scholarly journals The association between prior physical fitness and depression in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic—a cross-sectional, retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11091
Author(s):  
Yaoshan Dun ◽  
Jeffrey W. Ripley-Gonzalez ◽  
Nanjiang Zhou ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Meijuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a spike in deleterious mental health. This dual-center retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of depression in young adults during this pandemic and explored its association with various physical fitness measures. Methods This study enrolled 12,889 (80% female) young adults (mean age 20 ± 1) who performed a National Student Physical Fitness battery from December 1st, 2019, to January 20th, 2020, and completed a questionnaire including Beck’s Depression Inventory in May 2020. Independent associations between prior physical fitness and depression during the pandemic were assessed using multivariable linear and binary logistic regressions accordingly, covariates including age, dwelling location, economic level, smoking, alcohol, living status, weight change, and exercise volume during the pandemic. Sex- and baseline stress-stratified analyses were performed. Results Of the study population 13.9% of men and 15.0% of women sampled qualified for a diagnosis of depression. After multivariable adjustment, anaerobic (mean change 95% CI −3.3 [−4.8 to 1.8]) aerobic (−1.5 [−2.64 to −0.5]), explosive (−1.64 [−2.7 to −0.6]) and muscular (−1.7 [−3.0 to −0.5]) fitness were independently and inversely associated with depression for the overall population. These remained consistent after sex- and baseline stress-stratification. In binary logistic regression, the combined participants with moderate, high or excellent fitness also showed a much lower risk compared to those least fit in anaerobic (odd ratio (OR) 95% CI 0.68 [0.55–0.82]), aerobic (0.80 [0.68–0.91]), explosive (0.72 [0.61–0.82]), and muscular (0.66 [0.57–0.75]) fitness. Conclusions These findings suggest that prior physical fitness may be inversely associated with depression in young adults during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced albuminuria is related to metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. F1192-F1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Greenberg ◽  
Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty ◽  
Ori Rogowski ◽  
Itzhak Shapira ◽  
David Zeltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Exercise Induced

Microalbuminuria (MA) is a known marker for endothelial dysfunction and future cardiovascular events. Exercise-induced albuminuria (EiA) may precede the appearance of MA. Associations between EiA and metabolic syndrome (MS) have not been assessed so far. Our aim was to investigate this association in a large sample of apparently healthy individuals with no baseline albuminuria. This was a cross-sectional study of 2,027 adults with no overt cardiovascular diseases who took part in a health survey program and had no baseline MA. Diagnosis of MS was based on harmonized criteria. All patients underwent an exercise test (Bruce protocol), and urinary albumin was measured before and after the examination. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) values before and after exercise were 0.40 (0.21–0.89) and 1.06 (0.43–2.69) mg/g for median (interquartile range) respectively. A total of 394 (20%) subjects had EiA; ACR rose from normal rest values (0.79 mg/g) to 52.28 mg/g after exercise ( P < 0.001); this effect was not shown for the rest of the study population. EiA was related to higher prevalence of MS (13.8% vs. 27.1%, P < 0.001), higher metabolic equivalents ( P < 0.001), higher baseline blood pressure ( P < 0.001), and higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and body mass index ( P < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression model showed that subjects with MS were 98% more likely to have EiA (95% confidence interval: 1.13–3.46, P = 0.016). In conclusion, EiA in the absence of baseline MA is independently related to MS.

The Presentations of Convergence Insufficiency among Young Adults (18-25 Years)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Jacqueline E. Obioma-Elemba ◽  
Nnenne U. Onu ◽  
Okechi U. Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
State University ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Study Population

Convergence Insufficiency is a major binocular vision dysfunction commonly found among the youth. The prevalence of convergence insufficiency has been studied extensively; however there are limited data available on the prevalence of the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among young adults. Convergence insufficiency is associated with symptoms such as fatigue, blurred vision at near, intermittent diplopia at near, “eye strain,” tension in and around the eyes, and the sensation of the print moving while reading. However, convergence insufficiency may present with or without symptoms. The exact prevalence of convergence insufficiency is not known. This study assessed the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among the young adults (aged 18 – 25 years) within the Imo State University community, Owerri, Nigeria, using a cross-sectional study design. Through purposive sampling, a sample size of 162 participants was used for this study after screening and pre-assessment. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), the near point of convergence test, the Von Graefe phoria tests (at far and at near) and the positive fusional vergence tests were administered to all of the study participants. Convergence insufficiency among the young adults of Imo State University presented with symptoms (without clinical signs, 14.2%; with clinical signs, 16.6%) and without symptoms convergence insufficiency (27.8%). The study revealed that convergence insufficiency with symptoms was the more prevalent presentation of convergence insufficiency within the study population. A high percentage of young adults within the study population tested positive for convergence insufficiency, presenting with symptoms (with or without clinical signs) or without symptoms. Key words: Binocular vision, convergence insufficiency, young adult, symptoms, diplopia, phoria.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression among hypertensive individuals in urban Trivandrum: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2156
Author(s):  
Prathibha M. T. ◽  
Sara Varghese ◽  
Gokul Dev V. ◽  
Jincy J.
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Population

Background: People with chronic diseases are more likely to have depression than those without any physical illness. Lack of adherence to treatment, poor compliance to life style modification therapy and lost to follow up are major concerns raised in the management of hypertension among subjects with co-morbid depression. Hence it is very important to explore the epidemiology of depression among hypertensives. Methods: The study was conducted in Medical College health unit area of urban Trivandrum as a cross sectional survey among adults >18 years who were diagnosed to have hypertension. The subjects were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire to collect the socio-demographic variables and the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) to capture depression. Data from a sample of 432 hypertensive individuals collected were analyzed and Chi square, t test, was done to find the associated factors. Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 62.47 years. Among the study subjects the blood pressure was under control among only 33.8% of the study population. The prevalence of depression was found to be 33.3% (144) with 95% C.I (27.98-39.14). Gender, Socio economic status, marital status, low educational status, regular physical activity, duration of hypertension, uncontrolled BP, were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among hypertensive individuals is high in this study population. Adequate control of BP along with awareness among primary care physicians in identifying those with hypertension and co-morbid depression is essential. 

scholarly journals C1q/TNF-Related Protein5 (CTRP5) as a Biomarker to Predict Metabolic Syndrome and Each of Its Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyu Jiang ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Xili Zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Gangyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. C1q/TNF-related protein5 (CTRP5) is a member of the C1q/tumor necrosis factor α- (TNF-α-) related protein family and has been reported to be associated with the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the clinical association between CTRP5 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been reported. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between CTRP5 and MetS by a cross-sectional study. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in a Chinese population including 89 controls and 88 MetS individuals. Serum CTRP5 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The relationship between circulating CTRP5 and MetS and insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by Spearman’s correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results. Circulating CTRP5 concentrations were markedly decreased in MetS individuals relative to normal adults. Overweight/obese individuals (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) showed a lower serum CTRP5 level than lean subjects (BMI < 25 kg/m2) in the study population (124.1 (99.12–147.37) vs. 103.9 (79.15–124.25) μg/L; P<0.01). Circulating CTRP5 was found to be correlated negatively with BMI, FAT%, FBG, WHR, SBP, HbA1c, TG, 2-hour blood glucose after glucose overload (2-hOGTT), FIns, and HOMA-IR and positively with HDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that serum CTRP5 levels were associated with MetS. In addition, serum CTRP5 levels gradually decreased with the increase in MetS components. Conclusions. Circulating CTRP5 is relative to the elevated risk of MetS in humans and may be in part through the effect of insulin resistance. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OCS-13003185.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Their Associated Factors in College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Ramón-Arbués ◽  
Vicente Gea-Caballero ◽  
José Manuel Granada-López ◽  
Raúl Juárez-Vela ◽  
Begoña Pellicer-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Use Behavior

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and associated factors in a population of college students. Method: Cross-sectional study of psychological distress measured through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of 1074 college students. Results: We found a moderate prevalence of depression (18.4%), anxiety (23.6%) and stress (34.5%) symptoms in our study population. Being <21, having problematic Internet use behavior, smoking, presenting insomnia and having a low self-esteem were independently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Being a woman, living with their family, having a stable partner, consuming alcohol frequently and having poor nutritional habits were significantly associated with symptoms of stress; lacking a stable partner was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; and frequent consumption of alcohol was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. Conclusion: We found a moderate prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in our population. Interventions aimed at promoting mental health among college students should be implemented.

scholarly journals Are lower levels of physical activity and self-rated fitness associated with higher levels of psychological distress in Croatian young adults? A cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Goran Sporiš ◽  
Tomislav Krističević
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Psychological Distress ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
The City

Background Although previous evidence has shown that physical activity and physical fitness lower the level of psychological distress, little is known of simultaneous associations between of physical activity and physical fitness and with psychological distress, especially in young adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to explore both separate and simultaneous association between physical activity and physical fitness with psychological distress. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional study were 2,100 university students (1,041 men and 1,059 women) chosen from eight faculties in the city of Zagreb. Physical activity, physical fitness and psychological distress were assessed using structured questionnaires. The associations were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results After adjusting for gender, body-mass index, self-rated health, material status, binge drinking, chronic disease/s and sleep quality, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.92–3.52]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.94; 95% CI [1.25–3.01] and tertile 1; OR = 2.59; 95% CI [1.65–4.08]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress. When physical activity and physical fitness were entered simultaneously into the model, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.35; 95% CI [1.72–3.21]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.24–2.77] and tertile 1; OR = 2.00; 95% CI [1.26–3.20]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress. Conclusion Our study shows that both “insufficient” physical activity and “lower” levels of physical fitness are associated with “high” psychological distress, even after adjusting for numerous covariates. Therefore, special policies aiming to increase the levels of physical activity and fitness are warranted.

scholarly journals Factors and Prevalence of Depression in Students at Iran’s Urmia University of Medical Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Khalkhali ◽  
Rasool Gharaaghaji ◽  
Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh ◽  
Rohollah Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Study Population

Background: Depression is characterized by decreased tendency to work, reduced pleasure from work, increased or decreased weight, increased or decreased appetite, insomnia or narcolepsy, irritability, fatigue, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of guilt, reduced ability to concentrate and think, and thoughts of suicide or actual suicide attempts. In this 2016 study, we examined the factors and prevalence of depression in students at Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Urmia, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students. Data were collected through the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II): a 21- item standard questionnaire in multiple-choice format to evaluate depression. The questionnaires were distributed randomly by trained students over a period of 5 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 software and by descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, logistic regression models, and the chi-squared test. Results: The mean BDI score was 14.67 ± 11.30. Of the study population, 278 (69.8%) were men and 120 (30.2%) were women. In terms of depression, 40.2% of the students were in the normal range and had no depression, 23.6% were slightly depressed, and 18.3% were partially depressed. Also, 6.03% of students had severe depression, and 3.51% of students had very severe depression. No statistically signi cant relationship was observed between depression and sex (P = 0.11). However, signi cant relationships were observed between depression and education level (P = 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.001), and age (P = 0.023). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically signi cant. Conclusion: The prevalence of different degrees of depression in the plurality of students at Urmia University of Medical Sciences necessitates the development and institution of psychological training classes.

scholarly journals The Role of Physical Fitness in the Relationship between Nut Consumption and Body Composition in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Miriam Garrido-Miguel ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega ◽  
Luis Enrique Hernández-Castillejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study was to estimate the association between nut consumption and body composition-related measures and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the muscle strength index (MSI) in young adults. A cross-sectional study involving college students (n = 354) aged 18–30 years from a Spanish public university was conducted. Body composition and fitness components were assessed using standard methods. Nut consumption was evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. ANCOVA models were used to assess the mean differences in physical fitness and body composition by nut consumption categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was applied for mediation and interaction analyses adjusted for the main confounders. Young adults with high nut consumption (≥5 portions of 30 g/week) showed significantly higher values of physical fitness components and fat-free mass and lower values of adiposity-related measures than their peers in the lowest categories of nut consumption (˂1 portion/week) (p < 0.05). No significant interaction between CRF and nut consumption on body composition was found. In the mediation analysis, CRF and MSI acted as full mediators of the relationship of nut consumption with fat-free mass and waist circumference/height index. Otherwise, CRF and MSI partially mediated the relationship between nut consumption and body mass index and percent of fat mass. Finally, nut consumption, per se, does not appear to have a significant impact on body composition indicators because these associations have been shown to be partially (for BMI and %BF) or entirely (for ratio WC/height and fat-free mass) explained by CRF and MSI.

scholarly journals Physical fitness and body fatness are associated with mental health in Korean young adults: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsuk Oh ◽  
Dong-Woo Kang ◽  
Dong-Il Kim ◽  
Junga Lee ◽  
Seok Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Males And Females

Background: It has been recognized that body fatness and mental disorders have association, however very limited evidence have proved that physical fitness and mental health have association. Relationship between physical fitness and mental health in young adults has not been fully proved. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between physical fitness, body fatness, and mental health in young adults.Methods: A total of 149 (97 males and 52 females) college students were included. Physical fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, 1 mile run/walk), and body mass index (BMI) was measured, and psychological questionnaires including life satisfaction, self-efficacy, the beck depression inventory (BDI), and adult self report (ASR) were administered. The levels of physical fitness and BMI were classified into tertile groups and were analyzed.Results: Female participants with the highest tertile of BMI had highest ASR score (p<0.05). Participants with highest level of physical fitness showed higher level of self-efficacy in both males and females (p<0.05). In both male and female, physical fitness was a significant predictor for self-efficacy (Male: β=0.35, p<0.05, Female: β =0.31, p<0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, physical fitness and body fatness were associated with mental health. Especially, physical fitness, independent of BMI, was proved as significant indicator for mental health in young adults.

Amblyopia and strabismus: trends in prevalence and risk factors among young adults in Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinon Shapira ◽  
Yossy Machluf ◽  
Michael Mimouni ◽  
Yoram Chaiter ◽  
Eedy Mezer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Trends Over Time

AimsTo estimate the prevalence of amblyopia, present strabismus and amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) among young adults in Israel and to analyse trends over time of prevalence rates.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including 107 608 pre-enlistees aged 17.4±0.6 years born between 1971 and 1994. Across the birth years, the following trends of prevalence rates among young adults were analysed: prevalence of amblyopia, prevalence of strabismus, severity of amblyopia and prevalence of ARFs (strabismsus, anisometropia and isoametropia). Unilateral amblyopia was defined as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <0.67 (6/9) in either eye or as an interocular difference of two lines or more. Bilateral amblyopia was defined as BCVA of <0.67 (6/9) in both eyes. The severity of amblyopia was classified as mild (BCVA ≥0.5 [6/12]), moderate (BCVA <0.5 [6/12] and ≥0.25 [6/24]) or severe (BCVA <0.25 [6/24]).ResultsThe prevalence of young adulthood amblyopia declined by 33%, from 1.2% to 0.8% (R2=0.87, p<0.001) across 24 birth years. This decline may be due to a drop in unilateral amblyopia from 1% to 0.6% (R2=0.93, p<0.001), while the prevalence of bilateral amblyopia remained stable (0.2%, p=0.12). The decline in amblyopia was apparent in mild and moderate amblyopia, but not in severe amblyopia. Strabismus and anisometropia were detected in 6–12% and 11–20% of subjects with unilateral amblyopia, respectively, without significant trends. Strabismic amblyopia remained constant in the entire population across years. Isoametropia was detected in 46–59% of subjects with bilateral amblyopia without a significant trend across birth years. Prevalence of strabismus in the study population decreased by 50%, from 1.2% to 0.6% (R2=0.75, p<0.001). In subjects with present strabismus, the prevalence of mild unilateral amblyopia increased, while moderate or severe unilateral amblyopia remained relatively stable.ConclusionAmong young adults, the prevalence of unilateral amblyopia, as well as the prevalence of present strabismus, decreased significantly over a period of a generation. The prevalence of strabismic, bilateral or severe (both unilateral and bilateral) amblyopia remained stable. The establishment of the national screening programme for children and the improved utility of treatment for amblyopia and strabismus coincide with these trends. Thus, it is possible that these early interventions resulted in modification of the ‘natural history’ of these conditions and their prevalence in adolescence.

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