scholarly journals Activating the Protein Synthesis Signaling by HIIT Concomitant with the Suppression of Protein Degradation in Wistar Rats’ Skeletal Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Gholipour ◽  
Soheyla Mazaheri

Background: Muscle loss occurs in some conditions such as aging, sarcopenia, and cancer. The interaction between protein synthesis and degradation signaling components induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is not well studied. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously examine the effect of eight-week HIIT on the gene expression of both signaling components. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to HIIT and non-exercise control groups. The HIIT group ran on a treadmill, five days/week for eight weeks, with 0º slope, including five interval sets of high and low intensity. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, dissected soleus muscles were stored at -80°C for later analyses. Results: The gene expression of Akt1, mTORC1, and S6K1 were increased in the HIIT group compared with the control group (All P ≤ 0.031) concomitant with the suppression of eIF4EBP1. The results of the S6K1 and eIF4EBP1 mRNA were also confirmed by the Western blotting. According to the inhibitory effect of Akt1, the gene expressions of FoxO3a and, consequently, MuRF1 and LC3A were significantly inhibited (All P ≤ 0.003). Western blot analysis did not confirm the LC3A protein expression, which may underline the role of LC3A in autophagy to promote cell survival. Conclusions: The intensities and durations of the exercise training protocol are sufficient to increase protein synthesis signaling components and especially inhibit the atrophy-related gene expression, which may lead to attenuating muscle loss and increasing muscle mass. Accordingly, it may be considered for rehabilitation and/or prevention of some conditions such as sarcopenia and cachexia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Dhanush Haspula ◽  
Michelle A. Clark

Angiotensin (Ang) II is well-known to have potent pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects in the brain. Extensive crosstalk between the primary Ang II receptor, Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R), and the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) has been demonstrated by various groups in the last decade. Since activation of glial CB1R has been demonstrated to play a key role in the resolution of inflammatory states, we investigated the role of Ang II (100 nM) and/or ACEA (10 nM), a potent CB1R-specific agonist in the regulation of inflammatory markers in astrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar rats. Astrocytes were cultured from brainstems and cerebellums of SHR and Wistar rats and assayed for IL1β and IL10 gene expression and secreted fraction, in treated and non-treated cells, by employing qPCR and ELISA, respectively. mRNA expression of both IL10 and IL1β were significantly elevated in untreated brainstem and cerebellar astrocytes isolated from SHR when compared to Wistar astrocytes. No changes were observed in the secreted fraction. While ACEA-treatment resulted in a significant increase in IL10 gene expression in Wistar brainstem astrocytes (Log2FC ≥ 1, p < 0.05), its effect in SHR brainstem astrocytes was diminished. Ang II treatment resulted in a strong inhibitory effect on IL10 gene expression in astrocytes from both brain regions of SHR and Wistar rats (Log2FC ≤ −1, p < 0.05), and an increase in IL1β gene expression in brainstem astrocytes from both strains (Log2FC ≥ 1, p < 0.05). Co-treatment of Ang II and ACEA resulted in neutralization of Ang II-mediated effect in Wistar brainstem and cerebellar astrocytes, but not SHR astrocytes. Neither Ang II nor ACEA resulted in any significant changes in IL10 or IL1β secreted proteins. These data suggest that Ang II and ACEA have opposing roles in the regulation of inflammatory gene signature in astrocytes isolated from SHR and Wistar rats. This however does not translate into changes in their secreted fractions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Iozzi Silva ◽  
Paulo Cézar Novais ◽  
Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues ◽  
Camila A.M. Carvalho ◽  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the control group, the microRNA-219 in brain tissue was less expressed in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the blood, this microRNA had lower expression in alcoholic and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the brain tissue the NMDA gene expression was greater in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. Conclusion: A possible modulation of NMDA by microRNA-219 was observed with an inverse correlation between them.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Vahid Azizi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Oryan ◽  
Homayuon Khazali ◽  
Abdolkarim Hosseini

Introduction: The neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the neural circuits of the hypothalamus has a stimulating effect on reproductive activities in mammals. Kisspeptin (KiSS1) is a quintessential neurotransmitter in the reproductive axis which directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. The distribution of KiSS1 expressing cells in the pituitary was described previously. Despite earlier reports showing the KiSS1 receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) expression in the pituitary, the potential physiological roles of kisspeptin at this gland have remained obscure. Accordingly, this study investigated the role of NPY on the relative expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland in male Wistar rats. Methods: In general, 20 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g in 4 groups (5 in each group) received saline, NPY (2.3 nM), BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist, 7.8 nM), and NPY+ BIBP3226. Then, they received the simultaneous injection of these molecules through the third ventricle of the brain. Finally, the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the anterior pituitary were quantitatively analyzed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The central injection of NPY increased the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland compared to the control group although the injection of BIBP3226 eradicated these effects. However, the gene expression of Gpr54 in the rats receiving NPY coupled with BIBP3226 in hypophysis in comparison to the group receiving only NPY demonstrated a significant reduction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the central injection of NPY stimulated the gene expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 in the pituitary gland.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxin Li ◽  
Lidong Zhai ◽  
Wanfu Wei

Rheumatoid arthritis, a synthesized form of adjuvant arthritis exhibited throughout many animal species, inhibits liver function and circulation of IGF-I and contributes to the degradation of skeletal muscle mass. One of the primary goals of the present study is determining whether a high-Methionine (high-Met) diet is capable of reducing the adverse effects of arthritis, namely, loss of body mass. Following adjuvant injection, forty arthritic rats were randomly assigned to either a control group with a basal diet or a high-Met group with the same basal diet + 0.5% Methionine. After 14 days all rats were terminated. The high-Met group exhibited an increase in body weight and food intake in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). High-Met diet debilitated arthritis-induced surges in the gastrocnemius in both atrogin-1 and the MuRF1 expressions; however, it was observed to have little to no effect on atrogin-1 and MuRF1 gene expression in soleus. At the same time, high-Met diet rats experienced a rise in IGF-I, with lowering of IGFBP-3 gene expression in the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These data suggest that arthritis severity can be partly attenuated by high-Met diet.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro O. Minchenko

AbstractObjective. The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dysregulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes through changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes.Methods. The expression level of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, HLA-F, and NFX1 genes as well as miR-190b was measured in the blood of obese adolescents without signs of resistance to insulin and with insulin resistance in comparison with the group of relative healthy control individuals without signs of obesity.Results. It was shown that obesity without signs of insulin resistance is associated with upregulation of the expression level of HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1 genes, but with down-regulation of HLA-G gene expression in the blood as compared to control group of relative healthy adolescents. At the same time, no significant changes were observed in the expression level of HLA-F and NFX1 genes in the blood of this group of obese adolescents. Development of insulin resistance in obese individuals leads to significant down-regulation of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, and HLA-F gene expressions as well as to up-regulation of NFX1 gene as well as microRNA miR-190b in the blood as compared to obese patients without signs of insulin resistance.Conclusions. Results of this study provide evidence that obesity affects the expression of the subset of genes related to immune response in the blood and that development of insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with strong down-regulation of the expressions of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-F, and HLA-G genes, which may be contribute to the development of obesity complications. It is possible that transcription factor NFX1 and miR-190b participate in downregulation of HLA-DRA gene expression in the blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance.


Author(s):  
Shiva Ghafari ◽  
Parvaneh Nazarali ◽  
Ameneh Razavi ◽  
Maryam Delfan

Introduction: The adipose tissue produces and releases peptides that contributes to various processes in body, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous aerobic training versus high intensity interval training on Resistin and insulin levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental research, twenty-four Wistar rats became diabetic in seven months. In next phase, after introducing the training environment, Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups of six each: control, continuous (20 minutes, 60% maximum speed) and intense interval (2 minutes of activity with 80% maximum speed, 2 minutes recovery with 30% maximum speed). The rats trained five times a week for eight weeks. Resistin gene expression and plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured before and after eight weeks. One-way ANOVA was carried out at P<0.05 for statistical analysis using SPSS software version16. Results: Regardless the type of training, differences between pre and post training results was statistically significant for insulin (P=0.024), glucose (P=0.037), insulin resistance (P=0.001) and Resistin (P=0.009). Interval training leads to the significant changes in all factors except the Resistin gene expression (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between changes in insulin resistance and Resistin gene expression (P=0.005, r=0.63). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that training is an effective factor in insulin resistance process and related factors in diabetes, and Resistin also play a role in this process, but it seems that regular training is more important factor than its type to change the Expression of Resistin.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2955-2962
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Khaled Al-kafaween ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi ◽  
Mohamed M. Soliman

Trigona honey (TH) is well known for its therapeutic characteristics. To date, the study of Trigona honey as a prophylactic or immune booster prior to the bacterial infection of the invivo model is not well covered. This study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory and immune activities in Wistar rats infected with respiratory infection following with Trigona honey. 25 Wistar rats were assigned to possitive groups, negative control group, positive control group was fed TH (5 g / kg body weight) orally, the untreated group was infected with Staphylococcus aureus to induce respiratory infection, the treated group has been infected with S. aureus followed by treatment with TH at a dose of 1.5 ×108 CFU / mL and the preventive group ingested TH one week before S. aureus infection. Blood was obtained for biochemical analysis. Lung tissues have been collected for molecular examination. The results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the preventive and treated groups, serum IgG increased significantly (P<0.05) in the preventive and treated groups, IFN-y increased in the preventive group while decreased in the treated group, and IL-8 increased in the treated group while decreased in the preventive group. The mRNA expression of AGP is up-regulated in the positive control, preventive and treated groups. The α2-MG, TNF-α , and mRNA expressions showed lower regulation after administration of TH in preventive and treated groups. The results show the ability of TH to counteract immune and inflammatory changes in serum levels and gene expressions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linling LI ◽  
Jie YU ◽  
Honghui YUAN ◽  
Sanxing ZHA ◽  
Kun DENG ◽  
...  

As one of the rare and precious wood species since the ancient times, Gingko is also known as “living fossil”, which is a special plant resource of China. Gingko leaves, containing rich flavonoids, are valued with great medicinal significances. This paper treated Ginkgo seedlings by exogenous Sodium selenite (SS) in two ways: Foliage dressing (FD) and Root application (RA). Then transcriptome sequencing and metabolome test are performed. Results show that external SS has significant influence on the related gene expression level of flavonoids synthesis ways of Gingko, the FD can significantly induce gene expressions as CHS, FLS, FOMT, PAL, MYB1 and MYB2, and RA can significantly induce gene expressions as FOMT, MYB1 and MYB2. Compared with the control group, FA selenium application can help to accumulation of flavonoids, flavonols, flavonoids-C and isoflavones, especially quercetin and kaempferol that had a remarkable increase. This proved that a proper concentration of inorganic SS could promote the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids in Gingko. qRT-PCR analysis also depicts that leaves treatment of sodium selenite can remarkably enhance the gene expression of CHS, FLS, FOMT and PAL, and RA selenium application can induce the gene expression of FLS and FOMT, but restrain the gene expression of CHS and PAL. Through the ways of FD and RA selenium application, this paper basically studied the regulatory effect of SS on ginkgo flavonoids synthesis and has laid a theoretical basis to improve flavonoids content in Ginkgo leaves through cultivation control means.   *********   In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.   *********


2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Zokaei ◽  
Mehran Ghahramani

Background: The creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) isoenzyme level is useful in determining the myocardial infarction (MI) extent and time. Evidence indicates the possible effect of exercise training on reducing the amount of CPK-MB, but the proper intensity of exercise is still unclear. Objectives: In this study the effect of intensity of exercise training on creatinine kinas after a myocardial infarction in plasma levels of male Wistar rats was comparing. Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats at 10 weeks of age were divided in to four groups [low (N = 8), moderate (N = 8), and high (N = 8) intensity interval training and a control (N = 8) group (no exercise)]. Six weeks later, rats became MI patients through surgery. CPK-MB plasma levels were investigated before training, immediately after training for six weeks as well as 12 hours after MI. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure and Tukey (α ≥ 0.05). Results: The results showed that changes in CK enzyme at 12 hours after MI in LIIT (113.88 ± 19.25), MIIT (135.88 ± 35.58) and HIIT (105.75 ± 19.05) were statistically significant compared to the control group (124.62 ± 23.41) only in 12 hours after MI and this reduction in the low-intensity interval training group was significant than the other two groups (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: In this study, six weeks of interval training with each intensity was likely to make cardiac cells resistant to necrosis resulting in low levels of the CPK-MB enzyme compared to the control group after the myocardial infarction event.


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