Chitin from Portunus pelagicus (Crab) Shells as a Potential Adsorbent for Common Water Contaminants

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
RANEL C. LARINO ◽  
MA. CECILIA B. BOOC ◽  
APHRYL DANRIL B. DEMCO ◽  
ALMA VIDA C. GODA
Keyword(s):  
Marine Biology ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Water Contaminant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
Synthetic Adsorbents

Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells are considered a delicacy by many throughoutAsia. In most instances, the specie is highly prized as the meat is sweet. This studywas conducted to investigate the common water-contaminant adsorption capacityof chitin from Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells under different concentrations and compare its adsorption capacity with that of standard adsorbents.Demineralization was done to the shells using a standard HCl solution for 24hours to remove all existing minerals. The demineralization and deproteinationprocesses were based on the methods of Takiguchi (1991). Demineralizedand deproteinized crab-shell was subjected to qualitative tests to confirm thepresence of chitin using the methods of Richards and Campbell. The percentageadsorption activities were determined by comparing the concentration of thecontaminants before and after chitin were added to the solution. It was observedthat adsorption activity increases as concentration of chitin increases. Thus, itis more effective in higher concentrations. The results revealed that chitin fromPortunus pelagicus offer adsorption sites for the common water contaminantssince it is composed of chitin fibrils, arranged with units of amino groups andoxygen that makes it ideal for adsorbing different materials; hence, it can be anefficient substitute for synthetic adsorbents for common water contaminants forit does not pose any danger to human health.Keywords: Marine biology, portunus pelagicus, turbidity, demineralized, deproteinized,chitin, absorption, pH, mercury, lead, experimental design, Philippines

Errors in Force Generation and Changes in Controlling Patterns Following Agonist Muscle Fatigue

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ming Huang ◽  
Ya-Ju Chang ◽  
Miao-Ju Hsu ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen ◽  
Chia-Ying Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
Common Drive ◽  
The Common ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Related Increase

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether agonist muscle fatigue changed the coactivation time and the co-contraction magnitude of the agonist and antagonist muscle, and if the agonist muscle fatigue produced bias (constant error: CE) and inconsistency (variable error: VE) of the force. Subjects are 10 healthy people and one person with impaired proprioception. EMG and force for fast (0.19 ± 0.06 s) and slow (1.20 ± 0.44 s) targeted isometric dorsiflexions were recorded before and after fatigue of the dorsiflexors. The results revealed that the coactivation time increased after fatigue only in the slow contractions but the co-contraction magnitude did not change. The postfatigue increment of the CE was greater in the fast contractions than in the slow ones. We conclude that the postfatigue compensatory strategy can reduce the fatigue-induced bias. The change of muscles activation level after fatigue might be under the influence of the common drive. Impaired proprioception is a possible cause of the fatigue-related increase in bias and inconsistency.

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of a Communication Strategy to Control Ragweed Pollen

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Celine Plante ◽  
Audrey Smargiassi ◽  
Francine Hubert ◽  
Sophie Goudreau
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Ragweed Pollen ◽  
Communication Intervention ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Common

The common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em>) is widespread in southwestern areas of Quebec, Canada. It is known to release large quantities of pollen from July through September, triggering allergic reactions such as rhinitis and generating significant costs for public health. The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate a communication intervention aimed at decreasing ragweed pollen. Selected lands with potential ragweed presence were visited twice, before and after the intervention, on three seasons in the East of the Montreal Island, Quebec. At the first visit done in 2010, 2011, and 2012, ragweed plots were located and measured; at the second visit in 2012, the measures were redone. Various numbers of communications were sent to owners of ragweed-infested lands that included explanations of health impacts of ragweed pollen and the importance of mowing. Mixed logistic regressions were used to test the effect of the number of communications on the mow. In the group that received four notices, a statistically significant three-fold increase in the proportion of land owners that had cut ragweed plots (OR = 3.20; 95 %CI: 1.16-8.84) was noted, compared to the group that received only one notice. For owners of vacant lands, the effect was somewhat more pronounced (OR = 3.82; 95%CI: 1.23-11.67). Nonetheless, the change from one to three communications showed no increase of mowing. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that communications and reminders of the importance of ragweed cut to landowners could be an effective measure to limit ragweed pollen.

scholarly journals Patient and Therapist In-Session Cortisol as Predictor of Post-Session Patient Reported Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Eyal Levi ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Hadar Fisher ◽  
Roee Admon ◽  
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The importance of the role of affect in psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) is well established, but the common use of self-reported measures may limit our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A promising predictor of patient affect is the stress hormone cortisol. To date, no studies have studied in-session changes in cortisol in psychotherapy for MDD. We investigated whether an increase in patient cortisol over the course of a session correlated with higher negative and lower positive affect. Given previous findings on healthy individuals on the contagious nature of stress, an additional aim was to examine whether these relationships are moderated by therapist cortisol. To this end, 40 dyads (including 6 therapists) provided saliva samples before and after four pre-specified sessions (616 samples). After each session, the patients provided retrospective reports of in-session affect. We found no association between patient cortisol and affect. However, increases in patient cortisol predicted negative affect when the therapists exhibited decreases in cortisol, and increases in patient cortisol predicted positive affect when the therapists showed increases. Our study provides initial evidence for the importance of the social context in the cortisol–affect relationship in MDD.

scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

scholarly journals Identyfikacja sposobów implementacji II filaru WPR w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pawłowski ◽  
Wawrzyniec Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The 2nd pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy plays a very significant role in shaping the image of a modern, European village. It’s impact on the development of agriculture and rural areas seems to be obvious, for example because of the place it occupies in the structure of the European Union budget. However, it’s very important to precisely determine the effects of its implementation. Therefore, in this article the main goal was to show the reasons for diversifying the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2007–2013 in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Against the background of differences in the economic and production situation of the agricultural sector, the design of the Programs was evaluated and it’s impact on changes in the agricultural sectors of these countries was compared. To show the impact of the funds of the second pillar of the CAP, the time range presenting changes in agriculture covers the years before and after integration. Based on them, a comparison of the implemented activities and the structure of their financing has been made.

scholarly journals Behaviour and Skin Injuries of Piglets Originating from a Novel Group Farrowing System Before and After Weaning

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilith Schrey ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Michaela Fels
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Skin Injuries ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

The aim of this study was to analyse a novel group farrowing system (GH) concerning piglets’ behaviour, skin injuries and body weight gain, to test its animal friendliness. Skin injuries and weight gain were compared to piglets originating from conventional individual housing (IH) before and after weaning. The GH system had five farrowing pens without crates, a common area and an area only available for piglets. In total, 34 litters were studied. Four days after the GH-piglets had left the pens during lactation, the lesion score of piglets in GH was higher than in IH. However, piglets from the GH sustained fewer injuries after mixing at weaning, compared to the piglets from IH and had higher daily weight gains, during the early nursery phase. The common area in GH was intensively used for active behaviour, since standing/walking and playing were observed there, most frequently, whereas lying occurred most frequently inside the pens. Immediately after the piglets had left the pens in the GH, the piglets preferred proximity to the sow, compared to the pens where they were born. The GH system enabled social enrichment, offered increased space for activity and led to fewer skin lesions, after weaning; thus, potentially increasing animal welfare.

scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Tenography of Normal Equine Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath: An Ex Vivo Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lacitignola ◽  
Pasquale De Luca ◽  
Alessandro Guarracino ◽  
Antonio Crovace
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flexor Tendon Sheath ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Aim of this study was to document the normal computed tomographic tenography findings of digital flexor tendon sheath. Six ex vivo normal equine forelimbs were used. An axial approach was used to inject 185 mg/mL of iopamidol in a total volume of 60 mL into the digital flexor tendon sheaths. Single-slice helical scans, with 5 mm thickness, spaced every 3 mm, for a pitch of 0.6, and with bone algorithm reconstruction, were performed before and after injections of contrast medium. To obtain better image quality for multiplanar reconstruction and 3D reformatting, postprocessing retroreconstruction was performed to reduce the images to submillimetre thickness. Computed tomographic tenography of digital flexor tendon sheaths could visualize the following main tendon structures for every forelimb in contrast-enhanced images as low densities surrounded by high densities: superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, manica flexoria, mesotendons, and synovial recess. Results of this study suggest that computed tomographic tenography can be used with accuracy and sensitivity to evaluate the common disorders of the equine digital flexor tendon sheath and the intrathecal structures.

Treatment For Common Running/Walking Foot Injuries

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Larry W. McDaniel ◽  
Calin Haar ◽  
Matt Ihlers ◽  
Allen Jackson ◽  
Laura Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Foot Injuries ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Turf Toe ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inside Out

Whether you are a weekend warrior or a serious athlete, most runners fear the possibility of being injured.  For those who are physically active or stand on their feet all day, healthy feet are important Highly conditioned runners spend many hours performing foot maintenance to prevent unnecessary injuries.  Some of the common foot injuries are: Plantar Fasciitis, Metatarsal Stress Fractures, blisters, Metatarsalgia, Morton’s Syndrome, Turf Toe, and Sesamoiditis. Most runners realize that shoes wear from the inside out.  Runners should frequently check the inside of the shoe.  Attention should focus on the pads of the insole, stitching, toe, heel, and instep areas. Properly lacing the shoe strings may save wear and tear on the shoes and feet. RICE (rest-ice-compression-elevation) treatments are a very important part of healthy foot maintenance and treatment; treatments should be done sooner rather than later. Many running problems may be prevented by focusing attention on your feet. Frequently inspect ones feet before and after running or walking.  Foot pain is not normal when running or walking; seek medical assistance as soon as possible. If your goal is to enjoy running for a lifetime, it is sometimes more important to use your head than your feet. If you want to run tomorrow, take care of your feet today!

„Seltsame Frage. –“– Eine Interpretation von PU § 263

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Mühlhölzer
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

AbstractIn the first sentence of PI § 263 - “»Surely I can (inwardly) resolve to call THIS ›pain‹ in the future.«” - Wittgenstein uses the word “pain” and not, as one would expect, the sign “S” of §§ 258, 260 and 261 because this sentence is voiced by a common sense person who doesn’t yet see the deep difference between “S” and “pain” as it is demonstrated in the sections before. The subsequent twofold question - “»But is it certain that you have resolved this? Are you sure that it was enough for this purpose to concentrate your attention on your feeling?«” - is Wittgenstein’s own question, induced by his philosophical considerations before, but now seen from the point of view of the common sense person with whom Wittgenstein temporarily identifies himself. He looks at the philosopher Wittgenstein with the eyes of the common sense person Wittgenstein. This explains why not only the first sentence of § 263 but also the subsequent question is put in quotation marks. It furthermore explains why Wittgenstein writes at the end: “An odd question.” From a common sense standpoint the question certainly sounds odd. What does the dash at the end of § 263 mean? According to the interpretation just given, it may be understood as follows: the dashes before and after “An odd question” can be read as quotation marks indicating that this remark is voiced by the common sense Wittgenstein in response to the philosopher Wittgenstein.

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