scholarly journals A Model of Religious Moral Approach for Peatland Ecosystem Restoration in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
G Praharawati ◽  
◽  
F M Mangunjaya ◽  
H M Saragih ◽  
A Y Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
P Value ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Intention To Participate ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Human Awareness

Efforts to conserve peatlands and prevent forest fires are inseparable from human awareness and behavior. This study aims to find a model for a religious, moral approach by the clerics in supporting the implementation of peatland restoration. The study was carried out in designated Muslim locations with trained clerics. The farmers surveyed also have experienced by the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) programs: i.e., physical support, such as a canal dam program and demonstration plot of agriculture without burning (PLTB). The methods used combine quantitative surveys with a Likert scale to explore attitudes, subjective norms, perception, intention, and their impact on behavior. The results obtained show that the community religious leaders can be an important trigger in encouraging the movement. In the model, visible subjective norm (SN) variables contribute directly to intention by 23%. Perceived behavior control (PBC) directly has a positive and significant effect on intention 53% (p-value). This means the individual, in making a decision and intention to participate, is a factor that has a broad impact on the community and gives a positive value of 53% (good enough) on the intention. The individuals' decisions to participate in peatland conservation are prompted by perception of having a wide impact on the community.

Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

Individual Uniqueness in the Neonatal Functional Connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Wang ◽  
Yuehua Xu ◽  
Tengda Zhao ◽  
Zhilei Xu ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The functional connectome is highly distinctive in adults and adolescents, underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the individual uniqueness of the functional connectome is present in neonates, who are far from mature. Here, we utilized the multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 healthy neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project and a split-half analysis approach to characterize the uniqueness of the functional connectome in the neonatal brain. Through functional connectome-based individual identification analysis, we found that all the neonates were correctly identified, with the most discriminative regions predominantly confined to the higher-order cortices (e.g., prefrontal and parietal regions). The connectivities with the highest contributions to individual uniqueness were primarily located between different functional systems, and the short- (0–30 mm) and middle-range (30–60 mm) connectivities were more distinctive than the long-range (>60 mm) connectivities. Interestingly, we found that functional data with a scanning length longer than 3.5 min were able to capture the individual uniqueness in the functional connectome. Our results highlight that individual uniqueness is present in the functional connectome of neonates and provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior later in life.

A Case Study Demonstrating the Utility of Surveillance Video in Assessing Gait Dynamics and Behavior During a Slip and Fall

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
Leah S. Hartman ◽  
Stephanie A. Whetsel Borzendowski ◽  
Alan O. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Gait Dynamics ◽  
Fall Incident ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

As the use of surveillance video at commercial properties becomes more prevalent, it is more likely an incident involving a personal injury will be captured on film. This provides a unique opportunity for Human Factors practitioners involved in forensic investigations to analyze the behavior of the individual prior to, during, and after the event in question. It also provides an opportunity to gather unique and objective data. The present work describes a case study of a slip and fall where surveillance video and onsite measurements were combined and analyzed to quantify a plaintiff’s gait pattern. Using this type of analysis, we were able to determine that the plaintiff was likely aware that the floor was slippery and adjusted her gait and behavior prior to the slip and fall incident.

scholarly journals Individual Alpha Peak Frequency, an Important Biomarker for Live Z-Score Training Neurofeedback in Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Rubén Pérez-Elvira ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
José Antonio Carrobles ◽  
Minodora Teodoru ◽  
Ciprian Bacila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Alpha Peak

Learning disabilities (LDs) have an estimated prevalence between 5% and 9% in the pediatric population and are associated with difficulties in reading, arithmetic, and writing. Previous electroencephalography (EEG) research has reported a lag in alpha-band development in specific LD phenotypes, which seems to offer a possible explanation for differences in EEG maturation. In this study, 40 adolescents aged 10–15 years with LDs underwent 10 sessions of Live Z-Score Training Neurofeedback (LZT-NF) Training to improve their cognition and behavior. Based on the individual alpha peak frequency (i-APF) values from the spectrogram, a group with normal i-APF (ni-APF) and a group with low i-APF (li-APF) were compared in a pre-and-post-LZT-NF intervention. There were no statistical differences in age, gender, or the distribution of LDs between the groups. The li-APF group showed a higher theta absolute power in P4 (p = 0.016) at baseline and higher Hi-Beta absolute power in F3 (p = 0.007) post-treatment compared with the ni-APF group. In both groups, extreme waves (absolute Z-score of ≥1.5) were more likely to move toward the normative values, with better results in the ni-APF group. Conversely, the waves within the normal range at baseline were more likely to move out of the range after treatment in the li-APF group. Our results provide evidence of a viable biomarker for identifying optimal responders for the LZT-NF technique based on the i-APF metric reflecting the patient’s neurophysiological individuality.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Leilani Muhardi ◽  
Panam Parikh ◽  
Melissa Basso ◽  
Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in Ruminants in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Serological Survey with Mixed Methods to Identify Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Widiasih ◽  
Johanna Frida Lindahl ◽  
Wayan T. Artama ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo ◽  
Pande Made Kutanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease occurring worldwide with reproductive symptoms and production losses in livestock, while humans can suffer fatal renal failure. In Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, there have been several outbreaks with high case fatality, demonstrating the public health importance, but there is limited understanding of the epidemiology. This study used an EcoHealth approach to ensure transdisciplinarity and community participation. Seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals was studied between October 2011 and May 2013 in 15 villages. Serum samples from 1404 cattle and 60 small ruminants were screened by a Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), first in pools, and then the individual positive samples were identified. Focus group discussions including farmers, village officials, and official stakeholders were used to explore knowledge and behavior of zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Two small ruminants were seropositive for Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae. From the cattle, 3.7% were seropositive, and the most common serovars were Leptospira hardjo, followed by L. icterohemorrhagiae. Out of all farms, 5.6% had at least one positive cattle. Risk factor analyses showed that the risk of the farm being seropositive increased if the farmer used water from an open source, or if farming was not the main occupation. This study showed the presence of Leptospira spp. in ruminants in Yogyakarta and identified use of open water as a risk factor for the livestock. We also observed that the knowledge related to leptospirosis was low, and risky farm management practices were commonly employed.

scholarly journals Use of Thromboelastography Platelet Mapping for Assessment of Individual Platelet Response Secondary to Oral Antiplatelet Therapy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Attempt to Start Personalized Antiplatelet Therapy in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvro Sankha Datta ◽  
Dibyendu De ◽  
Nadeem Afroz Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Platelet Inhibition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Platelet Functions

AbstractHigh on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) with P2Y12 receptor antagonists in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is strongly associated with adverse ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This prospective study was conducted to assess individual platelet response and HPR to antiplatelet medications in post-PCI cases by thromboelastography platelet mapping (TEG-PM). Total 82 patients who were on aspirin and on either clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor were evaluated. The percentage of platelet inhibition to arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine disdiphosphate (ADP) was calculated by [100-{(MA ADP/AA–MA Fibrin) / (MA Thrombin–MA Fibrin) × 100}], taking 50% response as cut-off for HPR. HPR to clopidogrel and prasugrel was 14.29 and 12.5%, respectively. No HPR was detected to aspirin and ticagrelor. The mean percentage of platelet inhibition was significantly higher in patients with ticagrelor 82.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) of [77.3, 88.7] as compared with clopidogrel 72.21, 95% CI of [65.3, 79.1] and prasugrel 64.2, 95% CI of [52.5, 75.9] (p-value of 0.041 and 0.003, respectively). Aspirin along with ticagrelor is associated with a higher mean percentage of platelet inhibition, and lower HPR as compared with the usage of aspirin combined with clopidogrel or prasugrel. Additionally, it might also be concluded that TEG-PM could be used effectively to measure the individual platelet functions which would make oral antiplatelet therapy more personalized for cardiac patients.

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

Factors associated with successful return to work in young heart failure and ischaemic heart disease patients following index hospital admission

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HV Thakkar ◽  
L Hollingsworth ◽  
JA Enright ◽  
S Sanderson ◽  
RJ Macfadyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Factors influencing return to remunerated work following an acute cardiac illness are poorly defined. We wished to compare the factors in our cohorts following first presentation of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and decompensated heart failure(HF). Methods Prospectively identified subjects, aged 18-65years, from a rehabilitation population for ACS and HF during 2018-2019 underwent a survey. Results Of 133cases meeting inclusion criteria, 84 completed the survey(41 HF, 80% male, mean age 55years; 43 ACS, 86% male, mean age 57years). Socio-economic indexes for Areas(SIEFA) index were similar for HF(900) & ACS(909) groups, which represents 11th and 14th percentile for Australia respectively. Cardiovascular risk factors were similar except hypercholesterolemia(37% v 60%; p = 0.029) was more common in ACS. Many subjects did not continue beyond Yr12, (54% HF v 30% ACS; p = 0.029). A majority of ACS cases returned to work as compared with HF(70% v 44%; p = 0.017)(Figure). On multivariate analysis, male gender[p = 0.031;OR 13.71 (1.28-147.36)]; access to financial benefits[p < 0.001;OR 22.75 (4.31-119.99)] and a desire to return to work [p = 0.014;OR 12.1 (1.67-87.82)] were associated with successful return to work (Table). Limitations Our study has small numbers so will be difficult to generalise to a wider population. We do show a signal towards the complex interplay of the social and individual factors in determining return to work. Further larger studies are required to tease out the differences between the individual factors to help predict return to work in the Australian context. Conclusion Successful return to work for patients with first presentation of ACS or HF could not be reliably predicted. Patients with ACS returned to work more often than HF. In HF patients who do n to return to work, recurrent symptoms, individual motivation, social support and access to financial benefits have a complex interplay. Predictors of return to work Predictor P value OR (95% CI) Diagnosis (heart failure) 0.095 0.29 (0.07, 1.24) Gender (male) 0.031 13.71 (1.28, 147.36) Access to benefit (none) <0.001 22.75 (4.31, 119.99) Desire to RTW (yes) 0.014 12.1 (1.67, 87.82) Abstract Figure. Rates of return to work in the 2 groups

scholarly journals Stage excitement as individual psychological state of the vocalist

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
N. K. Korneev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The state and behavior of a singer on the stage has not been fully explored and studied. This article is an attempt to understand the causes of such a phenomenon as the excitement of a vocalist who goes on stage and performs in front of an audience. The unusual psychological state that an artist develops on the stage during a public performance brings many unexpected «discoveries» to the performer and requires detailed study. Unlike ordinary excitement, the author designated it as «stage excitement» and pointed out the factors that lead to the occurrence of such a state. The ways of neutralizing the negative sides of the artist’s state on the stage are analyzed. A great emphasis in the work is placed on the study of the psychological portrait of the performer and the psycho-emotional component of his personality as well as the characteristic moments associated with the individual characteristics of the vocalist.

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