tuning of proteins and peptides delivery with enormous impact in clinical medicine. The primary objective of this article is to review current issues concerned with the therapeutics peptides and proteins and impact of remarkable properties of hydrogels on these therapeutic agents. Different routes for pharmaceutical peptides and proteins and superiority over other drugs candidates are presented. The article will also review literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different basis, polymers used, release mechanisms their physical and chemical characteristics and diverse applications.

scholarly journals Supercapacitors based on graphene/pseudocapacitive materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Denis Sacer ◽  
Magdalena Kralj ◽  
Suzana Sopcic ◽  
Milica Kosevic ◽  
Aleksandar Dekanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Single Step ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Composites of graphene and SnO2 were successfully prepared by a single step simultaneous synthesis of SnO2 and reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Three different compositions of precursor solution resulted in different composite materials containing graphene and SnO2. The reaction was realized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) gave insight into the morphology and composition of the obtained materials. Good capacitive/pseudocapacitive properties of the obtained material suitable for supercapacitor application were registered by cyclic voltammetry, from where specific capacitance values up to 93 F g-1 were determined.

scholarly journals Use of Cerium Nitrate Nanoparticles in Biological Environment Along with the Factors Effecting It: An Empirical Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarish Fatima ◽  
Sameer Quazi ◽  
Shreelaxmi Gavas ◽  
Tomasz Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nano Ceria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The advancement in the production and usage of the cerium oxide nanoparticles have diverted the attention of scientists towards their usage in medical field and therapeutic usage. The clinical usage of these Nano ceria is based on their ability to moderate the oxidative stress and this is only because of their ability to change their valent state from +3 to +4 which makes them ideal for scavenging radicals for use in a number of systemic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to synthesize the basic methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticles along with the use of ligand, stabilizing agent and other components. This review also concludes that how various physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles effect the basic biological activities such as antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and many others. However, during the standardization, some of the physiochemical properties, methods used for preparation and catalytic abilities must be taken into account.

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