scholarly journals Aluminium Foams in the Design of Transport Means

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krešimir Grilec ◽  
Gojko Marić ◽  
Katica Miloš
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Compression Behaviour ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
The Impact

The requirements for weight reduction and improvement of performances in the design of transport means are often in contradiction to the requirements for increased safety. One of the possible ways of meeting these requirements is the application of metal foams. Thanks to cellular structure of aluminium foam along with low weight, the capability of noise and vibration damping, they feature also excellent capabilities of absorbing impact energy. Their application in the production of impact-sensitive elements of mobile or stationary transport means has significantly contributed to the reduction of the impact or collision consequences.The focus of this paper is on improving the energy absorption characteristics of aluminium foams considering the significance of their application for the technology of traffic and transport.The paper analyzes the influence of the chemical composition and density on the compression behaviour of aluminium foam. The aluminium foam samples were produced from Alulight precursor. The capability of samples to absorb mechanical energy has been estimated according to the results of compression tests. The tests were performed on a universal test machine. The test results showed that aluminium foams feature good energy absorption and the absorption capability decreases with the foam density. The Alulight AlMgSi 0.6 TiH2 - 0.4 foam can absorb more energy than Alulight AlSi 10 TiH2 – 0.8 foam.

Mechanical Behaviour and Energy Absorption Foam Filled Structures of Square Section under Compression Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipen Kumar Rajak ◽  
L.A. Kumaraswamidhas ◽  
S. Das
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Steel Foam ◽  
Compressive Tests

The focus of this paper is to study the energy absorption characteristics of aluminium foam filled sections. The energy absorption capability of square mild steel foam filled and empty samples to absorbed mechanical energy have been estimated according to the results from the compressive tests. The tests were performed on the universal testing machine .The experimental results shows that aluminium foam filled sections feature have good energy absorption at various strain rates from 10-3/s to 10/s.

Experimental investigation of the quasi-static and impact tests on the energy absorption characteristics of coupler rubber buffers used in railway vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Yao ◽  
Zhixiang Li ◽  
Wen Ma ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Quanwei Che
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

Coupler rubber buffers are widely used in high-speed trains, to dissipate the impact energy between vehicles. The rubber buffer consists of two groups of rubbers, which are pre-compressed and then installed into the frame body. This paper specifically focuses on the energy absorption characteristics of the rubber buffers. Firstly, quasi-static compression tests were carried out for one and three pairs of rubber sheets, and the relationship between the energy absorption responses, i.e. Eabn  =  n ×  Eab1, Edissn =  n ×  Ediss1, and Ean =  Ea1, was obtained. Next, a series of quasi-static tests were performed for one pair of rubber sheet to investigate the energy absorption performance with different compression ratios of the rubber buffers. Then, impact tests with five impact velocities were conducted, and the coupler knuckle was destroyed when the impact velocity was 10.807 km/h. The results of the impact tests showed that with the increase of the impact velocity, the Eab, Ediss, and Ea of the rear buffer increased significantly, but the three responses of the front buffer did not increase much. Finally, the results of the impact tests and quasi-static tests were contrastively analyzed, which showed that with the increase of the stroke, the values of Eab, Ediss, and Ea increased. However, the increasing rates of the impact tests were higher than that of the quasi-static tests. The maximum value of Ea was 68.76% in the impact tests, which was relatively a high value for the vehicle coupler buffer. The energy capacity of the rear buffer for dynamic loading was determined as 22.98 kJ.

Methods for Filling Hollow Structures with Aluminium Foam

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Foam Filling ◽  
Application Potential

Aluminium foams produced according to the powder metallurgical/foaming agent process are currently being used in several industrial sectors, such as automotive, rail transport or machine tools. Nevertheless there still is a high further application potential to be exploited. Especially in hybrid structures, e.g. in automotive structures that are locally filled with aluminium foam, great improvements regarding the energy absorption capacity and the sound absorption behaviour can be obtained. In the present paper several methods that allow for filling or local filling of hollow structures are investigated and presented. The effect of the foam filling on the energy absorption behaviour of the hybrid structure is discussed. Similar effects were also observed in compression tests on foam filled hollow profiles. The results of these investigations are presented.

scholarly journals Structural Behavior of Ferrocement Concrete Plates Subjected to Flexural and Dynamic Loadings

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Yousry B. I. Shaheen ◽  
Fatma M. Eid ◽  
Omnia Mesalam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Impact Energy ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Steel Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Loadings ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
The Impact

Ferrocement is one of the structural materials, widely used due to its advantages from its particular behavior such as mechanical properties, and impact strength. This paper deals with the impact studies and energy absorption properties of ferrocement slabs. For these studies, 11 different ferrocement slabs of size 50 mm X 500 mm X 25 mm were cast with alteration in the combinations of mesh layers and test results are analyzed to find the different crack patterns .The test specimens were loaded by 3.10 kg under its height 1.20 m in the center of plates. The ferrocement plates were divided into 4 groups reinforced with steel mesh, steel mesh with steel bars, percentage of rubber and fiber. The impact energy at initial cracking stage and at failure was determined for all the slabs. Results of reinforced ferrocement plates emphasized that increasing the number of the steel mesh layers in the ferrocement forms increases the first cracking load, ultimate load and energy absorption. Using steel bars with steel meshes led to higher energy absorption than that obtained when using mild steel bars only. Using rubber and fiber achieved high impact energy.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Factors and Their Effects in Experimental Results of Composite Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2731-2735
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Uncertainty factors can be considered as major factors influencing experimental results. This article reviews the potential impact of uncertainty in manufacturing composite structures. It also describes the impact of the following factors on the testing process: Void content, curing time, tester calibration read error, interlinear bond, and mixed striping. Test specimens of hexagonal tubes were selected for testing. Test specimens are tested under axial compression tests. Observation and test results showed that the un-certainty factor significantly influenced the final result. Furthermore, the possible reasons for these findings and their implications were discussed.

Numerical Modeling of Energy Absorption Behaviour of Aluminium Foam Cored Sandwich Panels with Different Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Facesheet Skins

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nalla Mohamed ◽  
D. Ananthapadmanaban ◽  
M. Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact

Sandwich structures based on Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) facesheet skins bonded with low density aluminium foam core are increasing in use in aerospace and marine industries. These structures are very sensitive to high velocity impact during the service. Therefore, it is necessary to study the energy absorption of the structures to ensure the reliability and safety in use. Experimental investigation of these transient events is expensive and time-consuming, and nowadays the use of numerical approaches is on the increase. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model of sandwich panels with aluminium foam as a core and Glass, Carbon and Kevlar Fibre Reinforced polymer composite as faceplate, subjected to high velocity impact using ABAQUS/Explicit. The influence of individual elements of the sandwich panel on the energy absorption of the structures subjected to high velocity impact loading was analysed. Selection of suitable constitutive models and erosion criterion for the damage were discussed. The numerical models were validated with experimental data obtained from the scientific literature. Good agreement was obtained between the simulations and the experimental results. The contribution of the face sheet, foam core on the impact behaviour was evaluated by the analysis of the residual velocity, ballistic limit, and damaged area.

Applications of Cellular Materials – An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prabhu ◽  
V.K. Bupesh Raja ◽  
Rajan Nikhil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
New Material ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Real Challenge

The research in material science had led to the discovery of new materials; but the real challenge lies in finding suitable application for those materials to be used in various engineering fields. Finding application for a new material is very difficult. Cellular materials have the most promising applications and proved to be satisfactory for its applicability due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, better crash energy absorption, fire resistance, non-toxicity, low thermal conductivity, magnetic permeability and lower density. Along with drastic weight reduction and material savings in the case of cellular structures, there are other application-specific benefits like noise and energy absorption, mechanical damping and filtration effects. Various materials exist where weight reduction is the only parameter to be considered but if low weight combined with good energy absorption characteristics or heat resistance is required, then metal foams could be preferred. Possible applications are seen in areas like light weight construction, crash energy absorption, noise control, transport industry, building industry, heat exchangers, purifiers, decoration and arts, etc,. The use of foams can satisfy the demand for light-weighing parts of several branches of industry.

Impact Response and Energy Absorption of Aluminium Foam-Filled Tubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang An ◽  
Cui E Wen ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Chun Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Impact Behaviour ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
The Impact

The effect of foam fillers on the impact behaviour and energy absorption of an aluminium tube is investigated. Both experimental test and computational simulation are employed in current study. For comparison, hollow tubes and foams are also tested, respectively. Foam filler is found to be ineffective in increasing the crushing loads of the composite tubes over the simple superposition of the crushing loads of hollow tube and foam. Also, foam filler increases the tendency for the concertina mode of folding. The foam fillers of tubes additionally result in increasing the SAE values over those of hollow tubes.

INVESTIGATION ON ENERGY ABSORPTION OF ALUMINIUM FOAM-CFRP SANDWICH PANEL SUBJECTED TO IMPACT LOADING

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadzli Ismail ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Ummu Raihanah Hashim ◽  
Shafika Elia Ahmad Aseri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
The Impact

Sandwich panels are widely used in the fabrication of high strength low-weight structure that can withstand impact and blast loading especially for aerospace and automotive structures. Currently, aluminium foam is one of the lightweight materials used as a core in sandwich panels. The combination properties of core and face-sheet material are important to produce high strength and lightweight sandwich panel. This research is aimed to develop a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sandwich panel with aluminium foam as a core and study the impact properties of the structure. The preparations of the sandwich panel involved closed-cell aluminum foam as a core material and CFRP composite as the face-sheets. The impact tests were conducted using an Instron Dynatup 9250HV impact tester machine according to ASTM standard D3763 under constant impact velocity of 6.7m/s. The results of the impact tests showed that CFRP composite sandwich panel has better impact properties when compared to the other systems where it has higher specific energy absorption and longer impact time.  

Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Foam by Conventional Casting Combined with NaCl Space Holder

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razmi Noh Mohd Razali ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Ismail Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Umi Kalsom Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Faizul Idham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Molten Aluminium ◽  
Good Energy

The purposes of this study were to determine the correlation of the aluminium foams mechanical properties in terms of the effect between its density and porosity as well as between its compressive strength and energy absorption of aluminium foam produced by space holder technique. The space holder used was NaCl particle with three different sizes and conditions. The space holders were completely filled the cavity prior pouring of molten aluminium by CO2 sand casting. Then, the samples underwent machining process to remove surface imperfection after casting, followed by water leaching in ultrasonic cleaner to remove the space holder. The higher the porosity, the lower the compressive strength but then again it acts as good energy absorption. Aluminium foam using NaCl size range of 10-15 mm has the highest energy absorption.

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