scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Chance for Roma Children Living in Unfavorable Conditions // Fizička aktivnost kao šansa za romsku decu u nepovoljnim životnim uslovima

Author(s):  
Sabolč Halaši ◽  
Josip Lepeš ◽  
Andrea Živković Vuković ◽  
Nevenka Zrnzević

Until now no larger child sample of exclusively Roma ethnicity has been investigated concerning their basic somatic and motor performance attributes. The aim of the present comparison of Roma and non-Roma prepubertal and pubertal boys was to analyse if there were differences in some anthropometric measures and running performance to see if Roma children fall behind their non-Roma peers in growth and development, and if so, to what extent. Kinanthropometric data collection was carried out in 184 volunteer Roma boys aged 6.51 and 14.50 years. For a control group, exactly the same number of non-Roma subjects was selected randomly from each age group of the same region - Kanjiza and Novi Knezevac.


1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Pařézkov´ ◽  
Eva Faltov´

1. The effects of varying levels of physical activity were tested in rats, starting at ages of 21, 32 and 55 days and continuing until go, 100, 125 and 205 days.2. Weight changes did not differ significantly between the exercise groups, except in the groups tested up to 205 days, when both the exercised group and the group with limited activity were significantly lighter than the control group.3. The weight of the soleus muscle was significantly greater in the exercised rats compared with controls and rats with limited activity, except in the oldest age-group. The weight of the tibialis anticus muscle did not differ significantly between the different exercise regimes.4. Heart weight was not significantly affected by the exercise regime, except that in rats studied from 55 to 125 days; the group with limited activity had significantly lighter hearts than those in the control group or the exercised group.5. The percentage body fat was lower in the exercised group compared with the limited activity group, and was less than the control group in both the rats studied up to 205 days and those studied from 21 to 90 days.6. Isoprenaline produced less cardiac damage in the exercised rats than in controls or in rats with limited activity. Animals who died following injection of isoprenaline had a higher percentage body fat than those animals with minimal cardiac damage.



10.2196/17310 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e17310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Peddie ◽  
Chaya Ranasinghe ◽  
Tessa Scott ◽  
Anne-Louise Heath ◽  
Caroline Horwath ◽  
...  

Background Anecdotally, vegetarian eating patterns seem to be increasing in parallel with growing concerns about environmental sustainability. While this pattern of eating is widely believed to be associated with benefits for the planet and individual health, it may increase the risk of inadequate intakes and nutrient deficiency if not planned carefully. Adolescent girls may be particularly at risk, as they have increased requirements for nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B12 during growth and development. Objective The objective of the SuNDiAL Project (Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment, and Lifestyles) is to compare the dietary intakes and habits, nutrition status, motivations, attitudes, and physical activity of a sample of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescent girls in New Zealand. Methods A clustered, cross-sectional, nationwide study of adolescents aged 15-18 years was conducted. Secondary schools were recruited throughout New Zealand, and pupils (n=290) were invited to participate in data collection in either the first (February to April) or third (August to October) school term of 2019 (New Zealand schools operate on a 4-term year). Sociodemographic and health information; vegetarian status; dietary habits; and attitudes, motivations, and beliefs regarding food choices were assessed via an online self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were collected via two 24-hour diet recalls on nonconsecutive days and will be adjusted for within-person variation using the Multiple Source Method, to represent usual intakes. Nutrient adequacy will be assessed by the estimated average requirement cut-point method or probability approach as appropriate. Height and weight were measured, and blood and urine samples collected for micronutrient status assessment. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess 24-hour activity patterns (time spent asleep, sedentary, or engagement in light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity). Results Recruitment and data collection were conducted in 2019. Data are currently being cleaned and analyzed, with publication of the main results anticipated at the end of 2020. Conclusions The SuNDiAL Project will provide a meaningful and timely description of diet, nutrition status, and motivational factors associated with vegetarianism and identify any risks this pattern of eating may pose for female adolescents. The results of this study will support the development of targeted recommendations and interventions aimed at enhancing the health, growth, and development of adolescent girls. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000290190; https://tinyurl.com/yaumh278 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17310



2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekihan Hazar ◽  
Muhsin Hazar

In this study, it was investigated that effect of games including physical activity on digital game addiction of 11-14 age group middle-school students. Along with the determination of digital game addiction, conducting applied experimental study is important regarding showing results of application with theoretical knowledge towards solving problem. Within this framework, it was thought that “games including physical activity” will be important tool for decreasing the level of digital game addiction. Experimental Design method was used in the study in which was adopted Quantitative Research model. When 11-14 age group students who addicted digital games consisted of the population of the study, the sample of the study consisted of 29 girls and 51 boys who have studied. In the study, personal information form and digital game addiction scale that was developed by the researcher were used as measurement tools. During data collection period, by accepting applied pre-test to students as criterion sample process, students who have high addiction level (total scale score is 49 and above) were detected and control (n = 40) and experimental (n = 40) groups were created with unbiased assignment method. After the 12-weeks period “games including physical activity” training, the data which was collected from the control and experimental groups by taking post-test data was evaluated with SPSS 20 packaged software. It was found that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of both sub-dimensions and total addiction scores and post-test scores were lower than pre-test scores. It was shown that post-test addiction scores were significantly higher than pre-test addiction scores in control group. When investigating post-test addiction scores of control and experiment groups, it was shown that addiction level of experimental group significantly decrease comparing control group. It was determined that pre-test/post-test scores of experimental group students did not show significant differences in terms of gender, age, education level of mothers, education level of fathers, number of siblings. It was also found that pre-test/post-test addiction scores of experimental and control groups showed significant differences regarding playing digital game duration. When playing digital game duration decreased in experimental group, playing game duration increased in control group. Therefore, it was concluded that addiction levels of students who are digital game addict decreased because of interesting games including physical activity. As a result; physical moving games and sports can be said to be an important tool in dealing with digital game addiction. It can also be said that an important way to protect children from such addictions is to do sports.



2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Michele Zimowski ◽  
Jack Moye ◽  
Bernard Dugoni ◽  
Melissa Heim Viox ◽  
Hildie Cohen ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectiveThe current study assessed whether home-based data collection by trained data collectors can produce high-quality physical measurement data in young children.DesignThe study assessed the quality of intra-examiner measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate and anthropometric dimensions using intra-examiner reliability and intra-examiner technical error of measurement (TEM).SettingNon-clinical, primarily private homes of National Children’s Study participants in twenty-two study locations across the USA.SubjectsChildren in four age groups: 5–7 months (n 91), 11–16 months (n 393), 23–28 months (n 1410) and 35–40 months (n 800).ResultsAbsolute TEM ranged in value from 0·09 to 16·21, varying widely by age group and measure, as expected. Relative TEM spanned from 0·27 to 13·71 across age groups and physical measures. Reliabilities for anthropometric measurements by age group and measure ranged from 0·46 to >0·99 with most exceeding 0·90, suggesting that the large majority of anthropometric measures can be collected in a home-based setting on young children by trained data collectors. Reliabilities for blood pressure and pulse rate measurements by age group ranged from 0·21 to 0·74, implying these are less reliably measured with young children when taken in the data collection context described here.ConclusionsReliability estimates >0·95 for weight, length, height, and thigh, waist and head circumference, and >0·90 for triceps and subscapular skinfolds, indicate that these measures can be collected in the field by trained data collectors without compromising data quality. These estimates can be used for interim evaluations of data collector training and measurement protocols.



2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marinov ◽  
E Valtcheva

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects 2-3% of all teenagers. It is one of the most common chronic conditions in this age group, but studies on the physical activity (PA) of AIS patients are scarce. The available trials report conflicting findings when comparing the PA of children with AIS to healthy controls. Considering its possible role in the development of AIS and the potential benefits of PA, the topic should be further researched. This study aims to investigate the subject by comparing the physical activity of children with AIS to a group of healthy peers. Methods The study included 80 teenagers (aged 11-18 years) with AIS and 65 healthy age and gender-matched controls from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent from the parents. Children with chronic conditions (except AIS) were excluded. Information on AIS was taken from the available medical documentation. Data on PA during the last 7 days was collected via a standardized physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A). PAQ-A results vary from 1 (lowest PA) to 5 (highest PA). PAQ-A=2.75 has been found to correspond to the minimum recommended by WHO for this age group - 60mins of daily moderate to vigorous PA. Results None of the participants with AIS reported reduced PA due to impaired or restricted physical functions. The majority of children (78.8%) had mild scoliotic curvatures (Cobb angle 10°-20°). The mean PAQ-A score in AIS cases was 2.59 compared to 2.88 in controls. There was a statistically significant difference in PAQ-A score between the two groups (t = 2.722, p < 0.001). 59% of AIS had a PAQ-A score under 2.75, indicating that they do not meet the minimum PA recommendation by WHO, compared to 31% of the control group. Conclusions Patients with AIS have significantly lower PA than their healthy peers. The majority of children with AIS do not meet the minimum PA recommendations by the WHO. Key messages Our study reveals that children with AIS and mild curvatures have lower PA than their healthy peers despite not reporting impaired or restricted physical functions. Future prospective studies should investigate whether PA plays a role in the etiology of AIS.



2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Peddie ◽  
Chaya Ranasinghe ◽  
Tessa Scott ◽  
Anne-Louise Heath ◽  
Caroline Horwath ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Anecdotally, vegetarian eating patterns seem to be increasing in parallel with growing concerns about environmental sustainability. While this pattern of eating is widely believed to be associated with benefits for the planet and individual health, it may increase the risk of inadequate intakes and nutrient deficiency if not planned carefully. Adolescent girls may be particularly at risk, as they have increased requirements for nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B12 during growth and development. OBJECTIVE The objective of the SuNDiAL Project (Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment, and Lifestyles) is to compare the dietary intakes and habits, nutrition status, motivations, attitudes, and physical activity of a sample of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescent girls in New Zealand. METHODS A clustered, cross-sectional, nationwide study of adolescents aged 15-18 years was conducted. Secondary schools were recruited throughout New Zealand, and pupils (n=290) were invited to participate in data collection in either the first (February to April) or third (August to October) school term of 2019 (New Zealand schools operate on a 4-term year). Sociodemographic and health information; vegetarian status; dietary habits; and attitudes, motivations, and beliefs regarding food choices were assessed via an online self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were collected via two 24-hour diet recalls on nonconsecutive days and will be adjusted for within-person variation using the Multiple Source Method, to represent usual intakes. Nutrient adequacy will be assessed by the estimated average requirement cut-point method or probability approach as appropriate. Height and weight were measured, and blood and urine samples collected for micronutrient status assessment. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess 24-hour activity patterns (time spent asleep, sedentary, or engagement in light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity). RESULTS Recruitment and data collection were conducted in 2019. Data are currently being cleaned and analyzed, with publication of the main results anticipated at the end of 2020. CONCLUSIONS The SuNDiAL Project will provide a meaningful and timely description of diet, nutrition status, and motivational factors associated with vegetarianism and identify any risks this pattern of eating may pose for female adolescents. The results of this study will support the development of targeted recommendations and interventions aimed at enhancing the health, growth, and development of adolescent girls. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000290190; https://tinyurl.com/yaumh278 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/17310



Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Rafael Zapata Lamana ◽  
Igor Cigarroa Cuevas ◽  
Matias Monsalvez Álvarez ◽  
Lizette Cenzano Castillo ◽  
Carlos Matus Castillo ◽  
...  

  El estudio de la relación entre el desarrollo de patrones motores y los niveles de actividad física en la infancia, ha tomado un renovado interés con el objetivo de reorientar las prácticas en este grupo etario. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar el efecto de una intervención de 12 semanas, mediante la ejecución de circuitos de actividad física, sobre el rendimiento motor en preescolares, la muestra seleccionada fue un grupo de niños y niñas de entre 4-6 años, que para efectos de la investigación se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo a su estado nutricional: normopeso (n=12) y sobrepeso/obesidad (n=9).Corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo, en el que se evaluó IMC/edad, circunferencia de cintura y rendimiento motor. De acuerdo con los resultados se logró evidenciar que existen mejoras significativas en el rendimiento motor del grupo normopeso, específicamente en el equilibrio, salto y carrera y en el grupo con sobrepeso/obesidad, solo hubo una mejora en la carrera. En conclusión, una intervención de actividad física, mediante circuitos, mejoró el rendimiento motor en la muestra de preescolares, principalmente en el grupo con estado nutricional normal. Abstract: The study of the relationship between the development of motor patterns and levels of physical activity in childhood has taken a renewed interest with the aim of reorienting practices in this age group. The objective of this research was to compare the effect of a 12-week intervention, through the execution of physical activity circuits, on motor performance in preschoolers, the selected sample was a group of boys and girls between 4-6 years old, that for research purposes were divided into two groups according to their nutritional status: normal weight (n = 12) and overweight / obesity (n = 9). It corresponds to a quantitative study, in which BMI / age, circumference waist and motor performance. According to the results, it was possible to show that there are significant improvements in motor performance in the normal weight group, specifically in balance, jumping and running and in the overweight / obese group, there was only one improvement in running. In conclusion, a physical activity intervention, using circuits, improved motor performance in the preschool sample, mainly in the group with normal nutritional status.



2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L West ◽  
Gillian White ◽  
Nathan O'Keeffe ◽  
Greg D Wells

BACKGROUND Patients and survivors of childhood cancer may experience negative outcomes following treatment. This may result in negative developmental experiences such as social isolation, academic delays, and altered elective participation in developmental activities. Opportunities that offer experiences to children who have had cancer are important to help mitigate the potential outcomes of cancer treatment. One such opportunity is recreational oncology camp (“Camp”); the focus of this research project is Camp Ooch and Camp Trillium located in Ontario, Canada. OBJECTIVE There are two primary objectives of the current study: 1) examine the impact of recreational overnight Camp on social, psychological, emotional, and physical function in childhood cancer patients; and 2) inform an evidence strategy that can be implemented across the organization. METHODS A total of 40 children ages 7 to 18 will be recruited from Camp Ooch and Camp Trillium registration lists. All cancer diagnoses and stages of treatments will be included. No intervention will be added above regular camp programming which participants will opt into, same as campers that are not participating in the study. A No-camp control Group (n=40) will be recruited from The Hospital for Sick Children. Social, Psychological, and emotional functioning will be assessed by questionnaires including the Social Provisions Scale, General Self Efficacy Scale, and The Profile of Mood States (POMS-40). Stress will be measured via salivary cortisol. Physical function will be measured by via activity tracking (FitBit Charge™ 3), and physical literacy will be assessed by the PlaySelf™ scale. Testing will occur pre-camp, during camp, immediately and 6 months post-camp. RESULTS We hypothesize that compared to the non-camp control group, the camp experience will lead to improved social connectedness, reduced salivary cortisol levels (i.e., reduced stress), improved mood states, and increased self-efficacy. We also hypothesize that compared to the non-camp control group, children in the camp group will have increased physical activity participation, which will be associated with improved physical literacy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, work on this study has been delayed. We are currently completing our application for institutional research ethics approval. Depending on the COVID-19 pandemic status, data collection is projected to begin in the spring of 2021, with the majority occurring during the 2021 summer camp season. Data collection and analyses are expected to be completed by Spring 2022. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we expect the current project will increase knowledge on the psychosocial impact of childhood cancer and a prospective model for supporting positive youth development through social connections, self-efficacy, physical activity, and interaction with the natural environment. CLINICALTRIAL N/A



Author(s):  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Kathleen E. Burns ◽  
Wei Qian ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Valerie Carson

(1) Background: The Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) was a community-based obesity prevention intervention funded by the Government of Ontario (Canada). (2) Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the impact of the HKCC on physical activity (PA) outcomes using both repeat cross-sectional (T1 2014–2015, n = 31,548; T2 2015–2016, n = 31,457; and T3 2016–2017, n = 30,454) and longitudinal data (n = 3906) from the COMPASS study. Grade 9–12 students in HKCC communities were placed into one of three intervention groups [T2 data collection post-HKCC finishing (IG1), T2 data collection during HKCC (IG2), and T2 data collection pre-HKCC starting (IG3)], Ontario students in non-HKCC communities were Control Group 1 (CG1) and Alberta students were Control Group 2 (CG2). (3) Results: Repeat cross-sectional results show over time the HKCC had no significant impact on PA outcomes in any of the intervention groups. Longitudinal results show a significant decrease in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (IG2: −3.15 min/day) between T1 and T3 in IG2. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest the HKCC did not have an impact on improving PA outcomes among older youth in HKCC communities. Moving forward, there is a need to provide effective and sustainable interventions to promote PA among older youth.



2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D Lambert ◽  
Colin J Greaves ◽  
Paul Farrand ◽  
Lisa Price ◽  
Anne M Haase ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Physical activity is a potentially effective treatment for depression and depressive relapse. However, promoting physical activity in people with depression is challenging. Interventions informed by theory and evidence are therefore needed to support people with depression to become more physically active. eMotion is a Web-based intervention combining behavioral activation and physical activity promotion for people in the community with symptoms of depression. OBJECTIVE The objectives were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering eMotion to people in the community with symptoms of depression and to explore outcomes. METHODS Participants with elevated depressive symptoms were recruited from the community through various methods (eg, social media) and randomized to eMotion or a waiting list control group for 8 weeks. eMotion is an administratively supported weekly modular program that helps people use key behavior change techniques (eg, graded tasks, action planning, and self-monitoring) to re-engage in routine, pleasurable, and necessary activities, with a focus on physical activities. Feasibility data were collected that included the following: recruitment and trial retention rates; fidelity of intervention delivery, receipt, and enactment; and acceptability of the intervention and data collection procedures. Data were collected for the primary (depression) and secondary outcomes (eg, anxiety, physical activity, fidelity, and client satisfaction) at baseline and 2 months postrandomization using self-reported Web-based questionnaires and accelerometers. Delivery fidelity (logins, modules accessed, time spent) was tracked using Web usage statistics. Exploratory analyses were conducted on the primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of the 183 people who contacted the research team, 62 were recruited and randomized. The mean baseline score was 14.6 (SD 3.2) on the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8). Of those randomized, 52 participants provided accelerometer-recorded physical activity data at baseline that showed a median of 35.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.0-98.6) minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recorded in at least 10-minute bouts per week, with only 13% (7/52) people achieving guideline levels (150 minutes of MVPA per week). In total, 81% (50/62) of participants provided follow-up data for the primary outcome (PHQ-8), but only 39% (24/62) provided follow-up accelerometer data. Within the intervention group, the median number of logins, modules accessed, and total minutes spent on eMotion was 3 (IQR 2.0-8.0), 3 (IQR 2.0-5.0), and 41.3 (IQR 18.9-90.4), respectively. Acceptability was mixed. Exploratory data analysis showed that PHQ-8 levels were lower for the intervention group than for the control group at 2 months postrandomization (adjusted mean difference −3.6, 95% CI −6.1 to −1.1). CONCLUSIONS It was feasible to deliver eMotion in UK communities to inactive populations. eMotion has the potential to be effective and is ready for testing in a full-scale trial. Further work is needed to improve engagement with both the intervention and data collection procedures. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03084055; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03084055 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zoyM8UXa)



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