scholarly journals Determination of ELISA reactive mumps IgG antibodies in MMR vaccine recipients in comparison with MMR vaccine naive children: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Riya Gupta ◽  
Naveen Saxena ◽  
Parul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
Mumps Vaccine

Background/Aim: Mumps is by vaccine preventable infectious disease characterised by parotitis. In India mumps vaccines are not currently used under National Immunisation Programme (NIP). Waning of vaccine-induced immunity is considered to play a central role in the re-emergence of mumps. The comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) as well as studies which compare the antibody titre among mumps vaccine naiveand mumps vaccinated children are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare mumps specific antibody titre in children with and without MMR vaccine. Methods: In 2019/2020, blood samples were collected from 100 healthy children attending immunisation clinic in Government Medical College Kota and associated J K Lon Maternal and Child care hospital Kota. The samples were investigated for MMR IgG antibodies using ELISA. Results: Out of total 100 children included in the study, 32.27 % vaccinated and 4.83 % non-vaccinated children were positive for mumps IgG antibody in the age group of 6 months to 6 years of age. Children aged 6 to 12 years, vaccinated and non-vaccinated, had 31.57 % and 26.57 % positivity, respectively. The seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies among 50 MMR vaccinated children were 94 %, 64 %, and 96 %, respectively. A high measles and rubella seroprevalences were observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control program, while the mumps seroprevalence decreased significantly with age. Conclusion: The maximum vaccine effectiveness against mumps for 2 doses of MMR vaccine is ≈ 96 %. The herd immunity threshold to block mumps virus transmission is ≥ 86 %. In this study only 64 % of the vaccinated children were found to have IgG mumps antibodies. In view of morbidity following mumps infection there is a need to incorporate mumps vaccine along with measles and rubella vaccine in the NIP instead of Mr.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF PREGNANT WOMEN FOR PRESENCE OF IGG ANTIBODIES FOR RUBELLA, MUMPS, MEASLES AND VARICELLA VIRUSES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL , JAIPUR

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Seema Malav ◽  
Bharti Malhotr
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay

Background : The aim of this study were assess the susceptible pregnant women for vaccine preventable infection like rubella, mumps, measles and varicella viruses. Infection of mothers with these viruses during pregnancy can be serious. They can cause congenital infections, miscarriage, stillbirth and death of fetuses. Material and Method : This study is cross sectional. To determine the presence of IgG antibodies for rubella, mumps, measles and varicella viruses, blood samples were collected, stored at -700 c. Serum was separated for detection of IgG antibodies for these viruses by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Results : Of 277 samples evaluated for IgG antibodies. Susceptibility Of pregnant women for rubella, mumps measles and varicella viruses were 7.6%, 17.6%,7.2% and 19.5% respectively. Susceptibility rates for rubella and mumps were higher in rural population as compares to urban while for varicella urban population was more susceptible, but it was not statistically signicant. No correlation could be observed in susceptibility to different to different viruses and their education status and age of patients, but youngest age group was most susceptible to varicella and oldest group to rubella. Primigravida were more susceptible to rubella and varicella while multigravida were more susceptible to mumps and measles. Conclusion : Majority of the pregnant women had protective levels of IgG antibody although susceptibility to rubella, mumps measles and varicella were low. Intensication of MMRV immunization of all females of child-bearing age is advocated.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin Sub-Typing and Quantification in Coombs Positive Hemolysis

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Thirosha Chetty ◽  
Nikki Bouwer ◽  
Yuen On Wan ◽  
Johnny Mahlangu
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Workup ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coombs Test ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Direct

Key words:immunoglobulin, coombs test, hemolysis, HIV, quantification Introduction A positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT, Coombs test) is valuable in identifying the etiology of autoimmune hemolysis and in guiding an immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention strategy. However, in HIV positive individuals with background polyclonal gammopathy, a false positive DAT is common. In this setting, immunoglobulin quantification and subtyping may be of value in characterizing the autoimmune hemolysis. There is paucity of published literature evaluating the diagnostic usefulness of IgG subtyping and quantification in HIV positive individuals who are investigated for possible autoimmune haemolysis (AIHA). The recently introduced gel card used for AIHA diagnosis can subtype and quantify the IgG antibody titre. This study evaluated the usefulness of IgG quantification and subtyping in the diagnostic workup of autoimmune hemolysis in patients who were DAT positive with and without HIV infection. Methods: This retrospective, cross sectional study was reviewed and approved by the institutional Ethics Committee. The study population included HIV positive and HIV negative patients who were investigated for autoimmune hemolysis in a quaternary care hospital as part of their diagnostic workup. Those with a positive DAT had their IgG subtyped and quantified using the ID -Card DAT IgG1/IgG3 and IgG-dilution cards (Bio-Rad©, Cressier, Switzerland). Results: From December 2019 to March 2020, 90 patients admitted in our hospital were investigated for AIHA. Forty four (49%) were found to be DAT positive. Of those who were DAT positive, 26 (59%) had biochemical evidence of haemolysis (raised LDH, raised unconjugated bilirubin). Of the total DAT positive population, 16 (36%) were HIV positive. Concurrent HIV and haemolysis was present in 8 patients. Four of the 8 had antibody titre≤1:30. Most patients had IgG 1 subtype. None of the HIV positive patients without features of haemolysis had IgG1 or IgG3 subtypes present and 2 of the 8 had antibody titres≤1:30. Conclusion: IgG quantification and subtyping was found to be of limited value in the diagnostic characterization of AIHA in HIV positive patients with false positive DAT. Disclosures Mahlangu: CSL Behring, Catalyst Biosciences, Freeline Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Spark and Takeda:Consultancy;CSL Behring, Catalyst Biosciences, Novo Nordisk, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Spark and Takeda:Speakers Bureau;South Africa Medical Research Council, Wits Health Consortium, Colleges of Medicine of South Africa:Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;BioMarin, CSL Behring, Freeline Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, uniQure:Research Funding.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

scholarly journals Impact of determinants on nutritional status among children up to five years at tertiary care hospital, HIMS, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Ravi Pachori ◽  
Jiratithigan Sillapasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Mother’S Age

Background: Malnutrition in children occurs as a complex interplay among various factors like maternal health, dietary practices, hand washing and other hygiene practices, low birth weight, episode of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection within the last 6 months are often associated with undernutrition in most developing nations including India. Objective of the study were to assess the determinants of maternal and child health, hygienic practice, health services for underweight and their association among apparently healthy children. Methods: The present study was hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from June 2019 to December 2019. The sample size calculated was 410, and accounting for 10% nonresponsive, the sample size calculated was 451. The data obtained were compiled and entered in MS-excel 2010 and analysed by using institutional SPSS (22.0). Results: Mother’s age at marriage <18 years belong to 68 (15.1%) children significantly low proportion as compared to marriage >18 years 383 (84.9%) including underweight 41 (22.5%) and mother’s age at child birth <18 years belong to 46 (10.2%) children significantly very low proportion in comparison to child birth >18 years including underweight 30 (16.6%). Birth weight <2.5 kg belongs to significantly 136 (30.1%) children including underweight 72 (39.8%) and significantly birth order >2 belong to 135 (29.9%) children including underweight 39 (21.6%). Exclusive breast feeding belongs to 149 (33.0%) children including underweight 62 (34.2%)Conclusions: Health education and its reinforcement especially in the area of maternal & child health care services is required.

scholarly journals Correlates of infection with Helicobacter pylori positive and negative cytotoxin-associated gene A phenotypes among Arab and Jewish residents of Jerusalem

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Muhsen ◽  
R. Sinnereich ◽  
G. Beer-Davidson ◽  
H. Nassar ◽  
W. Abu Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract We examined the prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection according to cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) phenotype, a main virulence antigen, among the ethnically diverse population groups of Jerusalem. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Arab (N = 959) and Jewish (N = 692) adults, randomly selected from Israel's national population registry in age-sex and population strata. Sera were tested for H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Positive samples were tested for virulence IgG antibodies to recombinant CagA protein, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multinomial regression models were fitted to examine associations of sociodemographic factors with H. pylori phenotypes. H. pylori IgG antibody sero-prevalence was 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 80.0%–85.5%) and 61.4% (95% CI 57.7%–65.0%) among Arabs and Jews, respectively. Among H. pylori positives, the respective CagA IgG antibody sero-positivity was 42.3% (95% CI 38.9%–45.8%) and 32.5% (95% CI 28.2%–37.1%). Among Jews, being born in the Former Soviet Union, the Middle East and North Africa, vs. Israel and the Americas, was positively associated with CagA sero-positivity. In both populations, sibship size was positively associated with both CagA positive and negative phenotypes; and education was inversely associated. In conclusion, CagA positive and negative infection had similar correlates, suggesting shared sources of these two H. pylori phenotypes.

scholarly journals A herd immunity to measles and rubella viruses in the population of the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
S. Filipovic-Vignjevic ◽  
A. Yu. Antipova ◽  
M. Bancevic ◽  
I. N. Lavrentieva
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic

According to the WHO Strategic Plan, measles should be eradicated in 2020 in the five WHO Regions including European Region. However, large measles outbreaks are being periodically registered in diverse European countries. In the Republic of Serbia (SRB), 5,076 measles cases were detected in 2018, among which 15 cases were fatal.Aim of the study was to examine herd immunity to measles and rubella viruses in the population of the Republic of Serbia.Materials and methods. Blood serum samples obtained in 2018 and 2019 from conditionally healthy residents of the Republic of Serbia were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses in five age groups: I — children from 2 to 6 years old, II — children from 8 to 14 years old, III — 15 to 24 years old, IV — 25 to 49 years old and V — over 50 years old. A total of 1000 samples were obtained, 200 sera in each group. Enzygnost® Anti-Measles virus/IgG and Enzygnost® Anti-Rubella virus/IgG ELISA test systems (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Germany) were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.Results. Overall, around 23.0% and 33.7% of the surveyed persons had no or low level of anti-measles IgG antibody (≥ 275.0 — ≤ 1000.0 IU/1). In age group I, 60% children contained no or “low” anti-measles antibodies titer (29.5% and 30.5%, respectively). In addition, low antibody titer level was mainly detected in individuals from age group II and III (p < 0.05). A third of children under 8—14 contained high IgG-antibodies titer against measles (> 3000.0 IU/l) that might serve as an evidence that such subjects recently recovered after measles. Similar results were obtained for IgG antibodies to rubella in the same age groups.Discussion. The study results evidence about altered routine immunization against measles and rubella in children aged 12—15 months (first vaccination) and those at age of 6—7 years (revaccination) with MMR vaccine. The data obtained correlate with official data on coverage with measles and rubella vaccines in the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Serological Study for Measles among Italian Medical Students in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Trabucco Aurilio Marco ◽  
I Iannuzzi ◽  
L Di Giampaolo ◽  
A Pietroiusti ◽  
C Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: Measles is an infectious disease and a major health concern worldwide. Among individuals with a higher risk of exposure to measles, there are the Health Care Workers (HCWs), who may transmit the virus to other people. According to the Italian National Plan for Immunization and Prevention, all HCWs should have presumptive evidence of immunity to measles (documented two doses of MMR vaccination) or serological evidence of protective antibodies. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the immunological status, the vaccine coverage, and the protective IgG antibody titre for measles in medical students of the teaching hospital PoliclinicoTor Vergata (PTV). Methods: IgG measles antibodies titre was evaluated in a sample of 461 medical students undergoing annual health surveillance visits from January 1st to May 31th, 2020. Results: 73.7% of medical students showed protective measles IgG antibody levels. The immunization rate was higher among subjects aged less than 25 years with respect to students aged over 25 years (77.4% vs. 66.4%; P <0,001). Furthermore, average antibody titre showed a statistically significant association with the age group (124,2 AU/ml for the age group 18-25 and 133,2 AU/ml among subjects aged 25 or more; P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows a non-protective measles IgG antibody titre, especially among the older students. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the serological levels, to vaccinate those subjects whose antibody level is not adequate, and promote the vaccination even in the general population.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Study of Novel Corona Virus (CoVID-19) in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Tabanejad ◽  
Sorena Darvish ◽  
Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni ◽  
Seyed Saeed Asadi ◽  
Morteza Mesri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposed Population

AbstractA novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread to all countries of the world, including Iran. Although new anti-coronavirus antibodies in patients may be identified by immunological methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity, the conclusive diagnosis of the disease is by the molecular RT-PCR process. We used a population-based seroepidemiological survey to quantify the proportion of the exposed population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluated whether the antibodies are a marker of total or partial immunity to the proportion of the population that remains susceptible to the virus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of CoVID-19 in Tehran, the capital of Iran, between April and end of October 2020. Specimens of clotted and heparinized blood (2ml) were collected from the patients. The serum and plasma were separated and stored at − 80LJ°C until use. We examined serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies from 1375 in-patients admitted to our hospitals using ELISA kits. In total, 1375 participants were enrolled in this study, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using IgM-IgG antibody assay in 291 patients. Among the seropositive patients studied, 187 were men (64.3%), and 104 were women (35.7%) (P<0.05). The mean age of the patients was 49±8.4 years; the majority (27%) were in age group 31-40 years. Also, the lowest frequency of cases was reported in the age group of 1-10 years (P <0.05). We determined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 for IgM or IgG antibodies to be 21.2%. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease among SARS-CoV-2 patients [P=0.05; Odd Ratio=1.61(0.90-2.91)]. Conventional serological assays in SARS-CoV-2 cases, such as the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for specific IgM and IgG antibodies, have a high-throughput advantage and minimize false-negative rates that occur with the RT-PCR method. This study determined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to be 21%. Control of diabetes among other cases factors shall play important role in management and control of COVID-19.

Immunoglobulin subtyping and quantification in direct antiglobulin test: positive haemolysis in an HIV-prevalent setting

2020 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-207113
Author(s):  
Thirosha Chetty ◽  
Nikki Bouwer ◽  
Yuen On Wan ◽  
Johnny Mahlangu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Polyclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Positive Direct

AimsPositive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) are valuable in identifying the aetiology of autoimmune haemolysis and in guiding therapeutic intervention. However, in HIV-positive individuals with background polyclonal gammopathy, a positive DAT in the absence of haemolysis is common. In this setting, IgG quantification and subtyping may be of value, as this is possible with the recently introduced gel cards. There is paucity of literature evaluating the diagnostic usefulness of IgG subtyping and quantification in HIV-positive individuals who are investigated for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). This study evaluated the usefulness of IgG quantification and subtyping in the diagnostic work-up of AIHA in patients with a positive DAT, with and without HIV infection.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients investigated for AIHA in a quaternary care hospital. Those with a positive DAT had their IgG subtyped and quantified using the ID-Card DAT IgG1/IgG3 and IgG-dilution cards (Bio-Rad, Cressier, Switzerland).ResultsNinety patients admitted from December 2019 to March 2020 were investigated for AIHA. Forty-four (49%) patients had a positive DAT of whom 26 (59%) had evidence of haemolysis, and 16 (36%) were HIV positive. Concurrent HIV and haemolysis were present in eight patients, two of whom had IgG1 although none had an IgG antibody titre >1:30. None of the HIV-positive patients without features of haemolysis had IgG1/IgG3 or IgG antibody titres >1:30.ConclusionIn our clinical setting, IgG quantification and subtyping were found to be of limited value in the diagnostic characterisation of AIHA in HIV-positive patients with false-positive DAT.

scholarly journals Antibody response after a single dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) vaccine in subjects with prior SARS-CoV2 infection: Is a single dose sufficient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajyoti Borkakoty ◽  
Mandakini Das Sarmah ◽  
Chandra Kanta Bhattacharjee ◽  
Nargis Bali ◽  
Gayatri Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Effective Immune Response

It is crucial to know whether a single dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is sufficient to elicit immune response in previously infected people in India. A total of 121 participants (baseline seropositive 46 and seronegative 75) were included to study the immune response to ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) vaccine in previously infected or uninfected people. IgG antibodies were estimated at three different time intervals, i.e. pre-vaccination, 25-35 days post 1st vaccination and 25-35 days post 2nd vaccination. The IgG antibody titre was significantly high among previous seropositive subjects with single dose of vaccine compared to seronegative group with both doses of vaccine respectively (Mean:4.59,SD:1.04 vs Mean:3.08 SD:1.22, p-value: <0.0001). In conclusion, a single dose of Covishield vaccine might be sufficient to induce an effective immune response n subjects with prior SARS-CoV2 infection. Stratifying vacinees based on their SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titre before vaccination would help in meeting the increasing vaccine demand and could be effective to circumvent further wave of the pandemic in India.

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