scholarly journals Pattern of Mosquito Borne Parasitic Infection in the Night Blood Samples of Patients with Elevated TNF-α of> 5.0 pg/ml

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan ◽  
Tolulope Busayo Ojediran ◽  
Donatus Fn Ozuruoke
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Study Background: Plasmodium spp., (Protozoan) and Wuchereria bancrofti (Nematode) are transmitted by mosquitos to cause insect borne diseases known as malaria and Lymphatic filariasis/Elephantiasis. Apart from the social implication of these parasitic infections the infections can also elicit immune responses. Aim and Objective: This work was therefore designed to determine the pattern of mosquito borne parasitic infection in the night blood samples of patients with elevated TNF-α of > 5.0 pg/ml. Materials and Methods: Seventy (70; aged 31 – 76 years; Male- 35; Female-35) volunteers with plasma TNFα of 5.8 ±0.7 pg/including age-matched control participants ( n= 50 ; TNFα of 2.2 ± 0.3 pg/ml). All participants were negative to Acid Fast Bacilli, ant-HCV, HBsAg and HIV tests were recruited for the study. Night blood samples and sputum samples were obtained from the participants. Blood sample was used for determination of TNFα, HIVp24ag-Ab, anti-HCV, HBsAg by ELISA and identification of Plasmodium and Wuchereria by Geimsha thick blood film staining while sputum samples were used for the demonstration of Acid Fast Bacilli by Ziehl Neelsen staining. Results: The results showed a frequency of Plasmodium spp., in individuals with plasma TNF-α of 5.8 ±0.7 pg/ml as 31.4%(22) as against a frequency of 18%(9) in subjects with plasma TNF-α of 2.2 ± 0.3 pg/ml.. The results also showed a frequency of 5.71%(4) and2%(1) Wuchereria bancrofti in subjects with plasma TNF-α of 5.8 ±0.7 pg/ml and TNF-α of 2.2 ± 0.3 pg/ml. respectively. The overall frequency of parasitic infection obtained in both test and control subjects include: 33.3% (40)Plasmodium spp., and 4.2%(5) Wuchereria bancrofti.The overall results from both test and control subjects also showed a gender distribution of 20%(24) and 13.3%(16) Plasmodium spp.,in female and males respectively while a distribution of 1.7%(2) and 2.5%(3) Wuchereria bancrofti in females and males respectively. Conclusion: This work revealed increase in the frequency of Plasmodium spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti infections with increase in plasma TNF-α while the overall frequency of parasitic infection obtained in both test and control subjects was found to be 33.3% (40)Plasmodium spp., and 4.2%(5) Wuchereria bancrofti with possible variations in regional and gender distributions. Mosquito borne parasitic infection of Plasmodium spp., was found to be more prevalent in patients with elevated TNF-α of> 5.0 pg/ml.

scholarly journals Analysis of Serum Cytokines in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4410-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yuliang Zhan ◽  
Lianqiu Wu ◽  
Xueying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tumor Growth Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system. Although a novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of SARS, the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS are not understood. In this study, sera were collected from healthy donors, patients with SARS, patients with severe SARS, and patients with SARS in convalescence. The serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The concentrations of IL-1 and TNF-α were not significantly different in different groups. The IL-6 concentration was increased in SARS patients and was significantly elevated in severe SARS patients, but the IL-6 concentrations were similar in convalescent patients and control subjects, suggesting that there was a positive relationship between the serum IL-6 concentration and SARS severity. The concentrations of IL-8 and TGF-β were decreased in SARS patients and significantly reduced in severe SARS patients, but they were comparable in convalescent SARS patients and control subjects, suggesting that there was a negative relationship between the IL-8 and TGF-β concentrations and SARS severity. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 showed significant changes only in convalescent SARS patients. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were decreased, while the levels of IL-10 were increased, and the differences between convalescent SARS patients and other patient groups were statistically significant. These results suggest that there are different immunoregulatory events during and after SARS and may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KADAR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR – α DENGAN DENSITAS PLASMODIUM PADA PENDERITA MALARIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Roinwowan ◽  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Angle M. H. Sorisi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract: Malaria is a parasitic infection that attacks the erythrocytes. This disease remains a global health problem, especially in developing countries in the tropics and subtropics. Symptomatic malaria infection include fever, chills, anemia and splenomegaly. Malaria infection can progress without any complications but can also develop systemic complications known as severe malaria. The cause of malaria is plasmodium infection, Plasmodium in humans infected erythrocytes (red blood cells) and asexual breeding experience in liver tissue and erythrocytes. In this research, the microscopic examination of blood samples for counting malaria parasites in the blood and then measured the levels of TNF-α by ELISA. This analytical study using 40 samples taken by simple random sampling. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of TNF-α levels plasmodium with.  Conclusions: There were significant correlation between the levels of TNF-α with a density of plasmodium malaria in blood samples. Keywords: Malaria, TNF-α, ELISA, plasmodium    Abstrak: Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi parasit yang menyerang eritrosit. Penyakit ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia terutama di negara sedang berkembang pada kawasan tropik dan subtropik. Infeksi malaria memberikan gejala berupa demam, menggigil, anemia dan splenomegali. Infeksi malaria dapat berlangsung tanpa adanya komplikasi namun dapat juga menyebabkan komplikasi sistemik yang dikenal sebagai malaria berat. Penyebab infeksi malaria ialah plasmodium,Plasmodium ini pada manusia menginfeksi eritrosit (sel darah merah) dan mengalami pembiakan aseksual di jaringan hati dan eritrosit. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis pada sampel darah penderita malaria untuk menghitung parasit dalam darah dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kadar TNF-α dengan metode ELISA. Penelitian analisis ini menggunakan 40 sampel yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jumlah plasmodium dengan  kadar TNF- α. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar TNF- α dengan densitas plasmodium pada sampel darah penderita malaria. Kata Kunci : Malaria, TNF- α, ELISA, plasmodium

scholarly journals Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia).

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Maru Wassie Yenene ◽  
Abayneh Unasho Gandile
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children. Methods: A school based cross- sectional study was conducted from September, 2019- January, 2020 and a total of 422 asymptomatic primary school children were involved in the study. Specimens of the stool samples were examined using the standard parasite and ova method. Direct microscopy using saline and iodine wet mount preparation was used to examine the presence of eggs and larvae of helminthes and trophozoites and cysts of protozoan parasites and formalin ether concentration method was used for quality assurance. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics and predisposing factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 422 students (aged 5-14 years) participated in the study, 245(58%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Of the total infected participants, 192(45.5%) were single infections and 53(12.6%) were double infections identified. Seven types of intestinal parasitic infections were identified in the present study. The most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia 95(22.5%) followed by hook worm 58(13.7%). Age groups 5-9 years old were more infected, 173 (70.6%) than age groups 10-14 years old 72(29.4%). This result also showed parasitic infections were associated with predisposing factors related to infectious cycles. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among students in the targeted primary schools. Therefore, all stakeholders should give attention to raise awareness about the prevention and control mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections. Moreover, the health services of the local government should develop a habit of mass public health education and deworming intervention to improve the level of parasitic infection and environmental hygiene in the study area.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition amongst first-cycle primary schoolchildren in Adama, Ethiopia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Belay ◽  
Pawlos Reji ◽  
Berhanu Erko ◽  
Mengistu Legesse ◽  
Mulugeta Belay
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
And Control

Background: A survey of intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition in different regions or localities is a very important step in developing appropriate prevention and control strategies.Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition amongst first-cycle primary schoolchildren in Adama town,Ethiopia.Method: A total of 358 children from four primary schools in Adama town were included for stool examination, weight for age, height for age, weight for height and socio-economic status of the family.Results: The result of stool examinations showed that 127 (35.5%) of the study subjects were infected by one or more parasite. The most frequent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (12.6%) and Hymenolopis nana (8.9%). The rate of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly associated with sex, age or socio-economic factors and nutrition (P > 0.05). The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 21.2%. Those children whose families had a monthly income of less than 200 ETB (Ethiopian birr) were highly affected by malnutrition (P < 0.05),but family education was not identified as a factor for malnutrition amongst schoolchildren.Conclusion: The prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar and H. nana could be of public health importance and calls for appropriate control strategies, and the high prevalence of malnutrition amongst children from poor families requires intervention.

Large Nosocomial Outbreak Associated with a Norwegian Scabies Index Case Undergoing TNF-α Inhibitor Treatment: Management and Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Belvisi ◽  
Giovanni Battista Orsi ◽  
Cosmo Del Borgo ◽  
Paolo Fabietti ◽  
Adriana Ianari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Psoriasis Arthritis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

We describe a large outbreak associated with a crusted (Norwegian) scabies case in an immunocompromised patient following treatment with TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab) for psoriasis arthritis. The increasing use of TNF-α inhibitors should induce clinicians to consider this serious parasitic infection when evaluating skin rashes in patients receiving biologic therapies.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1358–1360

scholarly journals MOSQUITO-BORNE PARASITES IN PATIENTS NEWLY INFECTED WITH HIV IN RELATIONSHIP WITH CD4 COUNT AND TNF ΑLPHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Mosquito-borne parasites include the pathogenic protozoa and helminths that are transmitted by the insect vector which may co-infect with other organisms to elicit an immune response. Purpose: To determine the frequency of mosquito-borne parasites in patients newly infected with HIV in relationship with CD4 count and TNFα. Method: Thirty-one (31; aged 15-32 years; male-12; female-19) newly diagnosed HIV positive patients and fifty (50) age-matched HIV negative volunteers were recruited as a control subject for this study. All subjects were negative to anti-HCV/HBsAg ELISA, Plasmodium, Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) tests and the control subjects were also negative to HIVP24 Ag-Ab ELISA, Plasmodium spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti microscopy. Venous blood including Night blood samples and sputum samples were obtained from the participants for CD4 count by cyflowmetry, TNFα, HIVP24Ag-Ab, anti-HCV, HBsAg by ELISA and microscopic identification by Giemsa staining while Sputum sample was used for Ziehl Neelsen staining to demonstrate Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Result: A lower frequency of 25.8% (Rajan, 2008) Plasmodium spp. and 6.5% (James et al., 2015) W. bancrofti was obtained in newly infected HIV patients compared with 32% (Zeitlmann et al., 2001) Plasmodium spp. and 8% (WHO, 2019) W. bancrofti obtained in the non-HIV infected control subjects. Showed a significant decrease in CD4 count and increase in plasma TNFα in both HIV mono-infection and coinfection with Plasmodium spp. and W. bancrofti compared with the results obtained in the non-HIV infected control subjects (p<0.05) and the results obtained in the newly infected HIV patients without Plasmodium spp. and W. coinfection (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in plasma TNFα and a decrease in CD4 count in both HIV mono-infection and coinfection with Plasmodium spp. and W. bancrofti while a lower frequency of Plasmodium spp. and W. bancrofti was obtained in newly infected HIV patients compared with the results obtained in the non-HIV infected control subjects.

Intestinal Parasites Infections among HIV Infected Children Under Antiretrovirals Treatment in Yaounde, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
William Baiye Abange ◽  
Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Clement Assob Nguedia ◽  
Nelly Kamgaing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes dysregulation of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes which gives rise to opportunistic infections. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2018. Stool and blood samples were collected from participants aged 1 to 19. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites. Blood samples were analyzed for HIV and CD4 + T cell counts. Results Out of 214 children enrolled, 119 (55.6%) were HIV infected and 95 (44.4%) were HIV non-infected. All infected children were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.2% in HIV infected and 15.8% in non-infected children. Among the 119 HIV infected children, 33 (27.7%) of them had a CD4+ T cell count less than 500 cells/mm3, and amongst them 5.9% had CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Among HIV infected children, Cryptosporidium spp. was frequently detected, 7/119 (5.9%), followed by Giardia lamblia 5/119 (4.2%) then Blastocystis hominis 3/119 (2.5%) and Entamoeba coli 3/119 (2.5%). Participants on ART and prophylactic co-trimoxazole for &gt;10 years had little or no parasite infestation. Conclusions Although ART treatment in combination with prophylactic co-trimoxazole reduces the risk of parasitic infection, 20.2% of HIV infected children harbored intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium spp. Stool analysis may be routinely carried out in order to treat detected cases of opportunistic parasites and such improve more on the life quality of HIV infected children.

scholarly journals What Happens to Adipokines and Cytokine in Overweight and Obese Girls with Central Precocious Puberty When They Exercise and Stop Exercising? A randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Ali Heidarian pour ◽  
Zahra Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background we investigate the levels of adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and signs of puberty progression after 12-weeks of combined exercise and 4-weeks of detraining. Methods Thirty overweight and obese girls (age7-9) with precocious puberty who injected Differlin were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and control). At the beginning, blood samples were obtained from all subjects and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α were measured. Exercise group performed 60minutes of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercises 3 times a week for 12-weeks.Control group did not receive any exercise. 48 hours after the last training session and after four weeks of detraining, blood samples were collected in the second and third stage, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the control group in both steps. BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride, signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine lengths, ovarian volumes), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on all three occasions. Results In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12-weeks. After 4-weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased and resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups but FSH and LH/FSH significantly decreased in exercise group, alone. Conclusion Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and rate of puberty. After 4-weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear. Trial registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39938. Registered 24 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/trialist

scholarly journals Association of TNF-α 308G/A and LEPR Gln223Arg Polymorphisms with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Maria Trapali ◽  
Dimitra Houhoula ◽  
Anthimia Batrinou ◽  
Anastasia Kanellou ◽  
Irini F. Strati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

The objective of the present study was to identify the association of the TNF-α- 308G/A and leptin receptor (LEPR) Gln223Arg polymorphisms with the risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 160 volunteers were studied: 108 with T2DM and 52 participants as control, who served as the control group. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for the genomic region of TNF-α- 308G/A and LEPR Gln223Arg were carried out. Results: The frequency of LEPR Gln223Arg genotypes in T2DM and control groups showed significant differences in the distribution of genotypes (p < 0.05). The frequency also of TNF-α- 308G/A genotypes in T2DM and control subjects showed significant differences in the distribution of genotypes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between the individuals with T2DM and control subjects (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Parasitic Infections in BuMusa Island, Hormozgan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein SOBATI
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Water Tanks

Background: This epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island, Iran, in one year from 2015 to 2016. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in coordination with the health authorities of BuMusa on 732 intestinal samples and 1207 blood samples randomly collected from the island residents. Cutaneous lesions of 1207 people were clinically examined and those suspected of parasitic infections were enrolled. Also, 165 intestinal samples from domestic animals, 35 samples from water tanks, and 330 soil samples were taken to the laboratory to be investigated in terms of parasitic infections. Results: The obtained results showed 26.4% and 45.5% intestinal parasitic infections in humans and animals, respectively. The most prevalent infections in humans were Blastocystis hominis (8.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (8.2%), and Entamoeba coli (6.8%); and the least prevalent infection was Enterobius vermicularis (<0.2%). Malaria agents and Leishmania were not observed in blood samples. Investigation of animal feces showed that the highest parasitic infection was Eimeria arloingi (16.4%), while the lowest prevalence belonged to Monizia expansa (0.6%). Hymenolepis nana eggs and Cyclops were detected in one sub-source of water tanks. Rhabditis larva, a free-living nematode, was observed in a soil sample. Conclusion: The prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island was relatively low probably due to its hot and dry climate.

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