scholarly journals Comparison of Broadcast and Row Planting Methods on Growth, Grain yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Khost Province, Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yar Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Jan Arian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Planting Method

Appropriate planting method is an important work from the agronomic practices for the high and qualitative yield of wheat crop according to the agro - ecological condition of one area. This study was conducted to investigate the agronomic performance of three wheat varieties (Junt 01, Kabul 013 and Lalmi 04) in two planting methods (broadcast and row methods) in the growing season of 2019 - 2020 in Nadir shah kot District, Khost Province. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block with three replications. Planting method differed significantly (p < 0.05) for days to heading (DH) 50%, plant height (PH) and significantly (p<0.01) for grain yield (GY). Row planting methods had superior means of the mentioned traits compare to broadcast method. In case of varieties, also were significant differences (p<0.01). Junt 01 variety produced the highest GY followed by Kabul 013 and Lalmi 01 produced the lowest GY. From the study found that the above mentioned varieties to be cultivated in row planting method under Khost climate conditions, and can be used in local studied area.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Yossif ◽  
Sait Gezgin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

Alternatives to summerfallow and subsequent wheat and barley yield on a Dark Brown soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Suitable Alternative

A number of alternative options to summerfallow are feasible on the Dark Brown soils of the Canadian prairies. These include recropping to cereal or pulse crops, as well as use of summerfallow substitute crops, such as legume green manures. The objective of this study was to evaluate these options for their impact on the productivity of subsequent crops. Green-manure lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.), incorporated at either the bud or full-bloom stage of growth, field pew (Pisum sativum L.), grain lentil, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown as grain were compared with conventional summerfallow for their impact on yield of a succeeding wheat crop and of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown the year after wheat on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil at Scott, Saskatchewan. During the 5-yr period, 1984–1988, above-ground dry-matter production of green-manure lentil averaged 500 kg ha−1 at the bud stage of growth but more than doubled to 3170 kg ha−1, by full bloom. Grain yield of field pea averaged 1470 kg ha−1, while that of grain lentil, unfertilized wheat, and N-fertilized wheat averaged 1220, 1290 and 1490 kg ha−1, respectively. Considerable year-to-year yield variation occurred with all crops, variability being greatest for lentil. Yield of wheat grown after lentil green manure was similar to yield of wheat on summerfallow (2340 kg ha−1) during each of the 5 yr for both early (2360 kg ha−1) and late (2250 kg ha−1) incorporation. Wheat yield after pea (2210 kg ha−1) or grain lentil (2080 kg ha−) was reduced in 1987, but it was equal to wheat yield after summerfallow during the remaining 4 yr. Yield of wheat on wheat stubble, whether fertilized with N (1830 kg ha−1) or not (1610 kg ha−1), was generally lower than on summerfallow. Yield of barley grown the following year was generally unaffected by summerfallow or summerfallow substitute treatments. The higher value and similar productivity of pea and grain lentil, compared with wheat, combined with their favourable impact on subsequent wheat yield, should make these crops attractive alternatives to summerfallow. On fields unsuited to pea or grain lentil production, lentil green manures may be a suitable alternative to summerfallow because they should reduce soil degradation, although lentil green manures leave little residue to protect against soil erosion where through incorporation is practised. Summerfallow or green manure incorporated early or late generally resulted in greater available soil water and N for a succeeding crop than did grain lentil, pea or wheat. Key words: Green manuring, legume effect, recropping, lentil, grain yield, summerfallow alternatives

scholarly journals Zinc Biofortification in the Grains of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Through Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Das ◽  
M. Jahiruddin ◽  
M. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Zn Concentration

We examined the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilization on wheat, focusing on yield and biofortification in the grains of two wheat varieties. Five Zn rates, i.e., 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> applied as ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O (23% Zn), and two wheat varieties, i.e., ‘BARI Gom-25’ and ‘BARI Gom-26,’ were used in the study. All plant characteristics, except 1,000-grain weight and plant height, i.e., tillers plant<sup>−1</sup>, spikes m<sup>−2</sup>, spike length, spikelets spike<sup>−1</sup>, and grains spike<sup>−1</sup>, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization. Treatment with 3.0 kg Zn ha<sup>−1</sup> (Zn<sub>3.0</sub>) produced the highest grain yield (3.90 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), which was statistically similar to Zn<sub>4.5</sub> and Zn<sub>6.0</sub> treatments. The control treatment (Zn<sub>0</sub>) produced the lowest grain yield (2.99 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). The concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by Zn treatment. The crop varieties did not differ significantly in terms of N and Zn concentrations. However, the grain Fe concentration was remarkably higher in ‘BARI Gom-26’ than in ‘BARI Gom-25.’ The grain N and protein concentrations increased linearly with the Zn application rate. The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line, indicating that the concentration of Zn in wheat grain increased with Zn fertilization; however, it attained a maximum value in the Zn<sub>4.5</sub> treatment, after which it declined with higher rate of Zn application. The application of Zn at the rate of 4.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> resulted in the highest Zn fortification (39.7 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) in wheat grains, which was 17.1% higher than in the control treatment. The response curve showed that 4.62 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for ‘BARI Gom-25’ and 3.94 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for ‘BARI Gom-26’ were the optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yield. However, 5.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> was the optimum Zn rate for obtaining higher Zn fortification in wheat grains.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Genotypes to Different Levels of Nitrogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Shukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Bedanand Chaudhary ◽  
Bibek Sapkota ◽  
Rudra Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
N Use

A field experiment was conducted using six genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for response to different levels of nitrogen (N) use.  The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) as main plots and six wheat genotypes (BL 3623, BL 3629, BL 3872, NL 1008, NL 1055 and Vijay, a check variety) as sub-plots.  Grain yield and other yield components increased linearly in response to N concentrations in both seasons.  Only two parameters: days to heading (DOH) and days to maturity (DTM) varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among wheat genotypes in both the years.  None of the parameters showed interaction effects in both seasons. Vijay showed highest grain yield of 3.12 t ha-1 in 2013 with the application of 100 kg N ha-1, and 3.23 t ha-1 in 2014 with 150 kg N ha-1. Spike length, productive tillers m-2, number of spikes m-2 and test weight were greater with higher N rates. The straw yield of wheat fertilized with 150 kg N ha-1 was the highest in Vijay (4.35 t ha-1) and BL 3872 (4.33 t ha-1), respectively.  Vijay with 100 kg N ha-1 produced the highest number of productive tillers m-2 (276.33) in 2013 and 296.00 with the application of 150 kg N ha-1 in 2014.

scholarly journals Herbicide Use Strategy and Its Economy as a Weed Management Option in Wheat Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
MG Mostafa ◽  
MF Karim ◽  
HMMT Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed pressure is an additional threat to high temperature stressed wheat crop for its optimum production. A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during Rabi 2017-2018 to assess the response of wheat varieties to different weed managements and its economical viability. As such three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29, and BARI Gom-30 along with five weed managements viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 spray at 5 DAS as pre-emergence, Affinity 50.75 WP (Isoproturon) @ 1500 g ha-1 spray at 25 DAS as post-emergence and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Affinity 50.75 WP (Isoproturon) @ 1500 g ha-1 at 5 & 25 DAS were treatment variables tested under split plot design.Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colona, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa,etc.werethe major weeds as determined based on their field intensity.Results revealed that BARI Gom-30 out-yielded other varieties with the highest grain yield (3.01 t ha-1). Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC at 5 DAS proved as suitable weed management compared to other methods. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC @ 2000 ml ha-1 spray at 5 DAS as pre-emergence gave higher yield and yield attributes while BARI Gom-28 under no weeding check showed lower grain yield (2.09 t ha-1). Economically maximum gross return (Tk.75761.52ha-1),net income (Tk.21775.92ha-1), and BCR (1.41) were associated with Panida 33EC treatment when minimum values were obtained in the control plot (no weeding). So, the application of pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33EC might be economically viable weed management ensuring a higher yield in wheat cultivation. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 119-125

scholarly journals Heat unit requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different thermal and moisture regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
HIMANI BISHT ◽  
D.K. SINGH ◽  
SHALOO ◽  
A.K. MISHRA ◽  
A. SARANGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

An experiment was conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at WTC, ICAR-IARI New Delhi on wheat crop sown on three dates (15th November, 30th November and 15th December) with five irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the number of days required for attaining different phenological stages decreased with delay in sowing.For all the phenological stages, crop sown on 15th November consumed higher heat units and consequently resulted in higher yield and heat use efficiency (HUE) than that of other sowing. However, higher pheno-thermal index (PTI) values were observed for the late sown crop i.e. 15th December. Further, among the irrigation treatments, five irrigations throughout the growing period showed increase in days to physiological maturity as well as heat units and HUE for grain and biological yield as compared to other treatments. Five irrigations throughout the growing period increased the grain yield by 69 per cent and biological yield by 46 per cent that that of one irrigation at CRI stage. However, there was no significant difference observed between four and five irrigations levels. The heat units or GDD had highly significant correlation with biological yield(r=0.91) as well as with the grain yield (r=0.85).

scholarly journals Combining Protein Content and Grain Yield by Genetic Dissection in Bread Wheat under Low-Input Management

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Yonggui Xiao ◽  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Conventional Management

The simultaneous improvement of protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-input management enables the development of resource-use efficient varieties that combine high grain yield potential with desirable end-use quality. However, the complex mechanisms of genotype, management, and growing season, and the negative correlation between PC and GY complicate the simultaneous improvement of PC and GY under low-input management. To identify favorable genotypes for PC and GY under low-input management, this study used 209 wheat varieties, including strong gluten, medium-strong gluten, medium gluten, weak gluten, winter, semi-winter, weak-spring, and spring types, which has been promoted from the 1980s to the 2010s. Allelic genotyping, performed using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) technology, found 69 types of GY-PC allelic combinations in the tested materials. Field trials were conducted with two growing season treatments (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and two management treatments (conventional management and low-input management). Multi-environment analysis of variance showed that genotype, management, and growing season had extremely substantial effects on wheat GY and PC, respectively, and the interaction of management × growing season also had extremely significant effects on wheat GY. According to the three-sigma rule of the normal distribution, the GY of wheat varieties Liangxing 66 and Xinmai 18 were stable among the top 15.87% of all tested materials with high GY, and their PC reached mean levels under low-input management, but also stably expressed high GY and high PC under conventional management, which represents a great development potential. These varieties can be used as cultivars of interest for breeding because TaSus1-7A, TaSus1-7B, TaGW2-6A, and TaGW2-6B, which are related to GY, and Glu-B3, which is related to PC, carry favorable alleles, among which Hap-1/2, the allele of TaSus1-7A, and Glu-B3b/d/g/i, the allele of Glu-B3, can be stably expressed. Our results may be used to facilitate the development of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties under low-input management, which is critical for sustainable food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Characterization of Agronomical and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium Head Blight Pressure in Different Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Josipa Cosic ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Georg Drezner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties

For food security, it is essential to identify stable, high-yielding wheat varieties with lower disease severity. This is particularly important due to climate change, which results in pressure due to the increasing occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield under different environmental conditions. Twenty-five winter wheat varieties were evaluated under two treatments (naturally-disease infected (T1) and FHB artificial stress (T2)) during two growing seasons (2018–2019 to 2019–2020) in Osijek and in 2019–2020 in Tovarnik. The interaction between varieties and different environments for grain yield was described using the additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) effects model. The Kraljica and Fifi varieties were located near the origin of the biplot, thus indicating non-sensitivity to different environmental conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to understand the trait and environmental relationships. PC1 alone contributed 42.5% of the total variation, which was mainly due to grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and test weight in that respective order. PC2 contributed 21.1% of the total variation mainly through the total sedimentation value, test weight, wet gluten and protein content ratio (VG/P) and wet gluten content, in descending order.

scholarly journals The Drought Effect on Morphophysiological Parameters and Crop Performance Indicators of the Studied Local Wheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
T. Tamrazov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Experimental Base

Drought stress is the most important factor and an increasingly serious problem limiting the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. / Triticum durum) in the world. Wheat possesses physiological mechanisms that allow it to adapt to the stress of drought and can vary depending on the genotype. The studies were carried out on wheat genotypes at the Absheron Experimental Base Station of the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. The experiment was designed in a factorial design with two treatments (irrigated and non-irrigated) and three repetitions during the 2020–2021 harvest season. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between treatments and between varieties. The treatment × cultivar interaction was also significant for all traits, with the exception of grain per plant yield. Significant interactions showed that varieties performed differently under stressful conditions, but consistently with respect to grain yield. The studied varieties Giymatly-2/17, Gunashly and Tale-38 showed a minimal decrease in physiological characteristics, as well as in yield characteristics under stress during flowering, however, a decrease from low to high was observed under stress conditions compared with no stress. Correlations between morphological, physiological, and morphophysiological traits such as plant height, number of grains per ear, seed index, grain yield per plant, yield index, relative water content, stomatal conductance, leaf area and ear fertility have generally been reliable indicators for screening for drought tolerant wheat varieties and potentially higher yields. In addition, it is observed that improvement in any of these traits will lead to an increase in grain yield under water stress conditions.

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