scholarly journals Four-Layered Structure of E-Government Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor P. Drljača ◽  
Dušan Starčević ◽  
Siniša Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rich Countries

The structure of the e-government systems plays a vital role for provision of quality of e-services offered. These systems are quite complex deploying the most advanced technologies and developed and rich countries minimised this complexity with centralised systems. However, the less developed and countries with limited financial support are creating distributed and decentralised systems trying to keep the pace with more developed in provision of e-government services. The common identifier for both types of the systems is four-layered structure, which provides quality of service provision. This paper discusses the four-layered structure of e-government systems on cases of Estonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The four-layered structure was found as the quality solution for distributed and decentralised e-government systems.

scholarly journals URDU: دینی مدارس کی معاشرتی حیثیت اوران کے ذرائع معاش

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Masooda Shah ◽  
Prof. Dr. Abdul Ali Achakzai
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Financial Survival

Madrassahas have played a vital role in educating the Muslims with Islamic teaching or enabling them to lead their life according to Islam. These steps compelled the common people to send their children to institutes or field where they are guaranteed an earning future. Madrassahs continued their existence the courage of devoted Islamic scholars and the aids/Zakat, Khairat of common people. Even after the partition of subcontinent Government did not consider any financial support for Madrassahs. Even today the system is not accepting the value of Madrassahs in our society.So that there was both religious and financial attractions studying and being an Islamic to serve.As result madrassah are producing long quality of Islamic scholars and no means of earnings or no skills required for earning financial survival in our society.

Theoretical Approach for Instrument Development in Measuring User-Perceived E-Government Service Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Taisira Al Balushi ◽  
Saqib Ali
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Models Validation ◽  
Quality Instruments

The quality of e-government services plays a vital role in the effective interaction of users/citizens with e-government portals, and it also improves governments' efficiency and responsiveness as per users' expectations. The objective of this study is to develop an instrument to measure perceived e-government service quality by applying a three-steps approach for models validation; conceptualization, design, and normalization; it was validated with Oman e-government service users. In this article, eight main quality dimensions were studied and validated (personalization, usability, performance, web design, security, citizen involvement, satisfaction, and loyalty). The reported results emphasized the varying importance of all eight quality instruments, in addition to the higher impact of web design and security on e-government services in the context of the Oman e-government.

The concept of motivation for effective credit risk management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2567-2593
Author(s):  
M.V. Pomazanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Business Functions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
The One

Subject. The study addresses the improvement of risk management efficiency and the quality of lending decisions made by banks. Objectives. The aim is to present the bank management with a fair algorithm for risk management motivation on the one hand, and the credit management (business) on the other hand. Within the framework of the common goal to maximize risk-adjusted income from loans, this algorithm will provide guidelines for ‘risk management’ and ‘business’ functions on how to improve individual and overall efficiency. Methods. The study employs the discriminant analysis, type I and II errors, Lorentz curve modeling, statistical analysis, economic modeling. Results. The paper offers a mechanism for assessing the quality of risk management decisions as opposed to (or in support of) decisions of the lending business when approving transactions. The mechanism rests on the approach of stating type I and II errors and the corresponding classical metric of the Gini coefficient. On the ‘business’ side, the mechanism monitors the improvement or deterioration of the indicator of changes in losses in comparison with the market average. Conclusions. The study substantiates the stimulating ‘rules of the game’ between the ‘business’ and ‘risk management’ to improve the efficiency of the entire business, to optimize interactions within the framework of internal competition. It presents mathematical tools to calculate corresponding indicators of the efficiency of internally competing entities.

Supporting Small and Medium Enterpries to Access Technological Innovation State Fund: International Experience and Lessons for Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Vu Thanh ◽  
Thu Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mai Thi Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
State Fund

Technological innovation state funds supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not common in the developing countries like Vietnam, but are common in the developed nations like the European countries and Korea. The financial and non-financial support of these funds has contributed significantly to the development of many SMEs. Learning from the funds which have successfully facilitated SMEs in innovating and developing advanced technologies is meaningful to the Vietnamese sicence and techonology management bodies and state funds. This article will review the experience of some typical fund in supporting SMEs, thereby providing some lessons for technology innovation Funds of Vietnam to create a more favorable environment for SMEs to access funds.

Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-781
Author(s):  
Seema Rohilla ◽  
Harish Dureja ◽  
Vinay Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.

The Use of Fibrin-based Tissue Adhesives for Breast in Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (32) ◽  
pp. 2985-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Chen ◽  
Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov ◽  
Vladimir N. Nikolenko ◽  
Igor V. Reshetov ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Tissue Adhesives ◽  
Tissue Adhesion ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Breast Plastic Surgery

Background: Breast plastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field of medicine. The modern view of surgical trends reflects the desire to minimize complications and introduce advanced technologies. These always will be priorities for surgeons. Reconstructive surgery, a branch of plastic surgery focusing on restoration of lost functional and aesthetic component, seeks to enhance psychological rehabilitation and improves the quality of life, as well as aesthetic recovery. Objective: This review addresses the action of fibrin agents and their effect on the quality of surgical hemostasis. Discussion and Conclusion: The fundamental goals for the surgeon are to perform a minimally traumatic intervention and to prevent any form of complication. Achieving complete hemostasis is an intraoperative necessity. Timely prevention of bleeding and hemorrhagic phenomena can affect not only the outcome of the operation, but also the incidence of postoperative complications. Topics include the integrity of microvascular anastomoses, tissue adhesion, and the incidence of seromas and hematomas associated with fibrin glue usage. The literature on fibrin adhesives with respect to prevention of postoperative complications, and the effectiveness with active drainage also are analyzed.

Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A herbal formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akash S Changole ◽  
Mandip Goyal ◽  
Harish CR
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Solvent Systems

Background: Quality control and the standardization of herbal medicines involve steps like standard source and quality of raw materials, good manufacturing practices and adequate analytical screening. These practices play a vital role in guaranting the quality and stability of herbal preparations. Chandrashakaladi Vataka is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation mentioned to be beneficial in Kushtha. Till date no published data is available on its analytical profile. Aim: To develop the Pharmacognostical and Phyto-chemical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka. Material and Methods: Chandrashakaladi Vataka was prepared as per classical method and analytical findings were recorded. Samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis, physico-chemical analysis and HPTLC examination by optimizing the solvent systems. Results and Conclusions: Pharmacognostical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka was established. Loss on drying, Ash value, Acid insoluble extract, Methanol soluble extract, Chandrashakaladi Vataka was found within prescribed limits. HPTLC profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka revealed 12 spots at 254 nm and 13 spots at 366 nm.

The Saudi Influence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Problem ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
The Common ◽  
Extreme North

This chapter explores the various manifestations of Saudi influence in Yemen’s extreme north, particularly with regard to the role of Saudi patronage politics in protection of the controversial and vulnerable border between the two countries. The beginnings of Saudi patronage policy can be traced back to the Saudi-Yemeni War of 1934 and the Treaty of Ṭāʾif, which resolved it. Since 1934 tribal elites in the Yemeni borderlands played a vital role in securing the common border. By considering the boundary problem through the lens of the borderland tribes, this chapter focuses on the influence of Saudi patronage politics in the area, the mutual interdependencies between Saudi boundary policy and the emergence of the Houthi conflict, and the vital role that tribes and tribal elites played in this process.

scholarly journals Implementation of a performance-based financing scheme in Malawi and resulting externalities on the quality of care of non-incentivized services

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Brenner ◽  
Caterina Favaretti ◽  
Julia Lohmann ◽  
Jobiba Chinkhumba ◽  
Adamson S. Muula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Performance Based Financing ◽  
A Performance

Abstract Background Countries in Africa progressively implement performance-based financing schemes to improve the quality of care provided by maternal, newborn and child health services. Beyond its direct effects on service provision, evidence suggests that performance-based financing can also generate positive externalities on service utilization, such as increased use of those services that reached higher quality standards after effective scheme implementation. Little, however, is known about externalities generated within non-incentivized health services, such as positive or negative effects on the quality of services within the continuum of maternal care. Methods We explored whether a performance-based financing scheme in Malawi designed to improve the quality of childbirth service provision resulted positive or negative externalities on the quality of non-targeted antenatal care provision. This non-randomized controlled pre-post-test study followed the phased enrolment of facilities into a performance-based financing scheme across four districts over a two-year period. Effects of the scheme were assessed by various composite scores measuring facilities’ readiness to provide quality antenatal care, as well as the quality of screening, prevention, and education processes offered during observed antenatal care consultations. Results Our study did not identify any statistically significant effects on the quality of ANC provision attributable to the implemented performance-based financing scheme. Our findings therefore suggest not only the absence of positive externalities, but also the absence of any negative externalities generated within antenatal care service provision as a result of the scheme implementation in Malawi. Conclusions Prior research has shown that the Malawian performance-based financing scheme was sufficiently effective to improve the quality of incentivized childbirth service provision. Our findings further indicate that scheme implementation did not affect the quality of non-incentivized but clinically related antenatal care services. While no positive externalities could be identified, we also did not observe any negative externalities attributable to the scheme’s implementation. While performance-based incentives might be successful in improving targeted health care processes, they have limited potential in producing externalities – neither positive nor negative – on the provision quality of related non-incentivized services.

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