scholarly journals Multimodale Berichterstattungsmuster in der fernsehspezifschen Nachrichtentextsorte im deutsch-polnischen Vergleich

2018 ◽  
pp. 255-278
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mac
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Tv News ◽  
Text Types

The paper aims to demonstrate the most important aspects of comparative text analysis based on reporting patterns in TV news both in German and Polish media. The main concern is the cultural background of the texts. The first part of the article concentrates on multimodality of media texts and on the text type ‘TV news’. Following this, the major concepts of the culturality of text types in the pertinent German literature are presented. Against the background of the theoretical founda- tions, upon which the contrastive analysis is built, an exemplary examination is carried out: which ways of multimodal arrangement of TV news concerning terrorist attacks can be discerned? The terrorist attacks in question and which are the topic of the selected TV news took place in Great Britain in the first half of 2017. They were covered by the mentioned TV channels.

scholarly journals Fraktalität in deutschen und ukrainischen informationsbetonten Text- sorten

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Juri Kijko
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Structural Principles

Im vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um eine kontrastive Analyse von Bauprinzipien in den deutschen und ukrainischen informationsbetonten Paralleltextsorten aus fraktaler Perspektive anhand renommierter gleichrangiger Tageszeitungen. Je nach der Textdimension lässt sich Zwei- bzw. Dreifraktalstruktur in den untersuchten Textsorten unterscheiden. Meldungen weisen α- und ω-Fraktale, Nachrichten und Berichte noch φ-Fraktal auf. Darüber hinaus stehen diese drei Textsorten in fraktaler Relation zueinander. Es dürfte also angenommen werden, dass Selbstähnlichkeit ein universales Bauprinzip in informationsbetonten Textsorten ist. Bedingt ist solch eine Baustruktur vor allem durch extralinguale Faktoren, wobei Zeit- und Platzmangel eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.Fractality in German and Ukrainian news text typesThe present paper focuses on a contrastive analysis of the structural principles in the German and Ukrainian news text types from a fractal perspective based on the material from the equivalent quality daily newspapers. Depending on the text size two- or three-fractal structures may be singled out in the news texts under study. The text type note has α- and ω-fractals, news articles and reports have additionally φ-fractal. Furthermore, these three text types are in a fractal relation to each other. It might be assumed that self-similarity is a universal building principle in news text types. Such a structure is caused especially by extralinguistic factors, where time and space play a crucial role.

Arab Translators’ Problems at the Discourse Level

Babel ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Fattah M. Jabr
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Varient Selon ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Arab translators, whether they be freelance or translator trainees, continue to encounter problems in translation from Arabic into English and vice versa at the textual and structural level. This is partly due to the sentence-based approach still favored and practiced by most translators and translation teachers. In addition, most of those translators seem to be unaware of the differences between the two languages and between different text types in terms of their textual and structural features. This paper attempts to shed light on such problems in three texts that represent three different text types. Two texts that are translated from Arabic into English and one text translated from English into Arabic have been analyzed. The text analysis has confirmed the tentative assumptions of the author. Arab translators are shown to have problems at thetextual and the structural level in both languages and different text types. It is also shown that such problems vary according to language and text type. Résumé Les traducteurs arabes, qu’ils soient indépendants ou en formation, ne cessent de rencontrer des problèmes de traductions de la langue arabe vers la langue anglaise et vice-versa tant au niveau textuel que structurel. Ceci est partiellement dû à l’approche encore en vogue et pratiquée par la plupart des traducteurs et des professeurs de traduction, notamment en se basant sur la phrase. En outre, la plupart de ces traducteurs semblent ne pas avoir conscience des différences entre les deux langues et des divers types de textes au point de vue de leurs caractéristiques textuelles et structurelles. Cet article tend á éclairer ce type de problèmes dans trois textes qui représentent trois types de textes différents. Ont été analysés deux textes traduits de la langue arabe vers la langue anglaise et l’un déux de la langue anglaise vers la langue arabe. L’analyse du texte a confirmé les suppositions provisoires de l’auteur. Les traducteurs arabes rencontrent des problèmes tant au niveau textuel que structurel dans le deux langues et les différents types de textes. Il est aussi démontré que ces problèmes varient selon la langue et le type de texte.

Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony McEnery ◽  
Richard Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Chinese Texts

This paper uses an English-Chinese parallel corpus, an L1 Chinese comparable corpus, and an L1 Chinese reference corpus to examine how aspectual meanings in English are translated into Chinese and explore the effects of domains, text types and translation on aspect marking. We will show that while English and Chinese both mark aspect grammatically, the aspect system in the two languages differs considerably. Even though Chinese, as an aspect language, is rich in aspect markers, covert marking (LVM) is a frequent and important strategy in Chinese discourse. The distribution of aspect markers varies significantly across domain and text type. The study also sheds new light on the translation effect by contrasting aspect marking in translated Chinese texts and L1 Chinese texts.

The role of text type and strategy use in L2 lexical inferencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-252
Author(s):  
Ming-yueh Shen
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Use ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
First Year ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Lexical Inferencing ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Abstract This study aimed to determine as to whether or not the text type and strategy usage affect the EFL learners’ lexical inferencing performance. The participants were comprised of 87 first-year English majors at a technical university. Data were collected from (1) a lexical inferencing test with excerpts of narrative and expository texts, for which both multiple-choice and definition tasks were designed, respectively, and then (2) the responses from the learners’ self-reported strategy usage. The quantitative analyses demonstrated that the text types significantly affected the EFL learners’ lexical inferencing performance, in which the EFL learners performed better for the narrative excerpt than for the expository texts. However, significant coefficients between the strategy use and the lexical inferencing performance were not found in this study. The results further implied that the text structure and the lexical inferencing strategies should be explicitly taught to the EFL learners.

scholarly journals Reforming the Norwegian police between structure and culture: Community police or emergency police

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Christensen ◽  
Per Lægreid ◽  
Lise H Rykkja
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Attention Shifting ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Community Police

This article examines the reform of the police in Norway between 2012 to 2015 drawing upon central public reports and official documents leading up to the reform. These include the report from the official Inquiry Commission into the police response to the terrorist attacks in Oslo and at Utøya in July 2011, a report issued by a public commission in 2013 – established to analyze challenges within the police – and the resulting government proposal and parliamentary discussion that culminated in a decision to create a new police structure in 2015. While governance capacity and the need for a stronger emergency police were a main concern throughout the process, the importance of governance legitimacy and of maintaining a community police force became more important towards the end. The organizational thinking behind the reform is explained in terms of a structural and an institutional perspective. The analysis shows that both cultural and structural change was seen as prominent instruments for improving the police force, but they were emphasized differently at different points during the process. The analysis demonstrates that political context, agenda settings, attention shifting and situational factors as well as path dependency were important drivers of the reform.

TERRORISM AS THREAT TO SECURITY OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD. SELECTED ASPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Zbigniew KUŹNIAR ◽  
Artur FRONCZYK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Operation ◽  
Religious Terrorism

The article includes various definitions of terrorism, and the motives and methods of operation in terrorism in a broad sense. The article describes secular and religious terrorism with its common features and differences. In the article terrorism is presented as currently the biggest threat to international security. The authors describe some methods of carrying out terrorist attacks in the world, particularly in the United States and Great Britain.

Implicatures in the Persian and Turkish Translations of Four American Short Stories

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
Esmail Faghih ◽  
Fatemeh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Translation of implicature as a challenging issue in Translation Studies is addressed in the present study. Considering this notion, the researchers’ main concern after extracting implicatures was to investigate the translation procedures proposed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2002) and also Newmark (1988) in translating implicatures including: 1. Linguistic amplification, 2. Linguistic compression, 3. Literal translation, 4. Transposition, 5. Established equivalence, and 6. Free translation.  To achieve the aims of the study, six questions were proposed to examine the translation procedures adopted by the translators and to find out the most frequent translation procedures utilized in rendering the relevant implicatures.  To this end, four short stories entitled “Cat in the Rain”, “Indian Camp”, “Killers”, and “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” by American writer Ernest Hemingway and their two best-seller Persian and Turkish translations by Ahmad Golshiri and Shirmohammad Qudratoghlu were chosen to be analyzed.  Through a contrastive analysis in this qualitative descriptive study, sixty-nine implicatures were identified and extracted from all these short stories according to the maxims defined by Grice (1975) and compared with their corresponding translations.  The results indicated that the Turkish translator has used linguistic amplification and free translation that do not lead to reproduce the implicatures in the target text; therefore, the Persian translator was more successful in recreating the implicatures in the target text (see Abbasi, 2016).

Is translated language more standardized than non-translated language?

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delaere ◽  
Gert De Sutter ◽  
Koen Plevoets
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Source Language ◽  
External Communication ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Frequency Counts

With this article, we seek to support the law of growing standardization by showing that texts translated into Belgian Dutch make more use of standard language than non-translated Belgian Dutch texts. Additionally, we want to examine whether the use of standard vs. non-standard language can be attributed to the variables text type and source language. In order to achieve that goal, we gathered a diverse set of linguistic variables and used a 10-million-word corpus that is parallel, comparable and bidirectional (the Dutch Parallel Corpus; Macken et al. 2011). The frequency counts for each of the variables are used to determine the differences in standard language use by means of profile-based correspondence analysis (Plevoets 2008). The results of our analysis show that (i) in general, there is indeed a standardizing trend among translations and (ii) text types with a lot of editorial control (fiction, non-fiction and journalistic texts) contain more standard language than the less edited text types (administrative texts and external communication) which adds support for the idea that the differences between translated and non-translated texts are text type dependent.

scholarly journals Interactive Exploration of the Readability of Science Authors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J Jarvis ◽  
Patrick M. McGurrin ◽  
Rebecca Featherston ◽  
Marc Skov Madsen ◽  
Shivam Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Search Service ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Academic Authors

Here we present a new text analysis tool that consists of a text analysis service and an author search service. These services were created by using or extending many existing Free and Open Source tools, including streamlit, requests, WordCloud, TextStat, and The Natural Language Tool Kit. The tool has the capability to retrieve journal hosting links and journal article content from APIs and journal hosting websites. Together, these services allow the user to review the complexity of a scientist’s published work relative to other online-based text repositories. Rather than providing feedback as to the complexity of a single text as previous tools have done, the tool presented here shows the relative complexity across many texts from the same author, while also comparing the readability of the author’s body of work to a variety of other scientific and lay text types. The goal of this work is to apply a more data-driven approach that provides established academic authors with statistical insights into their body of published peer reviewed work. By monitoring these readability metrics, scientists may be able to cater their writing to reach broader audiences, contributing to an improved global communication and understanding of complex topics.

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