Determination of Green Tea Recovery Percentage and Its Relation to Different Weather Parameters

Aims: Green tea is one of the most popular drinks and millions of cups are consumed every day in entire world. In Bangladesh, people mainly prefer CTC (Crush-Tear-Curl) black tea but now-a-days health conscious people are being habituated to green tea due to its beneficial effect to health. Since our green tea production is very little compared to black tea production, our concept and knowledge about green tea is also very low. This experiment was conducted with two main objectives: to determine the green tea recovery percentage and to find its relation to different weather parameters. Study Design: This experiment was conducted by following Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was conducted at Miniature Factory of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Sreemangal, Moulvibazar-3210 from March 2017 to November 2017. Methodology: BTRI recommended green tea manufacturing process (Green Leaves→ Steaming→ Cooling→ Rolling→ Drying) was followed in this experiment to calculate the recovery percentage. Weight of green leaves after each stage and recovery percentage were calculated. Monthly weather data of four parameters: temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), relative humidity (%) and sunshine hour were also collected. Correlation Coefficient (r) was calculated by Pearson’s mathematical formulation to quantify the degree of relationship. Linear regression equation was also generated to predict recovery percentages against different weather parameters only when the relationship was significant. Results: In case of BTRI recommended green tea manufacturing process the average recovery percentage was 19.19% with an average moisture content of 3.72%. Among four weather parameters, temperature (°C) has negative insignificant (correlation coefficient, r=-0.43 and P=0.2523) relation on recovery percentage. But there was a strong significant (P=0.000146) negative effect (r=-0.942) of rainfall on recovery percentage. While a moderate non-significant (P=0.322807) negative relation (r=-0.37) of relative humidity and a considerable high positive non-significant (P=0.073687) relation (r=0.62) of sunshine hour on recovery percentage was found in this study. Conclusion: Green tea recovery percentage was 19.19% with an average moisture content of 3.72% which can be different with different weather conditions in every month. Among four weather parameters, mainly rainfall was responsible for the variation of recovery percentages in different months.

Download Full-text

Weather parameters vulnerability on tea production in north western Himalaya, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i4.1122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 2262-2267

Author(s):

Parmod Verma ◽

Ranbir Singh Rana ◽

Ramesh Ramesh ◽

Ranu Pathania

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Tea Production ◽

Weather Parameters ◽

June July

The study assessed the sensitivity of weather parameters with respect to total green leaf and two leaves and bud (T & B) productivity of tea crop {Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze}. The maximum temperature ranging from 20.0 to 29.0 oC during March, May, August and September showed positive relationship with values ranging from 0.26 to 3.38 and 0.22 to 3.22 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. Similarly, minimum temperature ranging from 9.1 to 20.0 oC during March and July to October found positive 0.001 to 2.93 and 0.28 to 2.91 for green leaf and T & B productivity, respectively. The mean monthly rainfall amounting 52.7 to 664.7 mm during March, May, July to October and 52.7 to 488.4 mm during June, July, September and October also showed positive sensitivity with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.33 and 0.007 to 0.35 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. The relative humidity ranging between 41.2 to 77.3% during April to May for green leaf yield (0.32 to 1.71) and during April to May and October for two leaf and bud yield (0.00 to 1.70) showed positive relationship. So, maximum and minimum temperature between 20.0 to 29.0 oC and 9.1 to 20.0 oC, respectively with rainfall of 52.7 to 488.4 mm and relative humidity 41.2 to 77.3% are the most beneficial weather parameters for tea cultivation at Palampur conditions.

Download Full-text

Quality and Economic Evaluation of Peanut Stored in Modular Containers1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-2-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. S. Wright ◽

C. L. Butts ◽

M. C. Lamb ◽

J. S. Cundiff

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

System Concept ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

The Cost ◽

On Farm ◽

Operation Cost ◽

Field Location

Abstract Handling problems at buying/drying points have significantly increased with the increased harvesting rate of the 4-, 6-, and 8-row combines. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be cured and dried, stored, and moved to the shelling plant when placed in the modular container (box) at the field location. Boxes sized 1.8 m deep x 2.3 m wide x 7.3 m long will hold about 10 Mg of peanuts with two boxes making a semitrailer load. In 1995 and 1996, standard 4.3-m peanut wagons and 4.3-m boxes were used to study a) changes in peanut moisture, b) handling concerns of boxes, and c) the economic feasibility of handling peanuts in boxes. Peanut moisture content decreased from about 10.3 to 6.2% during the two storage periods of 140 and 160 d. Differences in temperature and relative humidity caused the average moisture content to decrease from 9.6 to 7.5% in 70 d during 1995 compared to a drop from 9.5 to 7.5% in 140 d during 1996. Maximum and minimum temperatures in the top 15 cm lagged behind the ambient temperature by 6.4 and 4.3 hr, respectively. Daily average temperatures and relative humidities in the paired boxes and wagons were similar. Relative humidity in the middle of the boxes and wagons did not fluctuate with ambient humidity. Transferring peanuts by an elevator failed to simulate warehouse system handling damage. The economic analysis, after adjusting for reduced shrink loss and handling loss, showed an on-farm operation cost of $19.54/yr/Mg for the box system concept compared to $19.98/yr/Mg for the current wagon-warehouse system. For a buying point operation, the cost was $9.80/yr/Mg for the box system concept compared to $9.93/yr/Mg for the wagon-warehouse system. The two systems are approximately equal in total cost.

Download Full-text

Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Monitoring Device Developed for Grain Storage

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i2.526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Taofiq O Olanrewaju ◽

Sheidu S Tenuche ◽

Luqman O Durojaiye ◽

Aminu M Umar

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Automatic Device ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

Storage Device ◽

Grain Storage ◽

Monitoring Device

Grains are rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins, fibres and oil. These components form daily constituents man in human diets and animal feed. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of grain crops in Africa, though, more than 60% of this is lost due to postharvest processing, whereas inadequate storage structures and inappropriate storage techniques cause about 45% damage to the produce. In Nigeria, huge losses occur in grains during storage based on traditional and intermediate methods being use, and the few modern structures used by the public sector are poorly managed. In order to reduce these losses, this study developed an automatic grain storage device which would monitor internal temperature and relative humidity of stored grains. The components of the storage monitoring device (SMD) including; temperature and humidity sensors, buck converters, Node MCU, Arduino IDE, H-bridge and fan were soldered and connected to perform the expected function. Readings from the SMD revealed that during storage, average temperature and relative humidity measured 34.4 oC and 63% respectively. A total weight loss of 4.1 kg (3.2%) at average moisture content of 13% was experienced. 2.3 kg and 1.8 kg of the entire weight loss were loss due to drop in moisture content and insect infestation respectively. The device was found to be effective because the slightest variations in parameters measured were indicative of the sensitivity and efficiency of the device.Keywords: Grain, storage, temperature, moisture content, automatic device

Download Full-text

Drying of Castor Bean Fruits (Ricinus communis L., "BRS Energia" Variety): An Experimental Investigation

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.371.31 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 371 ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

E.M.A. Pereira ◽

J.V. Silva ◽

J.P.S. Santos ◽

T.H.F. Andrade ◽

A.G. Barbosa de Lima

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

Drying Rate ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Drying Rates

This work aims to realize an experimental investigation of the drying of castor bean fruits (Ricinus communis L., “BRS Energia” variety) in oven. Results of the average moisture content and surface temperature of the product as a function of time were analyzed for different drying air temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C). Results shows that increasing drying temperature and decreasing air relative humidity we have an increases in the drying rate and more quickly the castor fruits reaches both thermal and hygroscopic equilibrium. It was found that high drying rates generates hydric and thermal stresses inside the product, causing cracks and deformations in the castor bean fruits.

Download Full-text

Pengukuran Beban Kerja Fisiologis dan Psikologis pada Operator Pemetikan Teh dan Operator Produksi Teh Hijau di PTMitra Kerinci

Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri ◽

10.25077/josi.v13.n1.p503-517.2014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mega Mutia

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Production Process ◽

Temperature Measurement ◽

Green Tea ◽

Black Tea ◽

High Quality ◽

Tea Plantation ◽

Tea Production ◽

Nasa Tlx ◽

Operator Workload

PT . Mitra Kerinci is agro-industry that have tea plantation and some factory facilities consist of tea processes, green tea processes and black tea processes. PT Mitra Kerinci become the largest green tea producer in Southeast Asia. The Company continually make improvements in every line of the company to produce high quality products. Workers are an important element of the company as well as a critical corporate asset. The company always keeping workers comfortable and maximal doing his job, for the activities associated with the production of green tea such as picking tea and green tea production process and should be evaluated and developed to be improved towards better way. This study aimed to measure the workload physiological and psychological workload on the operator plucking tea and green tea production operators and provide recommendations based on the results obtained to improve the work system at the plucking tea and green tea production PT Mitra Kerinci. Measurement of physiological workload done by calculating calorie requirements, CVLpercentage and consumption of each carrier by measuring the pulse and temperature measurement operator workload while the psychological conducted using the NASA-TLX.Keywords: Physiological, psychological, workload, NASA - TLXAbstrakPT Mitra Kerinci adalah perusahaan agroindustri yang mengelola perkebunan teh dan dua pabrik teh, yaitu pabrik teh hijau dan pabrik teh hitam. PT Mitra Kerinci menjadi perusahaan penghasil teh hijau terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Perusahaan senantiasa melakukan perbaikan disetiap lini perusahaan untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas tinggi. Pekerja adalahelemen penting perusahaan sekaligus menjadi aset penting perusahaan. Perusahaan selalu menjaga kenyamanan pekerja sehingga maksimal melakukan tugasnya. Kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan produksi teh hijau seperti pemetikan teh dan proses produksi teh hijau harus dievaluasi dan dikembangkan kearah yang lebih baik. Setiap pekerjaan yang ada di PT Mitra Kerinci memiliki tingkat beban kerja yang berbeda-beda baik beban kerja fisik maupun mental. Banyak ditemui beban kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan kapasitas pekerja, hal ini disebabkan tingginya permintaan teh pada perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur beban kerja fisiologis dan beban kerja psikologis pada operator pemetikan teh dan operator produksi teh hijau serta memberikan rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil yang didapat untuk memperbaiki sistem kerja di bagian pemetikan teh dan produksi teh hijau PT Mitra Kerinci. Pengukuran beban kerja fisiologis dilakukan dengan menghitung kebutuhan kalori, persentase CVL dan konsumsi masing-masing operator dengan melakukan pengukuran denyut nadi dan suhu operator sedangkan pengukuran beban kerja psikologis dilakukan dengan metode NASA-TLX.Kata kunci: Beban kerja, fisiologis, psikologis, NASA-TLX

Download Full-text

The Resurgence of the Tea Industry in China: ‘Beware the Tail of the Sleeping Dragon’

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072708901800106 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 28-37

Author(s):

Dan M. Etherington And Keith Forster

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Black Tea ◽

Total Production ◽

The Past ◽

Tea Industry ◽

The World ◽

The Face ◽

Tea Production ◽

Unique Green

Over the past 20 years, China's tea production has recorded a consistent and impressive growth, and China now has the second largest tea industry in the world. Although it follows India in total production, it completely dominates the ‘ green tea’ market. While China exports only 20 per cent of its green tea, it exports 90 per cent of its black tea production – production which has been expanding at more than 7 per cent per annum over the last 15 years. It becomes critical then, whether China continues to push black tea exports in the face of declining world prices or whether it seeks to develop further the exports of its own unique green teas.

Download Full-text

Oolong Çayın Üretimi, Bileşimi ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v2i3.154-159.84 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

İlkay Koca ◽

Şeyda Bostancı

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

North Africa ◽

Black Tea ◽

Potential Health ◽

Purine Alkaloids ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

The World ◽

Tea Production

Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is produced from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis L.. Tea has important physiological properties and potential health benefits due to the presence of compounds such as polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, caffeine, and purine alkaloids. Tea is produced in three types as green tea (unfermented), oolong tea (partially fermented), and black tea (fully fermented). Black tea is consumed worldwide, whereas green and oolong teas are consumed mainly in Asia and North Africa. The total tea production in the world consists of about 78% black tea, 20% green tea and

Download Full-text