AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L) IN UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
The market for oilseeds in Ukraine is a large segment of the general market foragricultural products. Mustard (Brassica junceaL) is an oilseed crop that canrestore the optimal ratio of crops in crop rotation and not reduce the rates ofeconomic activity. Ukraine is among the top ten world leaders in its cultivation.The warming trends observed over the last 30 years in the world and in Ukraine,allow growing of mustard throughout the country. Consequently, it becamenecessary to develop varietal technologies for growing mustard for specific soiland climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to develop cultivationtechnology for Brassica junceaL in the conditions of the north-eastern foreststeppeof Ukraine for the first time. We studied the influence of weather conditionson the peculiarities of growth, development, formation of biomass, photosyntheticactivity, productivity indices, yield, seed quality, oil production, depending on thevariety, sowing time, seeding rates and fertilizer for growing bluish mustard.According to research results, for the formation of 1.71-1.91 t/ha of bluish mustardseeds in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine on typicalblack soil, the cultivation technology should include: use of seeds of modern highyieldingadapted varieties; start sowing at soil temperature of 4-5 o C at a depth of10 cm; the rate of fertilizer N30P30K30 (during pre-sowing cultivation) and seedingrates of the varieties Prima - 1.5 million pieces/ha, and Retro -2.0 millionpieces/ha.