scholarly journals Study of Histomorphological Spectrum of Granulomatous Lesions of Skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Pooja Agarwal ◽  
Tarun Mishra ◽  
Yatendra Chahar ◽  
Raj Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern

Introduction: The granulomatous reaction is defined as a distinctive inflammatory pattern characterised by the granuloma. The term Granuloma was first coined by Virchow in 1864. The granuloma is characterised by collection of activated histiocytes, epithelioid cells and multinucleate giant cells that may or may not be rimed by lymphocytes and/or show central necrosis. The pattern of skin disease varies from one country to another and across different parts within same country. The granulomatous lesions of skin are a common and intriguing problem in developing countries. Aim:To study the histomorphological spectrum of granulomatous lesions of skin. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of two years (from September 2018 to September 2020). All skin biopsies coming to The Department of Pathology werefixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for duration of 12 to 24 hours. Paraffin wax blocks were made and 3-4 micrometer section were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), showing granulomas on histology were included in the study. On H&E, stained slide, granulomas were studied for type, morphology and site. Special stains were used for further evaluations and analysis. Results: Out of total 124 cases studied, the maximum patients 34 (27.41%) were of 11-20 years age group. The epithelioid granuloma was the most common type in 76 (61.29%) cases followed by histiocytic granuloma in 24 (19.35%). The infectious granulomatous dermatoses were the most common histological type in which tuberculosis was most common followed by leprosy. Most commonly the lesions were found to involve the whole dermis in 74 (59.68%) cases, followed by upper and mid dermis in 35 (28.23%) cases. Out of 40 cases of leprosy, 17(42.50%) cases were found Wade-Fite Stain positive. Out of total 57 cases of tuberculosis, 31 (54.38%) cases were found Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) positive. Conclusion: We concluded that major cause of granulomatous dermatoses in developing countries is still infectious, tuberculosis and leprosy being the leading causes. Histopathology is gold standard for diagnosis and categorisation of granulomatous dermatoses. Special stains are useful in cases of any dilemma.

scholarly journals Prevalence and knowledge of hypertension among students of medical college of central Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Saurabh Saxena ◽  
Vidya Rani ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Prashant Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Medical College

Background: Hypertension is one of the biggest health challenges, which is continuously increasing among young adults, especially students. The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge of hypertension among undergraduate students of a medical college of a rural area in central Uttar Pradesh, India. Methodology:  A cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the medical college of central Uttar Pradesh, India. Data were collected on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, and anthropometric assessments were carried out using standard equipment and procedures. Results: The present research involved 147 undergraduate medical students with a mean age of 21.9±2.2 years. Knowledge about hypertension was poor, average and good among19.7% (n=29), 76.8% (n=113) and 3.4% (n=5) students, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure (mean SBP) was 127.07 ± 10.109 mm of Hg with a range 110 to 154mm of Hg, and mean diastolic blood pressure (mean DBP) was 80.5 ± 6.587 mm Hg with a range 68 to 94 mm of Hg. Conclusions: Smoking, alcoholism, non-vegetarian diet, body weight over 60 kgs and waist-hip ratio over 0.9 were recognized as risk factors of hypertension. Hence it needs a powerful surveillance program to find the exact problem.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of cutaneous granulomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541
Author(s):  
Aasiya Rajbhandari ◽  
Ram Chandra Adhikari ◽  
Shreya Shrivastav ◽  
Sudip Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Cutaneous Granuloma ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Cutaneous granulomas comprise a wide spectrum of diseases that are frequently encountered. Since clinical assessment alone is insufficient in most of the cases, skin biopsies are a basic requisite in evaluating these lesions. Histopathological examination, although helpful in deciding the nature of granulomas and etiology in most of the cases, maybe noncontributory in some cases, thus requiring further ancillary tests such as microbial culture, polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study enrolled 109 cases of skin biopsies after histopathological confirmation of granulomatous lesions. The specimens were received at the Department of Pathology from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018. Results: Out of 650 skin biopsies, 109 cases (16.8%) were diagnosed as granulomatous lesions on histology. Male predilection was noted and age group of 31 to 40 years was the commonest affected. Upper extremities were more commonly involved. Leprosy was the commonest etiological agent and tuberculoid granulomas were the commonest type based on their histology. Conclusions: Leprosy was the most common cause of cutaneous granuloma followed by Tuberculosis, fungal infection and foreign body reaction. Among the cases of leprosy, borderline tuberculoid leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy were the commonest subtype.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing impairment in Aligarh: a community based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2926
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif Khan ◽  
Najam Khalique ◽  
Zulfia Khan ◽  
Abrar Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Hearing impairment is avery complex phenomenon, which has many and serious consequencesfor people and involves many factors and issues that should becarefully examined. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in the study population.Methods: Study design was a community based cross sectional study. Setting was on field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. No. of Participants was 422 study subjects age 18 and above 18 years; Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 13; Chi-square.Results: Overall prevalence in present study population was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence in the rural areas (24.8%) was found to be higher than that of the urban areas (20.5%). The age specific prevalence showed that the maximum prevalence was in the age group of more than 70 years (66.6%). In the rural areas the prevalence was highest in the >70 year age group(75%) while in the urban areas it was maximum in the 61-70 year age group(61.5%). The prevalence was least in the 31-40 year age group in both urban (5.4%) as well as rural areas (14.5%). The association of hearing loss with age was found to be highly significant.Conclusions:A high prevalence of hearing impairment was found in the study. Increasing prevalence of hearing impairment was observed with advancing age.  

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practice study among healthcare workers, during COVID-19 pandemic in an aspiring district of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4084
Author(s):  
Richa Yadav ◽  
Omprakash Pandey ◽  
Rajendra K. Shukla ◽  
Geeta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Autonomous State ◽  
Appropriate Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) declared pandemic by WHO on 30th January 2020. Till date there is no antiviral treatment or vaccine has been developed for COVID-19. Primary preventive measures include regular hand washing, social distancing and respiratory etiquettes are only proven methods till date.Methods: A type of questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among the healthcare workers (HCWs) of Maharaja Suheldev Autonomous State Medical College, Bahraich.Results: In this predominantly uneducated and socially backward area, majority of participants had knowledge about COVID-19 precautionary measures and most of them are confident of winning over the disease; 77.5% were confident of successfully controlling the disease, yet maximum healthcare workers took seriously the precautionary measures.Conclusions: Good COVID-19 knowledge is associated with optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices towards COVID-19, suggesting that health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for encouraging an optimistic attitude and maintaining safe practices.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Avi Singh ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal R. Srivastava ◽  
Mrinal R. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Related

Background: Alcohol and tobacco consumption is now considered a serious public health problem. Together, both alcohol and tobacco abuse can cause substantial health related morbidity and mortality. This study was done to assess the patter of tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students of Lucknow district.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was carried out among 116 first year MBBS students of Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. The questionnaire was based on outlines of GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) & Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH).Results: 61.29% males and 8.24% females abused both tobacco and alcohol. Of all the tobacco users, 70.97% males and 15.29% females consumed cigarettes. In case of alcohol consumption, 80.65% males and 35.29% of females consumed some form of alcohol. Overall 43% of respondents abused alcohol and tobacco to relieve stress. Attempt to quit alcohol and tobacco was at 44.6% overall.Conclusions: This study has shown that alcohol and tobacco are major substances being abused by young medical graduates, in spite of universal knowledge that they are source of major non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Diabetes is the Leading Cause of ESRD in Haemodialysis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Tania Mahbub ◽  
Md. Nizam Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Ferdous Jahan ◽  
Sakibjjaman Arefeen ◽  
Motlebur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of ESRD and the no of diabetes patients is increasing day by day.In the developed world it is the first and foremost cause of renal failure. However in the developing countries it has beenconsidered as second most common cause after GN.This study was a cross sectional study conducted during Oct 2010 to Sept 2011, in the dept of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital to determine the cause of renal failure with specific object to find out the leading cause of ESRD among the Haemodialysis patients. This study found Diabetes as the leading cause of ESRD accounting 44.1% of whole population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14595 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 62-64

scholarly journals Comorbidities associated with cerebral palsy in children presenting at department of Pediatrics, K. T. children hospital Rajkot, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Mauli V. Raja ◽  
Palak T. Hapani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Nicu Admission

Background: Cerebral palsy is a diagnostic term used to describe a group of motor syndromes resulting from disorder of early brain development. It describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of brain and posture causing activity limitation. The magnitude of cerebral palsy in our country is 2 to 2.5 per thousand live birth. The objective is to study co-morbidities associated in cerebral palsy patients.Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in KT Children Hospital, PDU Medical College, Rajkot for 1 year (April 2017-April 2018). Sample size: minimum 100 cases. Selection of subject: All the children suffering from cerebral palsy presenting at KT Children hospital, P.D.U. Medical college Rajkot, Gujarat. Cases were evaluated by history, clinical examination and necessary investigations.Results: From data collected in present study most common variety of Cerebral Palsy is spastic type (72.5%) followed by, dyskinetic (16%), ataxic (7%), and hypotonic (4.5%) type. Within spastic type; diplegic (48%) is the most common variety. Caesarean section delivered cases are more predisposed to Cerebral palsy in present study which might be due to other risk factors associated with it. Gender and consanguinity showed not major significance in association with CP child. Most of Cerebral palsy cases in present study were born full term (81.5%) and of normal birth weight (78.5%). The most common comorbidities in present study were cognitive impairment (77%) followed by epilepsy (38%), visual impairment (10%), hearing disability (9%) thyroid dysfunction (3%) and G.I. disturbances (2%). Perinatal asphyxia is the most common history finding in Cerebral palsy cases including in present study, followed by seizures during infancy, pathological jaundice, neonatal sepsis and history of NICU admission for any cause.Conclusions: Cerebral palsy in developing countries has a higher prevalence and different clinical profile regarding severity and associated disability. The perinatal and high-quality neonatal care together with physical therapy and rehabilitation programs have a significant role in preventing comorbidities in cerebral palsy cases, which is still lacking in developing countries.

scholarly journals Association of risk factors with diabetes mellitus in rural population RHTC Peeplikhera, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, North India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Rijul Ranjan ◽  
Neha Shukla ◽  
Amardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diabetic Population

Background: Diabetes is the serious public health problem in all the countries but majorly in developing countries. The prevalence of diabetes is showing an upward trend in most countries. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising in rural population. Also there is paucity of data regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Meerut. Aim and objective was to study the associated factors with diabetic population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in diabetic population of 20 years and above who visited the OPD of RHTC Peeplikhera, Mulayam Singh Yadav Medical College, Meerut, fasting blood sugar was done to estimate the diabetes.Results: The prevalence of diabetes was found to be significantly associated with increasing age, family history and body mass index.Conclusions: The diabetes mellitus is a significant health problem after 40 years of age in rural population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microalbuminuria with associated risk factors among diabetics in the urban field practice area of a medical college in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Prakhar Pandey ◽  
Nirankar Singh ◽  
Umer Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Diabetes is a major threat to global public health that is rapidly getting worse and its biggest impact is on adults of working age 45-55 in developing countries. Diabetes mellitus causes progressive changes to the kidneys and ultimately results in diabetic nephropathy. Microalbumin measurement is useful in diagnosis at an early stage, before the development of proteinuria.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study. The study period of 2 months, from September 2019 to October 2019. Adult between 20 to 59 years of age at the time of data collection from house to house visit were included in the study. A total of 138 diabetics were found in the community and accessed for microalbuminuria and other risk factors.Results: Prevalence of microalbuminuria among was 15.1%. Logistic regression model analysis revealed that micro albuminuria was significantly correlated with the diastolic blood pressure (p=0.003) and the duration of diabetes (p=0.001).Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of diabetes in India we need to screen all diabetics for microalbuminuria. Control of blood pressure should also be done more vigorously in diabetic patients.

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