LOW-COST CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY "EC" AND THE TEMPERATURE "T" IN BRACKISH WATERS

10.6036/9812 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-367
Author(s):  
FEDERICO LEON ZERPA ◽  
ALEJANDRO RAMOS PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The University ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents a low-cost experimental design proposal to understand and learn the relationship between the electrical conductivity CE of brackish water and its temperature T, in which an embedded system (Arduino Nano). This design has been made to be used as good practices in subjects of the University Degrees with competences in the area of production and water treatment, both for civil and industrial consumption, mainly in the School of Engineering. Industrial and Civil of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Furthermore, this design is mainly characterized by its versatility, when considering different situations, and using free tools and open source; both regarding computer applications, as in the components and elements used. This last aspect turns out to be an important characteristic, as it will allow the design to be modified, economically, according to future needs, by the students or by the teachers. A series of tests have been implemented with different types of common salts in brackish waters, at different temperatures. Results obtained from the design are shown, following suitable methods to observe the variability of the electrical conductivity of the solutions with the temperature, and with the type of salt used. These experimental results demonstrate that the experimental design can be used to understand and learn the proposed objective, as well as to obtain the relationship between CE and T, in the form of a straight line fit. Keywords: Electrical conductivity, reverse osmosis, water quality

scholarly journals Production of parsley in hydroponic conditions under isosmotic brackish nutrient solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Bezerra Martins ◽  
José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽  
Fernando José da Silva Júnior ◽  
Gerônimo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Salomão de Sousa Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Supply Water

ABSTRACT Brackish waters may vary in their chemical compositions, interfering with different plant responses to stress; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the production components of parsley plants subjected to levels of electrical conductivity in nutrient solutions with an initial ECns of 1.58 dS m-1, which was solubilized in water with the following water electrical conductivity configurations (ECw): 0.12 (control), 1.12, 2.12, 3.12, 4.12 and 5.12 dS m-1, resulting in six isosmotic levels (ECns = 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 5.7 and 6.7 dS m-1) in an interaction with four types of salt: NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and KCl. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with five replicates. Two strategies were used to restore the volume consumed by the parsley plants, and the replacement was made with municipal-supply water (ECa = 0.12 dS m-1) in the first strategy and with the respective brackish waters in the second strategy. The total fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots were evaluated as well as the total dry mass percentage of the shoots and roots. The responses of the plants to the different cationic natures was more evident at the highest levels of electrical conductivity tested, and the use of municipal-supply water to replace the evapotranspired depth mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. In addition, greater reductions were observed in the fresh and dry mass when the replacement of the volume consumed was with the brackish waters.

scholarly journals Comportamiento alimentario y bienestar psicológico en población universitaria en el norte de Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Nelson Hun ◽  
Alfonso Urzúa ◽  
Antonio López-Espinoza ◽  
Nicole Escobar ◽  
José Leiva
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico

Se ha reportado que el contexto universitario propicia un hábito alimentario inadecuado, orientado al consumo de alimentos de conveniencia caracterizados por ser de bajo costo, hipercalóricos, altos en grasas saturadas y de escaso valor nutritivo lo que aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En este contexto, la evidencia refiere que algunos indicadores psicológicos como mayores niveles de satisfacción vital y apoyo familiar se relacionan con una dieta de mayor calidad al mismo tiempo que es asociada a un menor índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, existe un vacío teórico respecto a las distintas caracterizaciones de comportamientos alimentarios que guían la toma de decisiones relacionadas con las preferencias y consumo de alimentos en población universitaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación existente entre caracterizaciones de comportamiento alimentario con el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes universitarios en el norte de Chile. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 647 estudiantes residentes en las ciudades de Arica y Antofagasta, el promedio de edad fue de 22 años, se utilizó el cuestionario de bienestar psicológico de Carol Ryff y el cuestionario holandés de conductas alimentarias. Los resultados indican que la ingesta emocional tiene el mayor efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico relacionándose significativa y negativamente con todas sus dimensiones, la tendencia restrictiva se asoció con autoaceptación, relaciones positivas y autonomía, finalmente la ingesta externa no reportó ningún efecto sobre el bienestar psicológico. Es necesario generar más evidencia de la relación entre variables psicológicas y alimentación. It has been reported that the university context fosters an inadequate eating habit, oriented to the consumption of convenience foods characterized by being low cost, hypercaloric, high in saturated fat and low nutritional value, which increases the risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases. In this context, the evidence refers that some psychological indicators such as higher levels of life satisfaction and family support are related to a higher quality diet while being associated with a lower body mass index. However, there is a theoretical gap regarding the different characterizations of eating behaviors that guide decision making regarding food preferences and consumption in the university population. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between characterizations of eating behavior with the psychological well-being of university students in northern Chile. The sample consisted of 647 students residing in the cities of Arica and Antofagasta, the average age was 22 years, the Carol Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire and the Dutch food behavior questionnaire were used. The results indicate that emotional intake has the greatest effect on psychological well-being by being significantly and negatively related to all its dimensions, the restrictive tendency was associated with self-acceptance, positive relationships and autonomy; finally, external intake did not report any effect on psychological well-being. It is necessary to generate more evidence of the relationship between psychological variables and food.

scholarly journals The electrical conductivity of sheep's milk and the possibility of mastitis detection

10.5219/1074 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 562-565
Author(s):  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
Kristína Tvarožková ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová ◽  
Martina Vršková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Robotic Milking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Major Pathogens

Measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is a method frequently used in dairy cows during milking in milking parlours, but especially in robotic milking as a low-cost mastitis detection method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and EC of milk in sheep reared in Slovakia as factors for monitoring subclinical mastitis on the basis of a bacteriological examination of udder health. Samples were collected individually from both halves of the udder from 295 sheep of different breeds from eight farms during evening milking. Based on SCC, the samples (590) were divided into classes (SCC < 2 × 105, 2 × 105 ≤ SCC < 4 × 105, 4 × 105 ≤ SCC < 6 × 105, and SCC ≥ 6 × 105 cells.mL-1), (SCC < 7 × 105 and SCC ≥ 7 × 105 cells.mL-1) and (SCC < 1 × 105 and SCC ≥ 1 × 105 cells.mL-1) respectively. Based on the presence of pathogens in the udder halve, they were classified as “major pathogens” (14), “minor pathogens” (161) and “without pathogens” (415). The presence of a pathogen had a significant effect on the increase in EC, SCC and protein content and decrease in content of lactose. We found a significant correlation between EV and SCC at first classification only in cases where all data was analysed jointly (r = 0.531), SCC ≥ 6 × 105 (r = 0.403) and SCC < 2 × 105 (r = 0.214). In the second and third classification, we found significant correlations in both cases, the SCC < 7 × 105 (r = 0.270) and the SCC ≥ 7 × 105 (r = 0.382) and SCC < 1 × 105 (r = 0.136) and the SCC ≥ 1 × 105 (r = 0.557). The electrical conductivity showed a stronger correlation with the lactose and protein content than LogSCC. We can argue that measuring the electrical conductivity of sheep milk may be a possible alternative for mastitis detection in sheep. EC can be useful in detecting animals with level of SSC greater than 6 × 105 cells.mL-1.

scholarly journals Changes in Permittivity of the Piezoelectric Material PVDF as Functions of the Electrical Field and Temperature

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5736
Author(s):  
You Zhou ◽  
Mona Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) is becoming a widely used piezoelectric material because of its flexibility, low cost, light weight, and biocompatibility. Its electronic properties, such as its permittivity, can be affected by material crystal structure variations, which also greatly impact the material’s application. It is known that external stress and electrical fields can alter the crystal structure of piezoelectric material. In this research, we aim to investigate the relationship between the external electrical field and the permittivity property of PVDF material. The basic standard equations, finite element analysis, and experimental measurement are included in this paper. By using sweeping voltages from −25 V to +25 V using an Agilent Technologies B1500A Semiconductor Device Analyzer, an increase in the permittivity of the PVDF material is observed. In this work, the study of the permittivity change under the application of different electrical fields at room temperature is presented, and the application of the electrical field under different temperatures is also studied and presented.

Spectraplot: A PC-based spectrum translation and display program

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
H. O. Colijn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Error Checking ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The University

Many labs today wish to transfer data between their EDS systems and their existing PCs and minicomputers. Our lab has implemented SpectraPlot, a low- cost PC-based system to allow offline examination and plotting of spectra. We adopted this system in order to make more efficient use of our microscopes and EDS consoles, to provide hardcopy output for an older EDS system, and to allow students to access their data after leaving the university.As shown in Fig. 1, we have three EDS systems (one of which is located in another building) which can store data on 8 inch RT-11 floppy disks. We transfer data from these systems to a DEC MINC computer using “SneakerNet”, which consists of putting on a pair of sneakers and running down the hall. We then use the Hermit file transfer program to download the data files with error checking from the MINC to the PC.

Thathir Quality Scholarship Program For Students At University level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Louay Qais Abdullah ◽  
Duraid Faris Khayoun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Scholarship Program ◽  
University Level ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The study focused basically on measuring the relationship between the material cost of the students benefits program and the benefits which are earned by it, which was distributed on college students in the initial stages (matinee) and to show the extent of the benefits accruing from the grant program compared to the material burdens which matched and the extent of success or failure of the experience and its effect from o scientific and side on the Iraqi student through these tough economic circumstances experienced by the country in general, and also trying to find ways of proposed increase or expansion of distribution in the future in the event of proven economic feasibility from the program. An data has been taking from the data fro the Department of Financial Affairs and the Department of Studies and Planning at the University of Diyala with taking an data representing an actual and minimized pattern and questionnaires to a sample of students from the Department of Life Sciences in the Faculty of Education of the University of Diyala on the level of success and failure of students in the first year of the grant and the year before for the purpose of distribution comparison. The importance of the study to measure the extent of interest earned in comparision whit the material which is expenseon the program of grant (grant of students) to assist the competent authorities to continue or not in the program of student grants for the coming years.

The Relationship Between The University Services Marketing And the Leading Orientation And Their Impact In Enhancing The University Reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusseibeh Ahmed Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Private Universities ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
University Reputation ◽  
Administrative Leaders ◽  
University Services ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the university services marketing and the leading orientation and their impact in enhancing the university reputation: Field study on a sample of administrative leaders in       private universities in the Erbil city Objective - The current study try to find the role of marketing university services (educational services, research services, community services) and the leading orientation (research mobilization, distinction, cooperation, university policies, proactive) as independent variables in enhancing the university's reputation as dependent a variable (Social responsibility, innovation, quality of service, image of the organization) in a sample of private universities in the Erbil city. Methodology of the study - The problem of the study was determined in several questions related to the nature of the correlation relationship - the effect of independent study variables (marketing of university services and leadership orientation) and the dependent variable (the reputation of the university). For this purpose, the hypotheses were subjected to multiple tests. The study used the questionnaire as a means to obtain data from the administrative leaders of the investigated universities. - The study was used the analytical descriptive method. The main and sub-variables were described and correlation and effect relationships were analyzed between the variables using advanced statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, Pearson correlation, multiple regression test) , And the implementation of the statistical program (SPSS-Ver.18). The study was conducted in the educational sector in the city of Erbil, in order to obtain the necessary information for the field through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to six universities. The number of respondents was (73) (Presidents of universities, their assistants, deans, their assistants, heads of departments) at the universities in question. The value of the study: The main conclusions of the study are the existence of a significant relationship between the variables of the study and the existence of a significant effect of the independent variable marketing of university services and the leading trend in the dependent variable universities reputation and the existence of variation of the effect of independent variables in the dependent variable in the universities investigated, A set of recommendations, the most important of which is the establishment of a center for the marketing of services at the university level and at the level of each college. In order to conduct a continuous study of the labor market to determine market needs, the university should be aware of the importance of marketing orientation in university education

Teaching practicum and the development of professional and pedagogical knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Minerva Rosas ◽  
Verónica Ormeño ◽  
Cristian Ruiz-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Teaching Practicum ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

To assess the progressive teaching practicums included in an English Teaching Programme at a Chilean university, 60 former student-teachers answered a questionnaire with both Likert-scale and open-ended questions. The issues assessed included the relationship between the progressive teaching practicums and the curriculum’s modules and sequence, and the skills developed while implementing innovation projects during the student-teachers’ two final practicums. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses allowed us to identify both strengths and weaknesses. The participants highlighted strengths in the areas of teaching strategies, critical thinking skills and professional and pedagogical knowledge. Among the weaknesses, they identified limited supervision and feedback, and diverging views on teaching education between the university and the schools as the most difficult to deal with. These findings may be useful for introducing improvements in Initial Teacher Education aimed at reducing problems and discrepancies and devising suitable induction processes.

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