scholarly journals Freeze-Thaw Behavior of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Red Mud and Cement

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Ekrem Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Cement Additive ◽  
Additive Materials

The clayey soils in areas with seasonal frost are exposed to at least one freeze-thaw cycle every year and worsen their engineering properties. To prevent the engineering properties of clayey soils, it is necessary to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of them. In this study, the clayey soil was stabilized by using red mud and cement additive materials. Prepared samples of clayey soil and stabilized clayey soil were subjected to the unconfined compressive test. To investigate the effects of red mud and cement additive materials on the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil, the natural and stabilized expansive soil samples were exposed to the freeze-thaw cycles under laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that the red mud and cement additive materials increased the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil. Consequently, it was concluded that red mud and cement additive materials can be successfully used to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soils.

Waste Tile Usage Effect on the Sandy Subgrade Stabilized with Emulsion Bitumen Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Khabiri ◽  
Bahareh Ebrahimialavijeh
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Surface Analysis Method ◽  
Drop Rate

Improving the subgrade performance and increasing their efficiency can lead to improving the operation and increasing the life of the pavement. One of the common solutions to improve the resistance and engineering properties of the soils is using the stabilizing materials. Using the waste materials as a stabilizer in the soil can lead to a reduction in project costs and help the protection from the environment. In this study, emulsion bitumen and crushed waste tile are used to stabilize the sand dune which is soil with low bearing capacity and resistance properties. In the present study, the emulsion bitumen and crushed waste tile have been used. The effect of dimensions and percentage of crushed tile with different percentages of emulsion bitumen on the compressive pressure and bearing capacity as well as the compressive strength after applying freeze-thaw cycle. The results indicate that the addition of crushed waste tile increases the compression strength and bearing capacity and the tile with a higher dimension has shown more effectiveness. Applying the freeze-thaw cycle has reduced the compression strength and increasing the number of cycles has increased the resistance drop rate. Soil stabilized with coarse-grained tile has more resistance drop rate which increases by increasing the tile percentage. Then, the 3D graph and the recommended function related to each parameter investigated in the test were provided using the response surface analysis method.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the freeze thaw characteristics of expansive soil slope models with different initial moisture contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongnian Yang ◽  
Jianhang Lv ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Chao Jia ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Soil Slopes ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Opposite Behavior

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of freeze–thaw cycling on expansive soil slopes with different initial moisture contents. Clay soil from Weifang, China, was remolded and selected to build the expansive soil slope for the indoor slope model tests. A total of five freeze–thaw cycles were applied to the three expansive soil slopes with different moisture contents ranging from 20 to 40%. Variations of the crack developments, displacements, soil pressures and moisture contents of the expansive soil slope with different initial moisture contents during the freeze–thaw cycling were reported and discussed. The results indicate that higher moisture contents can slow the development of cracks and that the soil pressure increases with decreasing temperature. The soil pressure of slope decreases after freeze–thaw cycle, and the change amplitude of soil pressure after freeze–thaw is proportional to water content. The slopes with a moisture content of 20% and 30% shrinks during freezing and expands during thawing, which was named ES-FSTE Model, while the slope with a 40% moisture content shows the opposite behavior. During freeze–thaw cycles, moisture migrates to slope surface. As initial moisture contents increase, the soil heat transfer rate and bearing capacity decreases after five freeze–thaw cycling.

scholarly journals Laboratory Testing to Research the Micro-Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Frozen–Thawed Marine Soft Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ding ◽  
Bowen Kong ◽  
Xinjiang Wei ◽  
Mengya Zhang ◽  
Baolong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

The use of artificial freezing can change the mechanical properties of marine clay. In the construction of cross passages in metro tunnels in which the artificial ground freezing (AGF) method is applied, freeze–thaw circulation and cyclic loading could weaken the engineering properties of the clay, thus resulting in differential settlement. In this paper, the authors studied the dynamic properties of frozen–thawed soils under cyclic loading, with the help of dynamic triaxial testing. According to the dynamic triaxial test results and the images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the authors explained the weakening effect of both the freeze–thaw cycle and dynamic loading on soft soil. After freezing, the number of large pores increased. In addition, after cyclic loading, the pore structure of the soil showed a tendency towards compaction, which led to the large pores breaking into small ones. Subsequently, the potential reasons for the change of macroscopic dynamic characteristics were explained from a micro-scale point of view.

Effets du gel sur les infrastructures routières argileuses au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Roy ◽  
Jean Tardif ◽  
Serge Leroueil ◽  
Gaston Larose ◽  
Pierre La Rochelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Liquidity Index ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

This study deals with the freeze and thaw effects on the mechanical behaviour of the clayey subgrades exposed by cuts for the placement of road foundations. Twelve cut sites have been analysed in cooperation with the ministère des Transports du Québec. As damages were observed after the first winter on some of the sites, whereas none were apparent on other sites, it was possible to define the factors that may lead to such damages. In particular, the field study confirms the laboratory results showing that criteria based on liquidity index are sufficient to characterize the change of mechanical behaviour of the clayey soils subjected to one freeze–thaw cycle. Key words : clay, liquidity index, freeze-thaw, bearing capacity of roads, heaving, cut. [Translated by the Journal]

scholarly journals Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Engineering Properties of Tonalite: Examples from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Su-Ran Wang ◽  
You-Liang Chen ◽  
Jing Ni ◽  
Mu-Dan Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

The deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of tonalites subjected to freeze-thaw cycling under three different temperature ranges was explored using several experimental techniques. Uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests were conducted on untreated and treated tonalite specimens. Clear decreases in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness were observed in tonalite specimens with frost damage. Although Young’s modulus and fracture toughness did not show clear decreases as the minimum temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle decreased from −30°C to −50°C, the UCS decreased almost linearly. The macromechanical characteristics of the tonalites can be explained by changes in mineral content and microstructure. The intensity of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of minerals in tonalites that had not been freeze-thaw cycled were approximately 10 to 20 times higher than the peaks for the specimens subjected to freeze-thaw cycling, implying that the internal structure of tonalite is less compact after frost damage. The microstructures of the tonalite specimens were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased amounts of fragmentation and breaking of structural planes were observed as the minimum temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle decreased.

scholarly journals Dynamic Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Expansive Soil under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhongnian Yang ◽  
Xuesen Liu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Fujun Niu ◽  
Xianzhang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Foundation Engineering ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

Expansive soil has a significant impact on the stability of many key construction projects in cold regions. To study the physical and mechanical properties of expanded soil under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle, cryogenic cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on the dynamic and the displacement characteristics of geosynthetic-reinforced expansive soil subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles. Compared with the unreinforced expansive soil samples, the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the soil dynamics were discussed. The dynamic shear modulus (Gd) and damping ratio (λ) of the expansive soil samples are improved by reinforcement. Reinforced soil can inhibit the axial compression of the sample and restrain the frost heave deformation of the sample during the freezing process. Meanwhile, it can delay the structural damage effect caused by frost heave and reduce the rate of change of the Gd and the λ with the freeze-thaw cycle. At the same time, reinforced soil can inhibit the axial expansion, reduce the rate of reduction of the Gd, stabilize it with a higher rate, and reduce the influence of the freeze-thaw cycles on the λ of the expansive soil sample. Finally, the change of mechanical properties of expansive soil under the condition of reinforcement is obtained. The main conclusions of this paper can be used to reinforce the roadbed and foundation engineering of frozen soil in a cold region and provide support for the fiber reinforcement method of expansive soil.

scholarly journals Pozzolanic Reaction in Clayey Soils for Stabilization Purposes: A Classical Overview of Sustainable Transport Geotechnics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kennedy C. Onyelowe ◽  
Michael E. Onyia ◽  
Duc Bui Van ◽  
Haci Baykara ◽  
Hyginus U. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Adsorbed Moisture

Problematic soil stabilization processes involve the application of binders to improve the engineering properties of the soil. This is done to change the undesirable properties of these soils to meet basic design standards. However, very little attention has been given to the reactive phase of soil stabilization. This phase is the most important in every stabilization protocol because it embodies the reactions that lead to the bonding of the dispersed particles of clayey soil. Hence, this reactive phase is reviewed. When clayey soils which make up the greatest fraction of expansive soil come in contact with moisture, they experience volume changes due to adsorbed moisture that forms films of double diffused layer on the particles. When this happens, the clayey particles disperse and float, increasing the pore spaces or voids that exist in the soil mass. Stabilizations of these soils are conducted to close the gaps between the dispersed clayey soil particles. This is achieved by mixing additives that will release calcium, aluminum, silicon, etc., in the presence of adsorbed moisture, and a hydration reaction occurs. This is followed by the displacement reaction based on the metallic order in the electrochemical series. This causes a calcination reaction, a process whereby calcium displaces the hydrogen ions of the dipole adsorbed moisture and displaces the sodium ion responsible for the swelling potential of clayey soils. These whole processes lead to a pozzolanic reaction, which finally forms calcium alumina-silica hydrate. This formation is responsible for soil stabilization.

Analysis of Coarse Saline Soil Salt Expansion Characteristics with Different Freeze-Thaw Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1169-1173
Author(s):  
Qiu Mei Zhang ◽  
Jin Tao Tang ◽  
Xiao Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Area

Salt expansion deformation of the saline soil is a common form of the roadbed disease in Saline Soil Area. Salt expansion of saline soil refers to volume expansion by the impact of periodic climate changes in nature. Particle distribution characteristics, compaction characteristics, salt composition and salinity and so on are studied to evaluate the basic engineering properties of saline soil in the location of the project. Seven freeze-thaw cycles test and (no) load single-cooling test are designed to clarify the relation between salt expansion and temperature changes, moisture content, overburden pressure. The results provide design and construction experiences for high-grade highway projects in natural coarse saline soil area.

scholarly journals Influence of Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Binder Dosage on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongping Yang ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Denghua Li ◽  
Xuyong Li ◽  
Xinrong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
K Value ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Engineering Characteristics ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

The solidification/stabilization (S/S) method is the usual technique for the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metal in recent years. However, freeze–thaw cycles, an important physical process producing weathering of materials, will affect the long-term stability of engineering characteristics in solidified contaminated soil. In addition, it is still questionable whether using large dosages of binders can enhance the engineering properties of solidified/stabilized contaminated soils. In this study, the three most commonly used binders (i.e., cement, quicklime, and fly ash), alone and mixed in different ratios, were thus added to lead-contaminated soil in various dosages, making a series of cured lead-contaminated soils with different dosages of binders. Afterward, unconfined compression strength tests, direct shear tests, and permeability tests were employed on the resulting samples to find the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), secant modulus ( E 50 ), internal friction angle ( φ ), cohesion ( c ), and permeability coefficient ( k ) of each solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soil after 0, 3, 7, and 14 days of freeze–thaw cycles. This procedure was aimed at evaluating the influence of freeze–thaw cycle and binder dosage on engineering properties of solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soils. Results of our experiments showed that cement/quicklime/fly ash could remediate lead-contaminated soils. However, it did not mean that the more the dosage of binder, the better the curing effect. There was a critical dosage. Excessive cementation of contaminated soils caused by too much binder would result in loss of strength and an increase in permeability. Furthermore, it was found that UCS,   E 50 , φ , c , and k values generally decreased with the increase in freeze–thaw cycle time—a deterioration effect on the engineering characteristics of solidified lead-contaminated soils. Avoiding excessive cementation, 2.5% cement or quicklime was favorable for the value of E 50 while a 2.5% fly ash additive was beneficial for the k value. It is also suggested that if the freeze–thaw cycle continues beyond the period supported by excessive cementation, such a cycle will rapidly destroy the original structure of the soil and create large cracks, leading to an increase in permeability. The results also showed that the contaminated soils with a larger dosage of binders exhibited more significant deterioration during freeze–thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Study on Soil-Water Characteristics of Expansive Soil under the Dry-Wet Cycle and Freeze-Thaw Cycle considering Volumetric Strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lisi Niu ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Jiamin Zhao ◽  
Wenyuan Ren ◽  
Yuguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

This paper targets the expansive soils in Heilongjiang and Ankang to explore the influence of initial dry density, dry-wet cycle, and freeze-thaw cycle on the soil-water characteristics. The centrifuge method was used to obtain the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) with different conditions. The volumetric strain of SWCC was modified based on the shrinkage test, and the corresponding fitting equations considering different factors were established. The results show that the volumetric water content is modified to consider the volume shrinkage effect of expansive soil, and the modification is more obvious in the high matric suction range. The smaller the initial dry density is, the worse the water-holding capacity of the sample is, and the smaller the air intake value is. The greater the time of the dry-wet cycle is, the greater the saturated volumetric water content of the sample is, and the corresponding water-holding capacity is significantly reduced. When the dry-wet cycle increases to a certain extent, the structure becomes stable. With the increase of the freeze-thaw cycle, the saturated volumetric water content first decreases and then increases. Similarly, after several times of the freeze-thaw cycle, the structure is basically stable. The fitted Gardner model equations under different conditions were proved to be able to describe the SWCCs of the two targeted expansive soils.

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