Frequency of inflammatory complications following surgical tooth extraction and the efficiency of postoperative protocols for their prevention

Introduction: Surgical tooth extraction is one of the most common surgical procedures in oral surgery nowadays. The post-extraction period is usually uneventful, however, in some cases, the healing process may be affected by the extraction trauma or by the impact of bacteria at the surgical site. Aim: The aim of this paper is to establish the frequency of inflammatory complications, specifically surgical site infections and alveolar osteitis, after surgical extractions, and to explore the impact of antiseptics and antibiotics regarding the prevention of these complications. Material and methods: A number of 60 patients was included in this research, divided into three research groups according to the post-operative treatment type prescribed. The first group consisted of the patients who had been prescribed antibiotics, while the second group consisted of the patients who had been instructed to rinse their mouth with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate rinse postoperatively. Control group consisted of the patients who had not been prescribed any treatment. The postoperative check-ups were done on the second and the seventh day after the surgery, where it was checked if there were any clinical signs of infection or alveolar osteitis at the surgical site. Results: The study consisted of 60 patients, out of which a total of 67 teeth were extracted. Two patients were diagnosed alveolar osteitis, while four patients were diagnosed postoperative infection Conclusion: Statistically significant difference between the participant groups regarding the frequency of postoperative complications has not been noticed. There is insufficient evidence to justify the routine use of antibiotics or antiseptics after surgical tooth extractions.

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Impact of Ellagic Acid in Bone Formation after Tooth Extraction: An Experimental Study on Diabetic Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/908098 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mazen M. Jamil Al-Obaidi ◽

Fouad Hussain Al-Bayaty ◽

Rami Al Batran ◽

Jamal Hussaini ◽

Goot Heah Khor

Keyword(s):

Normal Saline ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Healing Process ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Tooth Socket ◽

The Impact

Objectives. To estimate the impact of ellagic acid (EA) towards healing tooth socket in diabetic animals, after tooth extraction.Methods. Twenty-fourSprague Dawleymale rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for this study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg (b.w.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ), to induce diabetic mellitus. Then, the animals were anesthetized, and the upper left central incisor was extracted and the whole extracted sockets were filled with Rosuvastatin (RSV). The rats were separated into three groups, comprising 8 rats each. The first group was considered as normal control group and orally treated with normal saline. The second group was regarded as diabetic control group and orally treated with normal saline, whereas the third group comprised diabetic rats, administrated with EA (50 mg/kg) orally. The maxilla tissue stained by eosin and hematoxylin (H&E) was used for histological examinations and immunohistochemical technique. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket by immunohistochemistry test.Results. The reactions of immunohistochemistry for FGF-2 and ALP presented stronger expression, predominantly in EA treated diabetic rat, than the untreated diabetic rat.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the administration of EA combined with RSV may have accelerated the healing process of the tooth socket of diabetic rats, after tooth extraction.

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The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

Ömür Dereci ◽

Görkem Tekin ◽

Yasin Çağlar Koşar

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Alveolar Osteitis ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA), and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) gel in reducing pain and improving clinical signs and symptoms of alveolar osteitis. Methodology: The clinical data of patients treated for alveolar osteitis between 01/01/2015 and 01/01/2019 were retrieved for this study. All patients were initially treated by curettage and physiological saline irrigation. Patients were then divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered the control group; no other biomaterials were administered after curettage and physiological saline irrigation. All other groups were administered an additional treatment in the socket after curettage and physiological saline irrigation (Group 1 – Alveogyl; Group 2 - 0.8% HA; Group 3 - 0.2% CHX). Patents were evaluated before surgery as well as days 3 and 7 after surgery. The postoperative evaluations included: Visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores, the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of exposed alveolar bone, disorganized blood clot, inflammation around the socket, and bad odor and taste. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in all control evaluations (p>0.05). There was significantly reduced inflammation around the extraction socket on postoperative day 7 in the CHX group compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant changes in clinical signs and symptoms were observed among groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between curettage with physiological saline irrigation alone and the addition of Alveogyl, 0.8% HA, or 0.2% CHX in the reduction of pain in alveolar osteitis. Nonetheless, CHX may reduce inflammation around the extraction sockets. How to cite this article: Dereci Ö, Görkem T, Koşar YÇ. The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):6-11. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.2 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Application of pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) fruit extract for accelerating post-tooth extraction wound healing

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p189-193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Intan Nirwana

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Healing Process ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Control Group ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Trauma occurring during tooth extraction can cause complications such as bleeding, infection, fracture and dry socket and constitutes an inflammatory response trigger. Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) extract, which contains large amounts of punicallagin and ellagic acid, possesses various qualities, including; anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant. Pomegranate extract can inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production, while also suppressing inflammation response thereby accelerating wound healing. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of pomegranate extract application to the tooth extraction wounds of Cavia cobaya (C. cobaya) on the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) on the fourth day of the wound-healing process. Methods: This study used 12 C. cobaya, divided into two groups, namely; control and treatment. The subjects were anesthetized, before their lower left central incisor was extracted and the entire socket filled with CMC-Na 3% in members of the control group and pomegranate extract in those of the treatment group. The twelve C. cobaya were sacrificed on day 4, their lower jaw subsequently being removed and decalcified for approximately 30 days. The mandibula tissue was stained using a immunohistochemical technique. FGF-2 and TGF-β were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket. Differences in the expression of FGF-2 and TGF-β were evaluated statistically by means of a t-test. Results: This study indicated a significant difference between the control and the treatment groups (p<0.05). The treatment group members whose sockets were filled with pomegranate extract showed high FGF-2 and TGF-β expression. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the administration of pomegranate extract to post-extraction tooth wounds of C. cobaya increases the expression of FGF-2 and TGF-β on day 4, thereby accelerating the wound healing process.

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THE EFFECTIVITY OF SCAFFOLD FROM ANADARA GRANOSA SHELL-STICHOPUS HERMANNI ON BLOOD VESSEL COUNTS AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.8.2.11-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Rima Parwati Sari ◽

Chaterina Dyah Nanik Kusumawardani ◽

Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽

Sri Agoes Soedjarwo ◽

Dian Widya Damaiyanti

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Healing Process ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anadara Granosa

ABSTRACTBackground: Alveolar bone resorption can occur after tooth extraction. One source of bone scaffold material is hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP). The shell of Anadara granosa can be synthesized to be HA-TCP. Hyaluronic acid, which is widely contained in Stichopus hermanni, can stimulate endothelial progenitor cells for the healing process. Purpose: This research aims to prove the Effectivity of scaffold from Anadara granosa shell-Stichopus hermanni on blood vessel counts after tooth extraction. Methods: The sample in this study was male Wistar rats divided into four study groups randomly. Each group consists of 6 rats. Extraction was carried out on the mandibular first incisor, then was given gelatin as a placebo in the control group, treatment groups given scaffold from Anadara granosa shells (AG), and scaffold combination from Anadara granosa shells-Stichopus hermanni with concentrations of 0.4%-0.8%. (AGSH1-AGSH2). Development of HA-TCP synthesized from Anadara granosa combined with Stichopus hermanni extract for biomedical scaffolds using the freeze-dried method. Observations were made three days after tooth extraction. Data analysis has used one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD (p<0.05). Results: The results of the ANOVA test followed by the HSD-Tukey test showed a significant difference between C (7.33Â±1.51) and AGSH1 (11.50Â±1.38), AGSH2 (21.17Â±1.94), AG (9.33Â±1.63) and AGSH1 with AGSH2, but between AG and, AGSH1 no significant differences.Conclusions: Combination scaffold from Anadara granosa shell and Stichopus hermanni 0.8% effectively increased blood vessel counts after tooth extraction.

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The effect of Persea americana Mill. seed extract on inflammatory cells and fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i4.p190-194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Yessy Ariesanti ◽

Irvan Septrian Syah Putra Rasad ◽

Maylan Nimas ◽

Nadira Syabilla

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Healing Process ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Control Group ◽

Extraction Socket ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Socket Healing

Background: Inflammatory cells and fibroblasts have an essential role in the wound healing process. Persea americana Mill. seed categorises as a waste; it contains rich nutrients that can accelerate wound healing activity. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Persea americana Mill. seed against inflammatory cells and fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing. Methods: Ninety-six Sprague Dawley rats had their lower left molars removed. Forty-eight rats tested for inflammatory cells were divided into four groups: negative control group (IC1), positive control group (IC2), Persea americana Mill. seed extract concentrations of 50% (IE1) and 90% (IE2). Another 48 rats used for fibroblast were divided into three groups: the control group (FC1), Persea americana Mill. seed concentrations of 50% (FE1) and 90% (FE2). The gel was applied to the socket under general anaesthesia. Four rats from each group were decapitated for histopathological tissue preparations with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days for inflammatory cells and the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days for fibroblast formation. The preparations for each research were scored under the microscope at 40x magnification. The obtained data was analysed using the Kruska—Wallis and the Mann—Whitney test. Results: A significant decrease (p<0.05) of inflammatory cells in IE2 on the 5th and 7th day. A significant increase (p<0.05) of fibroblast formation between treatment and control groups and no significant difference (p>0.05) between FE1 and FE2 was based on the interval days. Conclusion: Persea americana Mill. seed extract can decrease the inflammatory cells and accelerate the fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing.

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The effect of 3% binahong leaf extract gel on the wound healing process of post tooth extraction

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p57-62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah ◽

Diana Sofia Hanafiah ◽

Rahmi Syaflida

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Healing Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Analyse Data ◽

And Control

Background: One of the common frequently performed procedures in dentistry is tooth extraction. After tooth extraction, a series of biological events occurs in the alveolar socket that ultimately results in healing of the socket. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) is an herbaceous plant that contains active compounds that may accelerate the wound healing process. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 3% binahong leaf extract gel on the healing process of the postextraction wound. Methods: 3% binahong leaf extract gel was prepared with the composition of 1 g carbopol, 1 g hydroxypropilmethylcellulose (HPMC), 4 g glycerin, 3 g triethanolamine (TEA), 0.04 g Nipagin, 0.04 g Nipasol, 1.2 g binahong leaf extract and Aq ad 40 g. A total of 18 people were subjected to tooth extraction and were then divided into two groups, with nine people in the binahong group and nine in the control group. Following that, residual socket volume (RSV) was examined on days 3, 7 and 14 after the extraction in both the binahong and control groups. The RSV value was obtained by calculating the mesiodistal x bucolingual width x the depth probing and measured using a calliper and probe. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman test followed by Wilcoxon and dependent t-test (p<0.05) were used to analyse data. Results: Significant difference in the mean RSV between the control and binahong groups was observed on days 3, 7 and 14 post tooth extraction. The RSV value in the binahong group was lower when compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: 3% binahong leaf extract gel can accelerate the process of healing socket wounds.

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The effect of ethanol extract of myrmecodia pendens to tgf-β1 expression and osteoblast cells after tooth extraction (the experimental research on cavia cobaya)

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v2i3.608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Efa Ismardianita ◽

Ellyza Nasrul ◽

Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽

Mieke Hemiawati

Keyword(s):

Group Treatment ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Healing Process ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Osteoblast Cell ◽

Osteoblast Cells ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tgf Β1

Objective: Myrmecodia pendens is often used as a traditional medicine to treat various disease. A previous study, ethanol extract of sarang semut plant (Hypnophytum furmicarum jack) 4.65 mg was effective in fastening establishment of socket granulation tissue after tooth extraction, the Myrmecodia pendens 3% too fasten healing soft tissue of wound after tooth extraction. The aim of this study to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Myrmecodia pendens to the expression of TGF-β1, and the number of osteoblasts after tooth extraction.Material and Methods: this study using 24 male marmoots were divided into 2 groups. The entire groups had extract done 1st left incisor mandibula, into the socket control group applied 0,1 ml of 0.5% CMC and treatment group was given 0,1 ml of ethanol extract Myrmecodia pendens 10% dissolved with CMC 0.5%. On day 3,7,14 and 21, marmoots were decapitated and histopathologic preparations then observed the expression of TGF-β1, and the number of osteoblast cell. Data analyzed by Kruskall-wallis test with probability p<0.05 and Mann-Whitney to determine differences in effectiveness between variables.Results: Based on the Kruskal-wallis test, there is a significant difference the TGF-β1 expression and the number of osteoblast cell which had giving ethanol extract of Myrmecodia pendens between of control group and group treatment (p<0.05), further test with Mann-Whitney for TGF-β1 with days of observation shown a significant difference meanwhile osteoblast with days of observation showed no significant difference.Conclusion: the ethanol extract Myrmecodia pendans can assist the wound healing process after tooth extraction by increasing the expression of TGF-β1, and osteoblast cells number

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Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies ◽

10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101-120

Author(s):

Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽

Orçun YORULMAZ ◽

Gülşah DURNA

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Community Sample ◽

Case Vignette ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

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Comparison of the Effects of Fenugreek Vaginal Cream and Ultra Low- Dose Estrogen on Atrophic Vaginitis

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200708112655 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 815-822

Author(s):

Maryam Safary ◽

Sevil Hakimi ◽

Noushin Mobaraki-Asl ◽

Paria Amiri ◽

Habib Tvassoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Low Dose ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Conjugated Estrogens ◽

Atrophic Vaginitis ◽

Vaginal Cream ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Atrophic vaginitis is a common problem in postmenopausal women and results from decreased levels of blood estrogen. It is associated with symptoms of itching, burning, dyspareunia, and postmenopausal bleeding. The present study evaluated the effects of fenugreek extract on atrophic vaginitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 postmenopausal women in Ardabil, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using block randomization with the allocation ratio 1:1. Those in the intervention group received 0.5g (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) fenugreek vaginal cream 5% twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group received conjugated estrogens vaginal cream at the dose of 0.625 mg (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) containing 0.3 mg of conjugated estrogens. Atrophic vaginitis was evaluated before and after the treatment through clinical examination, clinical signs, and measurement of Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI). Findings: After the 12-week intervention and modification of the baseline score, the mean (standard error) score for atrophic vaginitis signs was 3.100 (1.43-4.75). This difference was statistically significant in intragroup comparison and in favor of the control group in intergroup comparison (p=0.001). VMI was less than 49% in 86.7% and 46.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. This was a significant difference in favor of the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that total fenugreek extract could be effective in treating signs of atrophic vaginitis, but it was not as effective as ultra-low-dose estrogen.

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The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1332

Author(s):

Gilda M. Iova ◽

Horia Calniceanu ◽

Adelina Popa ◽

Camelia A. Szuhanek ◽

Olivia Marcu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimentally Induced

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

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