scholarly journals Clostridium butyricum relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection with chronic stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11585
Author(s):  
Tengfei Wang ◽  
Lixiang Li ◽  
Shiyang Li ◽  
Hongyu Zhao ◽  
Junyan Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium

Background Visceral hypersensitivity is a common symptom in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and change of the microbiota is a vital etiological factor of it. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is one of the probiotics which is reported as the active components in the treatment of IBS, especially IBS with diarrhea. Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) is an enteropathogenic bacteria which can produce self-limiting colitis in mice, which have been used to produce a PI-IBS-like mice model. Whether C. butyricum could influence the visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota of PI-IBS is still unknown. Our study aimed to examine whether the intervention of C. butyricum or antibiotics could affect the etiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with the C. rodentium to induce a infective colitis. The C. butyricum and antibiotic compound were used to intervene the infected mice 3 days later. A 9-day chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) process was implemented to help induce the visceral hypersensitivity. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was assayed to indicate the visceral hypersensitivity of different groups. On the 7th, 14th, and 30th days after infection, mice feces were collected and high-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze their gut microbiota. Results Combined, the C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress (WAS) could induce the visceral hypersensitivity in mice. Treatment of the C. butyricum after C. rodentium infection could relieve visceral hypersensitivity of mice, while no difference was observed in the antibiotic treatment group. The gut microbiota diversity of C. rodentium infected mice was similar to the uninfected mice, while there were different microbial communities structure between them. The Shannon and Chao indexes significantly decreased in the antibiotic treatment group compared to other groups at 7th, 14th, and 30th days post-infection, while treatment of C. butyricum could maintain the indexes within normal range. At day 14 after infection, the structure of microbiota headed towards normality after the C. butyricum treatment. After the WAS, the Shannon and Chao indexes of the control group decreased and the structure of microbiota changed. The C. butyricum treatment could prevent these changes of the gut microbiota induced by WAS. Conclusion C. butyricum could relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress. It could also remodel the microbiota change caused by the infection and chronic stress. It may be a more effective treatment strategy for PI-IBS than antibiotics.

scholarly journals One-Week Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota of Late Neonates With Pneumonia or Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Han ◽  
Qiaoru Zhang ◽  
Yijun Ding ◽  
Ping Chu ◽  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: The neonatal period is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbial community. Antibiotics can change the composition of gut microbiota.Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 14 patients with pneumonia and 14 patients with meningitis before and after antibiotic treatment, and fecal samples from five healthy neonates at the 14th and 21st days after birth were collected as well. DNA of fecal samples was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed targeting the V3–V4 variable region of 16S rDNA. After detection by high-throughput sequencing, OTU (operational taxonomic unit) clustering, species annotation, and α diversity analysis were calculated and analyzed statistically.Results: In the healthy control group, the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly from 16.75 to 40.42%, becoming the most dominant bacteria. The results of α diversity analysis suggested that the Sobs indexes of the gut microbiota in the pneumonia and meningitis groups were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (p < 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that the gut microbiota of pneumonia and meningitis groups clustered distinctly with the control group (Adonis p = 0.001, R2 = 0.565), and there was no significant change in the diversity of gut microbiota before and after the use of antibiotics.Conclusions: The gut microbiota of neonates with infectious diseases were mainly related to the disease conditions. The initial state of neonatal gut microbiome determines its state after 1-week antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic application with 7 days had little effect on the community richness and some effect on the composition of gut microbiota of neonates with pneumonia or meningitis.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Apigenin on Tumor Carcinogenesis by Altering the Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shichang Bian ◽  
Hongjuan Wan ◽  
Xinyan Liao ◽  
Weisheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects

The flavonoid apigenin is common to many plants. Although the responsible mechanisms have yet to be elucidated, apigenin demonstrates tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. This study uses an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate- (DSS-) induced colon cancer mouse model to investigate apigenin’s potential mechanism of action exerted through its effects upon gut microbiota. The size and quantity of tumors were reduced significantly in the apigenin treatment group. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of fecal samples, the composition of gut microbiota was significantly affected by apigenin. Further experiments in which gut microbiota were reduced and feces were transplanted provided further evidence of apigenin-modulated gut microbiota exerting antitumor effects. Apigenin was unable to reduce the number or size of tumors when gut microbiota were depleted. Moreover, tumor inhibition effects were initiated following the transplant of feces from mice treated with apigenin. Our findings suggest that the effect of apigenin on the composition of gut microbiota can suppress tumors.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals the Incomplete, Short-Term Recovery of Infant Gut Microbiota following Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment with Ampicillin and Gentamicin

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5811-5820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Fouhy ◽  
Caitriona M. Guinane ◽  
Seamus Hussey ◽  
Rebecca Wall ◽  
C. Anthony Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

ABSTRACTThe infant gut microbiota undergoes dramatic changes during the first 2 years of life. The acquisition and development of this population can be influenced by numerous factors, and antibiotic treatment has been suggested as one of the most significant. Despite this, however, there have been relatively few studies which have investigated the short-term recovery of the infant gut microbiota following antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing (employing both 16S rRNA andrpoB-specific primers) and quantitative PCR to compare the gut microbiota of nine infants who underwent parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin (within 48 h of birth), 4 and 8 weeks after the conclusion of treatment, relative to that of nine matched healthy controls. The investigation revealed that the gut microbiota of the antibiotic-treated infants had significantly higher proportions ofProteobacteria(P= 0.0049) and significantly lower proportions ofActinobacteria(P= 0.00001) (and the associated genusBifidobacterium[P= 0.0132]) as well as the genusLactobacillus(P= 0.0182) than the untreated controls 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment. By week 8, theProteobacterialevels remained significantly higher in the treated infants (P= 0.0049), but theActinobacteria,Bifidobacterium, andLactobacilluslevels had recovered and were similar to those in the control samples. Despite this recovery of totalBifidobacteriumnumbers,rpoB-targeted pyrosequencing revealed that the number of differentBifidobacteriumspecies present in the antibiotic-treated infants was reduced. It is thus apparent that the combined use of ampicillin and gentamicin in early life can have significant effects on the evolution of the infant gut microbiota, the long-term health implications of which remain unknown.

scholarly journals Response and Dynamic Change of Microbial Community during Bioremediation of Uranium Tailings by Bacillus sp.

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Chuiyun Tang ◽  
Juan Zhong ◽  
Ying Lv ◽  
Xingyu Liu ◽  
Yongbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Uranium Tailings

Bacillus sp. is widely used in the remediation of uranium-contaminated sites. However, little is known about the competitive process of microbial community in the environment during bioremediation. The bioremediation of uranium tailings using Bacillus sp. was explored, and the bacterial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing at different stages of remediation. Bacillus sp. reduced the leaching of uranium from uranium tailings. The lowest uranium concentration was 17.25 μg/L. Alpha diversity revealed that the abundance and diversity of microorganisms increased with the extension of the culture time. The microbial abundance and diversity were higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The dominant species at the phyla level were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the uranium tailings environment, whereas the phylum of Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the treatment group. Based on the genus level, the proportions of Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus and Paenarthrobacter decreased significantly, whereas those of Clostridium sp., Bacillus and Pseudomonas increased dramatically. Hence, the remediation of uranium contamination in the environment was due to the functional microorganisms, which gradually became the dominant strain in the treatment, such as Desulfotomaculum, Desulfosporporosinus, Anaerocolumna, Ruminiclostridium and Burkholderia. These findings provided a promising outlook of the potential for remediation strategies of soil contaminated by uranium. The dynamic characteristics of the microbial community are likely to provide a foundation for the bioremediation process in practice.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Disturbance in Rat Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Induced by Maternal Separation and Multiple Early-life Adversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enqi Wu ◽  
Song Jingzhu ◽  
Pei Lingpeng ◽  
Ling Yaqin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: The aims of this study was to identify the effect of modeling procedures on bacterial communities and investigate whether different modeling procedures lead to consistent patterns of gut microbiota compositions. Methods: Two IBS rat models (MS alone and multiple-early-adversity modeling) were established and the gut microbiotas were analyzed using 16S-rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing methods. Results: Rats from both models exhibited visceral hypersensitivity and the two model groups exhibited differences in the extent of visceral sensitivity and fecal water content. The microbial community structure of the two models exhibited significant differences compared to the controls, while the two model groups also exhibited significant differences between them. Furthermore, microbial community functional predictions suggested that the two models exhibited different abundances of metabolisms and pathways. Several common and distinct characteristic differences were also observed between the two model groups. Alloprevotella were more abundant in both model groups, while Butyricicoccus, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto along with the family it belongs to were less abundant relative to controls. In addition, the abundance of Clostridium_IV, Corynebacterium, Rothia, Elusimicrobium, Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Parasutterella and their related taxa were specifically associated with MS group, whereas Butyricimonas and Vampirovibrio along with its related taxa were specifically associated with MAM group. Among those, Butyricimonas, Butyricicoccus and Corynebacterium were found partially mediates early adversity exposure-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Conclusions: our results highlight the importance in evaluating gut microbiota characteristics in IBS research while also systematically considering potential modeling procedural differences. The microbial compositional/functional differences identified in this study were suggestive to further investigation of mechanism of early adversity induced IBS.

Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray on clinical signs and quality of life of patients with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cingi ◽  
M Songu ◽  
A Ural ◽  
N Erdogmus ◽  
M Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray, used in conjunction with antibiotic treatment, on the intensity of clinical signs and quality of life of patients with group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.Methods:Patients (n = 147) with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis were recruited and randomly allocated to either the treatment group (penicillin plus chlorhexidine and benzydamine; n = 72) or control group (penicillin plus placebo; n = 75). Blinded assessments were conducted before and after 10 days' treatment, using an intensity rating scale for clinical sign severity, a visual analogue scale for subjective health state, the Short Form 36 Health Questionnaire for quality of life, and a customised questionnaire for side effects.Results:The treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the intensity of clinical signs, compared with the control group. On treatment day 7, there was no significant difference in quality of life between the treatment and control groups. The treatment drugs were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion:Chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray, added to standard antibiotic treatment, significantly alleviate the intensity of clinical signs in patients with streptococcal pharyngitis. Further research is needed using larger sample sizes or alternative control groups.

scholarly journals Probiotics Supplementation Alleviate Corticosterone-induced Fatty Liver Disease Related With the Changes of Hepatic Lipogenesis and Gut Microbiota Profile in Broiler

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Mei ◽  
Yuyan Feng ◽  
Zhihao Yao ◽  
Haonan Luo ◽  
Yingdong Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Probiotic Group ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract Background:Emerging evidencesindicate a close relationship between gut microbiotaand fatty liver disease.It has been suggested that gut microbiota modulation with probiotics improved fatty liver disease in rodents and human, yet it still remains unclear in poultry.Results: Ninety six one-day-old green-legged chicken were divided into control group (CON) and probiotic group (PB), respectively. Probiotics were administrated throughdrinking water for two weeks from 1-day-old. At 28 d of age,16 broilers selectedfromCON or PB group randomly, and receivedvehicle(15% ethanol) or CORT(4.0 mg/kg)treatmentdaily viasubcutaneous injection for a week to induce fatty liver. At the end of the experiment, broilers from 4 groups,control group(CON), corticosterone group (CORT), probiotic group (PB), PB plusCORT group(CORT&PB),were slaughtered for sampling and analysis.The results showed that probiotics administration significantly prevented CORT-induced body weight loss(P<0.05), but did not alleviate the reduction of immune organs weight caused by CORT. Compared to CON,broilers in CORT group exhibited a significant increase of triglyceride (TG) levelin both plasma and liver(P< 0.01), as well as severe hepatocytic steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning, and accompanied with the up-regulation of hepatic lipogenesis genes expression. However, probiotics supplementation markedly decreased the intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis histological score, which was associated withthedown-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA (P< 0.05)as well as it protein (P= 0.06) expression.Cecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that CORT treatment induced distinct gut microbiota alterations with a decrease of microbial diversity, and anincrease of proteobacteriaabundance (P<0.05). On the contrary, probiotic supplementation increased the beta diversity and increased community richness and diversity index(P> 0.05), as well as the abundance of Intestinimonas(P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that CORT treatment induced serious fatty liver disease and altered the gut microbiota composition in broilers, however,probiotics supplementation from post-hatching had a beneficial effect on alleviatingfatty liver disease through regulating lipogenic genes expression and increasing gut microbiota diversity andbeneficial bacteria abundanceimbalance.

scholarly journals Sanhuang Decoction Controls Tumor Microenvironment by Ameliorating Chronic Stress in Breast Cancer: A Report of Ninety Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Feng ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhu ◽  
Bowen Yao ◽  
Yongfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Endocrine Treatment ◽  
Control Group

Long-term endocrine treatment which results in estrogen deprivation causes chronic stress associated with a series of uncomfortable symptoms leading not only to a decrease in quality of life but also to cancer recurrence, which may be mediated primarily through the enhanced expression of angiogenic factors, as well as a series of inflammatory microenvironmental changes that favor tumor progression. In this study, we designed a clinical trial and aimed to explore the effects of Sanhuang Decoction (SHD) treatment on chronic stress, inflammatory factors, and breast cancer recovery. A total of 90 patients with breast cancer who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the standard endocrine treatment and the traditional Chinese medicine decoction known as SHD. The control group received the standard endocrine treatment only. The treatment period was 6 months. The modified Kupperman Menopausal Index, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the self-rating depression scale were evaluated once per month. The body microenvironment plasma indices related to chronic stress, such as oxidative and antioxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors, hemorheology, coagulation, lipid and D-dimer, immunologic functions, tumor biomarkers, and angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured before and after 6 months of treatment. After treatment for 5 months, the scores in the treatment group decreased to nearly normal levels and the control group showed no significant improvement. After treatment for 6 months, all indices related to the body microenvironment, as well as the tumor biomarkers and carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 153, and angiogenic factor VEGF levels improved significantly to normal levels in the treatment group. Our primary research showed that treatment with SHD effectively improved the quality of life of breast cancer patients by facilitating a change in the body microenvironment that controlled tumor growth and prevented drug resistance.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR-IIR-2000041413. Date of registration: 2017-06-07 (retrospective registration).

scholarly journals Evaluation on the characteristics of gut microbiome in polycystic ovary syndrome rats induced by dihydrotestosterone or letrozole

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yanhua ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Hongxia Ma ◽  
Chengjie Liang ◽  
Tong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: Etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. Recent reports indicated that gut microbiota regulates metabolism and plays a major role in the development of PCOS.Methods: We used dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or letrozole (LET) to induce PCOS model rat. At the end of the experiment, ovarian morphology, hormonal and metabolic status were investigated in all rats. The molecular ecology of the fecal gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Result: Rats induced by letrozole exhibited endocrine and reproductive characteristics, such as hyperandrogenism, abnormal oestrus cycles or complete acyclic, polycystic ovaries, and obesity. DHT-induced rats were showed obesity, irregular oestrus cycles, polycystic ovaries, lower level of HDL-C and lower activity of SOD than controls. Our study found that DHT can reduce the microbial richness in rats. PCoA plots confirmed that DHT group was statistically significantly separated from C group and LET group. LEfSe analysis showed that the family of Bacteroidales_S24_7_group, and genus Peptococcus and Turicibacter may play vital roles in the health and function of control group. Genus of Bifidobacteriales and Vibro may play roles in the letrozole induced PCOS rats. And genus of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Ruminiclostridium, Treponema_2, Anaerotruncus, Acetatifactor and Anaeroplasma may play vital roles in the intestine of DHT induced PCOS rats.Conclusion: DHT affected the composition and diversity of gut microbial community, and leads to the gut dysbiosis. Letrozole may benefit to the gut microbiome in some aspects, but it also may have a trend of inhibiting the expression of some anti-inflammatory genera in intestinal tract.

scholarly journals Changes in the gut microbiota diversity of brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) after an antibiotic bath

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tong ◽  
Li-Yong Cui ◽  
Jia Bie ◽  
Xiao-Yun Han ◽  
Zong-Fu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Collateral Effect

Abstract Background Captive amphibians frequently receive antibiotic baths to control bacterial diseases. The potential collateral effect of these antibiotics on the microbiota of frogs is largely unknown. To date, studies have mainly relied on oral administration to examine the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota; in contrast, little is known regarding the effects of bath-applied antibiotics on the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota compositions of the gentamicin, recovery, and control groups were compared by Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and the functional profiles were analysed using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Furthermore, the relationship between the structure and predicted functional composition of the gut microbiota was determined. Results The alpha diversity indices were significantly reduced by the gentamicin bath, illustrating that this treatment significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota. After 7 days, the gut microbiota of the recovery group was not significantly different from that of the gentamicin group. Forty-four indicator taxa were selected at the genus level, comprising 42 indicators representing the control group and 2 indicators representing the gentamicin and recovery groups. Potential pathogenic bacteria of the genera Aeromonas, Citrobacter, and Chryseobacterium were significantly depleted after the gentamicin bath. There was no significant positive association between the community composition and functional composition of the gut microbiota in the gentamicin or control frogs, indicating that the functional redundancy of the gut bacterial community was high. Conclusions Gentamicin significantly changed the structure of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii, and the gut microbiota exhibited weak resilience. However, the gentamicin bath did not change the functional composition of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii, and there was no significant correlation between the structural composition and the functional composition of the gut microbiota.

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