scholarly journals “Pravara Tent”- An Innovative Protective Device to Control Aerosol in Dental Clinics during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Macchindra Vikhe ◽  
Summit V Dhope ◽  
Prasad N Mhaske ◽  
Seemit V Shah ◽  
Umesh G Palekar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protective Device ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Novel Devices

Many dental procedures use modern devices like an air rotor and ultrasonic scaler, which generate aerosols and droplets. The dental procedures cannot be performed without the above devices. The ways commonly available today to control aerosols are suction, saliva ejectors, but it does little to control aerosols. The expensive filters like High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) are available but they are not easily available in rural set-up and economical for everyone. There are many diseases, for example- severe acute respiratory syndrome, tuberculosis, influenza and viral infections, which spread through droplets, so management of the infection control procedures for aerosols is mandatory in dental clinics. A novel human coronavirus-that is, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also can be transferred through droplets and splatter. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect the dentist from the risk of transmission. The “Pravara tent” (the name Pravara was given to the tent by the authors as it was invented at the place called Pravara) is one of the examples of a protective (box) device, which can be used to control aerosols generated from air rotor and an ultrasonic scaler to reduce transmission of diseases between clinicians, and the patients. So, this tent is a simple, modified, and economical innovative protective device working with high efficacy by creating a barrier between patient and dentist to minimise aerosols during dental procedures.

scholarly journals Local Exhaust Ventilation to Control Dental Aerosols and Droplets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Allison ◽  
Christopher Dowson ◽  
Kimberley Pickering ◽  
Greta Červinskytė ◽  
Justin Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Local Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Open Plan

Dental procedures produce aerosols which may remain suspended and travel significant distances from the source. Dental aerosols and droplets contain oral microbes and there is potential for infectious disease transmission and major disruption to dental services during infectious disease outbreaks. One method to control hazardous aerosols often used in industry is Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LEV on aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures. Experiments were conducted on dental mannequins in an 825.4 m3 open plan clinic, and a 49.3 m3 single surgery. 10-minute crown preparations were performed with an air-turbine handpiece in the open plan clinic, and 10-minute full mouth ultrasonic scaling in the single surgery. Fluorescein was added to instrument irrigation reservoirs as a tracer. In both settings, Optical Particle Counters (OPCs) were used to measure aerosol particles between 0.3 - 10.0 μm and liquid cyclone air samplers were used to capture aerosolised fluorescein tracer. Additionally, in the open plan setting fluorescein tracer was captured by passive settling onto filter papers in the environment. Tracer was quantified fluorometrically. An LEV device with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration and a flow rate of 5,000 L/min was used. LEV reduced aerosol production from the air-turbine handpiece by 90% within 0.5 m, and this was 99% for the ultrasonic scaler. OPC particle counts were substantially reduced for both procedures, and air-turbine settled droplet detection reduced by 95% within 0.5 m. The effect of LEV was substantially greater than suction alone for the air-turbine and was similar to the effect of suction for the ultrasonic scaler. LEV reduces aerosol and droplet contamination from dental procedures by at least 90% in the breathing zone of the operator and it is therefore a valuable tool to reduce the dispersion of dental aerosols.

scholarly journals Local Exhaust Ventilation to Control Dental Aerosols and Droplets

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110562
Author(s):  
J.R. Allison ◽  
C. Dowson ◽  
K. Pickering ◽  
G. Červinskytė ◽  
J. Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Local Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Open Plan

Dental procedures produce aerosols that may remain suspended and travel significant distances from the source. Dental aerosols and droplets contain oral microbes, and there is potential for infectious disease transmission and major disruption to dental services during infectious disease outbreaks. One method to control hazardous aerosols often used in industry is local exhaust ventilation (LEV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LEV on aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures. Experiments were conducted on dental mannequins in an 825.4-m3 open-plan clinic and a 49.3-m3 single surgery. Ten-minute crown preparations were performed with an air-turbine handpiece in the open-plan clinic and 10-min full-mouth ultrasonic scaling in the single surgery. Fluorescein was added to instrument irrigation reservoirs as a tracer. In both settings, optical particle counters (OPCs) were used to measure aerosol particles between 0.3 and 10.0 µm, and liquid cyclone air samplers were used to capture aerosolized fluorescein tracer. In addition, in the open-plan setting, fluorescein tracer was captured by passive settling onto filter papers in the environment. Tracer was quantified fluorometrically. An LEV device with high-efficiency particulate air filtration and a flow rate of 5,000 L/min was used. LEV reduced aerosol production from the air-turbine handpiece by 90% within 0.5 m, and this was 99% for the ultrasonic scaler. OPC particle counts were substantially reduced for both procedures and air-turbine settled droplet detection reduced by 95% within 0.5 m. The effect of LEV was substantially greater than suction alone for the air-turbine and was similar to the effect of suction for the ultrasonic scaler. LEV reduces aerosol and droplet contamination from dental procedures by at least 90% in the breathing zone of the operator, and it is therefore a valuable tool to reduce the dispersion of dental aerosols.

Restorative dental treatment in times of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson de Lima GOMES ◽  
Marlus da Silva PEDROSA ◽  
Claudio Heliomar Vicente da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Know How ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Dental Professional ◽  
Restrictive Measures

ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), numerous restrictive measures have been adopted by governments of different countries. The return to elective dental care in Brazil is a reality even during the COVID-19 pandemic. During restorative dental procedures, the dental professional requires close contact with the patient, being exposed to contaminated saliva and fluids. In addition, transmission of COVID-19 by the generation of aerosol produced by dental handipieces may be possible. Thus, the dental staff must know how to act during restorative dental procedures, putting into practice the correct clinical protocols to avoid cross-contamination and COVID-19 spread. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the biosafety practices especially in the context of restorative dental procedures in times of COVID-19.

Covid-19 and its financial effects on the dental fraternity and health-care workers: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Devangi Agrawal ◽  
Namisha Khara ◽  
Bhushan Mundada ◽  
Nitin Bhola ◽  
Rajiv Borle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

In the wake of the current outbreak of novel Covid-19, which is now declared as a 'pandemic' by the WHO, people around the globe have been dealing with a lot of difficulties. This virus had come into light in December 2019 and since then has only grown exponentially. Amongst the most affected are the ones who have been working extremely hard to eradicate it, which includes the hospitals, dental fraternity and the health-care workers. These people are financially burdened due to limited practise. In the case of dentistry, to avoid the spread of the virus, only emergency treatments are being approved, and the rest of the standard procedures have been put on hold. In some cases, as the number of covid cases is rising, many countries are even trying to eliminate the emergency dental procedures to divert the finances towards the treatment of covid suffering patients. What we need to realise is that this is probably not the last time that we are facing such a situation. Instead of going down, we should set up guidelines with appropriate precautionary measures together with the use of standardised PPEs. The government should also establish specific policies to support dental practices and other health-care providers. Together, we can fight this pandemic and come out stronger.

Challenges in prevention & control of COVID - 19 pandemic in dentistry: A review. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Begum ◽  
Riaz Abdulla ◽  
Akhter Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
High Chance

UNSTRUCTURED The menace of COVID 19 pandemic has become a major public health concern all over the world. It is a pandemic outbreak that originated from Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019. All healthcare professionals including dental surgeons are in the front line and a high chance of constantly getting infected. Droplet and aerosol transmissions are the utmost concern in dental clinics and dental college hospitals. Hence, COVID 19 has a high risk of spread through droplets and aerosols generated during dental procedures from infected patients. This review article highlights the dental perspective and discusses the various preventive measures undertaken to control the spread of infection in dental clinics and dental college hospital setups.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Molecules Involved in Differentiation, Maturation, and Survival of Dopaminergic Neurons in Health and Parkinson’s Disease: Physiological Aspects and Clinical Implications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Giulia Gaggi ◽  
Andrea Di Credico ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Giovanni Iannetti ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Set Up

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a specific and progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and dopamine, causing motor dysfunctions and impaired movements. Unfortunately, available therapies can partially treat the motor symptoms, but they have no effect on non-motor features. In addition, the therapeutic effect reduces gradually, and the prolonged use of drugs leads to a significative increase in the number of adverse events. For these reasons, an alternative approach that allows the replacement or the improved survival of DA neurons is very appealing for the treatment of PD patients and recently the first human clinical trials for DA neurons replacement have been set up. Here, we review the role of chemical and biological molecules that are involved in the development, survival and differentiation of DA neurons. In particular, we review the chemical small molecules used to differentiate different type of stem cells into DA neurons with high efficiency; the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs both in DA neurons development/survival as far as in the pathogenesis of PD; and, finally, we dissect the potential role of exosomes carrying biological molecules as treatment of PD.

scholarly journals Safe On-Boat Resuscitation by Lifeguards in COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study Comparing Three Sets of Personal Protective Equipment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Roberto Barcala-Furelos ◽  
Cristian Abelairas-Gómez ◽  
Alejandra Alonso-Calvete ◽  
Francisco Cano-Noguera ◽  
Aida Carballo-Fazanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Preparation Time

Abstract Introduction: On-boat resuscitation can be applied by lifeguards in an inflatable rescue boat (IRB). Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prehospital care procedures need to be re-evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of PPE influences the amount of preparation time needed before beginning actual resuscitation and the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; QCPR) on an IRB. Methods: Three CPR tests were performed by 14 lifeguards, in teams of two, wearing different PPE: (1) Basic PPE (B-PPE): gloves, a mask, and protective glasses; (2) Full PPE (F-PPE): B-PPE + a waterproof apron; and (3) Basic PPE + plastic blanket (B+PPE). On-boat resuscitation using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was performed sailing at 20km/hour. Results: Using B-PPE takes less time and is significantly faster than F-PPE (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus F-PPE 69 [SD = 17] seconds; P = .001), and the use of B+PPE is slightly higher (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus B+PPE 34 [SD = 6] seconds; P = .002). The QCPR remained similar in all three scenarios (P >.05), reaching values over 79%. Conclusion: The use of PPE during on-board resuscitation is feasible and does not interfere with quality when performed by trained lifeguards. The use of a plastic blanket could be a quick and easy alternative to offer extra protection to lifeguards during CPR on an IRB.

scholarly journals CD169/SIGLEC1 is expressed on circulating monocytes in COVID-19 and expression levels are associated with disease severity

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Moritz Doehn ◽  
Christoph Tabeling ◽  
Robert Biesen ◽  
Jacopo Saccomanno ◽  
Elena Madlung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Expression Levels

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I interferons are important in the defense of viral infections. Recently, neutralizing IgG auto-antibodies against type I interferons were found in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we analyzed expression of CD169/SIGLEC1, a well described downstream molecule in interferon signaling, and found increased monocytic CD169/SIGLEC1 expression levels in patients with mild, acute COVID-19, compared to patients with severe disease. We recommend further clinical studies to evaluate the value of CD169/SIGLEC1 expression in patients with COVID-19 with or without auto-antibodies against type I interferons.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ventilation Strategies for a Medium-Sized Space with Regional Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Ming-Lun Alan Fong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Set Up

The analysis of ventilation strategies is fundamentally affected by regional climate conditions and local cost databases, in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost-effective analysis. A systematic approach is covered in this paper to estimate a local economic and environmental impact on a medium-sized space located in two regions during supply-and-installation and operation phases. Three ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV) and stratum ventilation (SV) were applied to medium-sized air-conditioned space with this approach. The trend of the results for three ventilation systems in the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is SV < DV < MV. The result of CO2 emission and regional LCC shows that SV is the lowest one in both regional studies. In comparison with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during 20 Service years, the case analysis demonstrates that the percentage differences in LCC analysis of MV, DV & SV in Guangdong are less than 20.5%, 19.4% and 18.82% respectively. Their CO2 emission of MV, DV and SV in Guangdong are more than HKSAR in 10.69%, 11.22% and 12.05%, respectively. The present study could provide information about regional effects in the LCA and LCC analysis of three ventilation strategies emissions, and thereby help set up models for decision-making on high efficiency and cost-effective ventilation strategy plans.

Compliance control as a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of businesses in e-commerce

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1518
Author(s):  
Vilena A. YAKIMOVA ◽  
Viktor S. RADOMSKII
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Compliance Control ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
It Risk

Subject. The article focuses on organizational and methodological issues of internal compliance control in e-commerce businesses. Objectives. We refine the design and technique of internal compliance control for e-commerce businesses. Methods. The study relies upon methods of analysis and generalization, grouping, systematization, risk-based, systems and business process approaches. Results. We devised the five-component compliance control sysem, determined its principles and functions ensuring the economic security of e-commerce businesses. We suggest conducting compliance procedures intended to mitigate IT risks and accounting for the specifics of e-commerce business processes. Conclusions and Relevance. In e-commerce, compliance control serves for identifying and monitoring compliance risks, ensuring safe operations of businesses, which is vital for people. The information system for IT risk protection was found to underlie compliance control, while control procedures can be classified into general and applied. The findings can be used to set up a reliable and effective compliance system for e-commerce businesses in order to prevent economic abuses and crime.

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