scholarly journals Philosophical representations on the phenomenon of evil in antique culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Pavel Aleksandrovich Gorokhov ◽  
Ekaterina Rafaelevna Yuzhaninova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hellenistic Philosophy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Spiritual Impact

The subject of this research is the existence of philosophical representations on the phenomenon of evil in antique culture and its perennial dialectical correlation with the good. This goal is achieved by interrelated solution of the following tasks: 1) determine the sources of antique philosophical perceptions of good and evil; 2) extract the essence of views of pre-Socratians, thinkers of the high classical period and certain representatives of Hellenistic philosophy upon the problems of good and evil; 3) assess the impact of antique ideas on good and evil upon the medieval philosophical views and modern philosophy. The scientific novelty consists in the first within the national historical-philosophical literature comprehensive assessment of the representations of antique philosophy upon the nature of evil. The author explores the genesis of these representations and their spiritual impact upon further development of world philosophy. Ancient Greece along with Ancient Rome, which absorbed its intellectual heritage, did not form the conceptually clear definition of evil; but the reviewed in this article philosophers, in diverse aphoristic forms of pre-philosophical knowledge and extant writings, left a number of paramount observations and reasoning that allow determining the establishment and advancement of the theory of evil in Middle Ages and Modern Age.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of the phenomenon of social destructiveness from the perspective of archaization theory within the Russian socio-philosophical discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Arsenii Belomytsev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Critical Overview

The subject of this article is the attempts of the Russian researchers to interpret the destructive processes in modern Russian society through the prism of development of archaization theory. Due to the lack of semantic definiteness, the concept of social archaization is often attributed to similar ones, such as “traditionalism”, “barbarization”, “patriarchalization”, “New Middle Ages", etc. The diversity of existing approaches substantiates the need to determine a certain theoretical core, which would become the foundation for further hypotheses. Special attention is given to problem of absence of a unified approach towards the definition of archaizing processes, as well as to the need for clarification and further functionality of the concept of social archaization. The novelty of this research consists in the critical overview and determination of flaws in the existing concepts of social archaization. It is demonstrated that the relevant findings of the Russian researchers do not always explain the origin of destructive processes in the Russian society. The effective practical solution to complications related to the phenomenon of social destruction is yet to be developed. The author proposes an alternative approach towards determination of the causes of archaization of the Russian society at the current stage; outlines the promising ways of reflection on archaizing trends; as well as formulates a refined definition of archaization of the modern society. The acquired results aim to lay theoretical foundation for further development and implementation of measures on overcoming destructive consequences of social archaicism.

The Four Paradoxes of Nuclear Strategy

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Morgenthau
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Middle Ages

The nuclear age has ushered in a novel period of history, as distinct from the age that preceded it as the modern age has been from the Middle Ages or the Middle Ages have been from antiquity. Yet while our conditions of life have drastically changed under the impact of the nuclear age, we still live in our thoughts and act through our institutions in an age that has passed. There exists, then, a gap between what we think about our social, political, and philosophic problems and the objective conditions which the nuclear age has created.This contradiction between our modes of thought and action, belonging to an age that has passed, and the objective conditions of our existence has engendered four paradoxes in our nuclear strategy: the commitment to the use of force, nuclear or otherwise, paralyzed by the fear of having to use it; the search for a nuclear strategy which would avoid the predictable consequences of nuclear war; the pursuit of a nuclear armaments race joined with attempts to stop it; the pursuit of an alliance policy which the availability of nuclear weapons has rendered obsolete. All these paradoxes result from the contrast between traditional attitudes and the possibility of nuclear war and from the fruitless attempts to reconcile the two.

Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Mbosowo Bassey Udok
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Human existence as a whole is attached to a culture. Every human is a member of a group that acts within the framework of patterns of behavior that is unique or peculiar to the group. Each group determines the component of her culture, and culture builds an identity for the group. This chapter is poised to examine definitions of culture across cultural backgrounds to show similarities and differences in articulating the subject matter. It explicates the components of culture which include the product and technical knowledge of human beings in a given environment. The work plunges into the characteristics of culture as socially based. Here, culture is seen as a creation of society and shared among members of the same society and learned through associations with others in the group. The work concludes that though there is no universally acceptable definition of culture, the impact of culture cannot be undermined as its influence is felt across disciplines and communities.

scholarly journals Geneza i pojęcie żywności lokalnej w powiązaniu z ideą zrównoważonejkonsumpcji

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Goryńska-Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Union Local ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development

This paper reviews the conceptual apparatus and the genesis of local food, on the basis of definitions and with respect to legal conditions, as well as the popular ways of interpretation of local food and scientific research performed by different centers and institutions – both domestic and foreign. On the basis of that, the paper presents the author’s own proposition concerning the abovementioned issue. The aim of the paper is to present the genesis and the definition of local food in the perspective of sustainable consumption. While conducting the research, the scientific literature concerning the subject was reviewed, and the findings were documented with available statistical and market information. The research showed that public institutions see the potential of local food and hope that it can drive the development of rural areas in the European Union. Local food is an alternative approach to the way in which food consumption can be turned into a sustainable one. Informed and responsible consumers, who are aware of their own limitations and value tradition, provide some new quality to the society (as they constitute a specific form of social capital), what translates into bigger local food production possibilities and is the basis for the further development of sustainable consumption.

scholarly journals Definition of economic security of the subject of economic activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Roman Snishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development

Introduction. Unstable Economy of Ukraine due to political and military factors accelerates the negative impact of the competitive environment in entities making their business vulnerable and unstable. The issue of companies’ economic security is becoming especially important. Gained experience is to be improved and further development of theoretical and methodological apparatus of companies’ economic security as an important direction of Security Studies is required. Goal. The article aims to study the author’s definition of economic security entities on the basis of acquired scientific experience. The object of the study is the processes of economic security. The subject of research is the theoretical bases of economic security at a separate business entity. Methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the definition of economic security as a scientific category, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, the method of theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis, abstract and logical, and others. Results. The article analyzes the current set of definitions of the company’s economic security. The basic approaches to the interpretation of the term are grounded. The expediency of refining classifications and increasing the number of approaches to the definition of economic security are substantiated. The author defines the complex economic category “economic security” as it relates to the business entity. Discussion. It is necessary to clarify purposes and principles of providing economic security of business entity under unstable economy.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of dialectic of good and evil in works of the philosophers of the Early Modern Age (T. Hobbes, B. Spinoza, G. V. Leibniz)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Human World ◽  
The One ◽  
Good And Evil

The subject of this research is the categories of good and evil in philosophy of the representatives of the Early Modern Age (on the example of the works of T. Hobbes, B. Spinoza, and G. W. Leibniz). These philosophers conceptualized the dialectic of good and evil leaning on the shifted paradigm at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. However, the article advances a hypothesis that despite a fundamental turn in the philosophy of the Modern Age, the prevalent n medieval philosophy dialectic of good and evil had a strong impact upon the views of the philosophers of the Early Modern Age. The research employs the dialectical method and metaphysics, which allowed viewing the categories of good and evil from the perspective of the logical-philosophical position of their contradiction, as well as revealing their initial nature and the role in human world. The novelty of this study consists in the fact that in a certain sense it explores the dual dialectic: on the one hand, it is a longtime problems of good and evil, while on the other hand, the philosophy of good and evil of the Early Modern Age is ambiguous and contradictory, when the previous paradigm is no longer relevant, although a new philosophical concept of good and evil is yet to be formed. There is a good reason why the author chos the ideas of T. Hobbes, B. Spinoza, and G. W. Leibniz – their approaches towards the problem of good and evil in the traditions of the Early Modern Age mark the key milestones in the research of these categories in the transitional historical period.

scholarly journals Décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Single Sphere ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article consists of exploring the category of décor as a form of social belonging in ancient Rome. The methodology consists in the application of analytical method – to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the décor in the works of Roman architects and philosophers: Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, Epicurus; formalization method – to clarify the concept of "décor" within the subject field of art history; the hermeneutic method – for interpreting the semantic load of the notion "décor" in the context of the culture of Ancient Rome; method of comparative studies – for analyzing approaches to understanding the category of décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of the décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. Conclusions. In Ancient Rome, the phenomenon of "Entertainment" was an important component of the socio-cultural life of this period, there was not a single sphere where this phenomenon did not act as the main decoration, the triumphs of emperors, the luxurious life of the patricians, all this was expressed in one definition of Juvenal – "Bread and circuses", Which became a defining marker in the culture and art of Ancient Rome. Décor, as an integral part of this phenomenon, becomes a form of social belonging, reflecting the characteristics of the corresponding lifestyle. The transformation of the concepts "décor" and "ornare" is considered, the first - in the ideological aspect of respect for the imperial power, the second - in the traditional decoration of Roman armor for legionnaires, as a means of emphasizing their belonging to the military. The most striking example of décor was the Arc de Triomphe, built in honor of the emperors (the Arc de Triomphe of Titus, Trajan, Constantine, etc.). On the example of the works of Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, the meaning of the category "décor" was considered as "Decor ornamentorum", the correspondence of details in relation to the whole, individual, special beauty that organically combines the combination of individual parts of an object into a single whole, situation or setting. Defined "décor" as a form of social belonging in the context of the transformation of the four Pompeian styles based on the decoration of insula and domus for different segments of the population (Domus aurea, "Villa of the Mysteries" in Pompeii, the house of Marcus Lucretius Frontinus in Pompeii, the villa in Oplontisi, the house of Menander in Pompeii, "House with Red Walls", "House of the Century" and "House of Julius Polybius"). Keywords: décor, interpretation, a culture of Ancient Rome, Vitruvius, Entertainment, Seneca, mosaic.

scholarly journals To the question on philosophical-methodological foundations of English legal positivism of the XIX century (legal teachings of J. Bentham and J. Austin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Anton Mikhailovich Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Logical Paradox ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the  aggregate of philosophical ideas and methodological paradigms that underlie the concepts of the “first” legal (statist) positivism in England of the XIX century. The author traces the impact of certain philosophical trends and legal concepts of the XVIII – early XIX centuries upon the philosophical and methodological foundations of the positivist concepts of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The article describes the influence of social atomism, and exploratory rationality of Modern Age upon the “first” legal positivism of philosophical rationalism of the XVIII century. The impact of such philosophical and legal concepts as nominalism, the historical school of lawyers, and philosophical positivism of A. Comte upon the “first” legal positivism was reconstructed. The scientific novelty consists in reconstruction of the influence of an entire number of philosophical and legal ideas and concepts upon the development of “first” legal positivism. Correlation between the legal doctrine of J. Bentham, philosophical concepts of the XVIII century, and the legal teaching of T. Hobbes is underlined. The author draws the ideological parallels between the philosophical nominalism, logical paradox of D. Hume, and legal doctrines of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The author reveals the key “channels” of the impact of German Historical School upon legal positivism, describes the similarities and differences between the scientific positivism of A. Comte and the concepts of legal positivism of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The philosophical-methodological framework of the concepts of “first” legal positivism were subjected to a significant influence of the methodological paradigm of philosophical rationalism, social atomism, exploratory scientific rationality of Modern Age, and nominalism.

1. Fundamental concepts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Gray ◽  
Susan Francis Gray
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Property Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter introduces a number of concepts that are fundamental to an understanding of the contemporary law of land in England and Wales. It discusses: definition of ‘land’ as physical reality; the notion of abstract ‘estates’ in land as the medium of ownership; the relationship between law and equity; the meaning of ‘property’ in land; the impact of human rights on property concepts; the ambivalence of common law perspectives on ‘land’; the statutory organisation of proprietary rights in land; and the underlying policy motivations that drive the contemporary law of land.

Object of the Crime as a Symbol in the Doctrine of the Composition of the Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Further Development

The author attempts to determine the place of the object of the crime in the doctrine of the composition of the crime. They analyze the views of scientists available in legal literature at various historical stages in the development of Russian legislation pertaining to criminal acts. Pre-revolutionary criminal legislation did not distinguish between the objects and the subjects of the crime. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian criminal law science began to realize the need to distinguish the objects of crimes from the subjects. Since 1953, in connection with liberalization, there has been a clear definition of the subject of crimes, depending on their composition. Further development of the doctrine of the subject of crimes is characterized by a wide variety of scientists views, which the author analyzes, combining them into two groups, depending on the location of the subject of the crime as part of the crime: 1) the subject of the crime is a sign of the objective side of the crime and does not depend in any way; 2) the subject of the crime is a sign of the object of the crime and is inextricably linked with it.

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