scholarly journals To Determine the Structure and Function of Bhagar Oxbow Lake in Dumraon, Buxar, South Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Suday Prasad ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Tapan Gorai ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
And Function ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Percent Area

The paper deals with the structure, function, and fisheries resources of Bhagar lake, South        Bihar, one of the oxbow lakes in Dumraon (un-reported and un-described), from February           2018 to January 2020 under the state non plan research project. This lake is spread from          Nauki par (Chakki) to Nainijore (Brahampur), Dumraon, (Buxar) with a large size wetland in dimension of 20 km length & 1 km width. Bhagar oxbow lake is U shaped, hydrological closed lentic type meander of the Ganga river, it is fed by the monsoon runoff and ingress of flood water from the river Dharmawati. The water depth of lake ranges between 1.5 to 3 meters in summer and depth 4 to 6 meters during the Monsoon months. Water temperature ranged from 16°C (January) to 30°C (August) whereas the pH value of lake water was found within 7.0 to 7.8. In aspect of biological properties of the lake, it was highly infested with submerged vegetation with dominancy of Hydrilla cillata and floating aquatic weeds (water hyacinth) such as Eichhormia crassipes with approximately 30 percent area coverage. This lake is rich sources of fishes with identified forty four species with example of annual fishes like Mystus spp., Puntius spp., Channa spp., Carps spp., small Macrobrachium spp. and several seasonal fishes, providing livelihood support to more than sixty five household, socio-cultural importance. It also gives protection to many wild mammals like Blackbucks (Antelope cervicapra), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) and Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) during summer time. This lake is also wintering ground of the migratory birds such as Heron and Crane.

scholarly journals PASSAGE OF WHEAT FIRE IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENT IN KURDISTAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Tariq & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Surface Burn ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The study was conducted to examine the effect of surface burn severity (Moderate, Severe and Unburned) of wheat straw on soil properties. The results showed statistical differences in some soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulk density and field capacity increased statistically by the severity of fire; however, porosity and infiltration rate were statistically lower in sever burned plot when compared to unburned plot. The chemical properties, soil organic matter (SOM), P, Ca, S, Cl, K, Mo, Fe and As were not affected by the fire. The pH value was increased slightly by increasing the fire severity, while, EC was decreased when compared with the unburned plot. It was found a statistical reduction in the number of bacterial and fungal cells per gram soil in the burned plots. A moderate and severe fire reduced seed germination percentage significantly. This finding suggests that fire severity may destruct the biological, physical and some of the chemical properties of the soil, and this may impact negatively on plant growth in the next growing season.

Sustainable aquaculture development in oxbow lakes with emphasis on the involvement of women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Pond Aquaculture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aquaculture Development ◽  
River Bend

Abstract A total of 600 oxbow lakes are located in the southwestern part of Bangladesh, covering 5,488 ha. An oxbow lake (baor) is an old cut-off river bend, usually in the shape of a horseshoe. Pond aquaculture for women was introduced in oxbow lakes in 1995-1996 to allow their active participation in aquaculture as a livelihood activity. The shallow and silted parts of the baor were excavated into 0.5 to 1.5 ha size fishponds. This study was conducted in 1999 in two selected oxbow lakes in Jessore district to assess the technological and socio-economic effects of fish farming groups (FFGs) and pond aquaculture in oxbow lakes with emphasis on the involvement of women. Three categories of questions (socio-economic, technical and gender) were asked of FFG members. This study shows that initially when the women became involved in pond excavation and dike compaction, as members of the FFGs, most of their men members did not like this. As Bangladesh is a Muslim-dominant country, there is a general idea among men that women should not work outside together with men. However, after a few years, once the success of the women's fish farming activities and marketing became clear, their social status and respect in the society and family increased through their active participation in this process. A total of 23 oxbow lakes in five districts around Jessore, covering 1,400 ha, have been handed over from the Ministry of Land to the Department of Fisheries (DOF). Subsequently, the DoF transferred the user-rights to the beneficiaries for a period of 50 years.

scholarly journals Structure-function relationships of stem cell factor: an analysis based on a series of human-murine stem cell factor chimera and the mapping of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Matous ◽  
K Langley ◽  
K Kaushansky
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
And Function

Although much is now known about the biological properties of the c-kit receptor and its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), little is known of the structural basis for the binding and function of this hematopoietic cytokine. By analyzing the activities of chimeric interspecies and homologue muteins and epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the human protein, we have found that three distinct regions of SCF are essential for full biological function. Homologue and interspecies swapping of polypeptide sequences between the amino terminus and G35, between L79 and N97, and between R121 and D128 reduced or eliminated the ability of the chimera to act in synergy with murine granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to promote hematopoietic colony formation. Moreover, a nonconformation-dependent MoAb that neutralizes human, but not murine SCF, was found to bind to residues within the L79-N97 segment of the human homologue. As these three regions localize to the putative first, third, and fourth helices of the protein, findings remarkably similar to previous studies of cytokines as diverse as growth hormone, GM-CSF, and interleukin (IL)-4, our results suggest that cytokines of multiple classes share a common functional organization.

scholarly journals Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on the Early Holocene Haelen sequence, near Roermond (southeastern Netherlands)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna A.A. Bos ◽  
Bas van Geel
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Meuse River

AbstractHigh-resolution Early Holocene palynological records from the middle Meuse River valley were missing until recently. In order to investigate environmental and inferred climate changes during the Preboreal, sediments from a former residual channel of the Meuse River near Haelen were studied. Detailed multi-proxy analyses, including microfossils, macroremains and loss-on-ignition measurements, were carried out at a high temporal resolution. An accurate chronology of the >1000-year-long record was provided by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C wiggle-match dating.The channel was abandoned during the late Younger Dryas, when accumulation started with gyttja. This period was characterised by an open landscape with herbaceous vegetation and dwarf shrubs. Patches of birch were present on the floodplains around depressions and (oxbow) lakes. Some pines survived the cold in sheltered locations. In the residual channel the water was flowing temporarily and aquatic plant communities developed with predominantly submerged taxa and algae. The shores were fringed by willows and sedges and were probably used as a watering place by large herbivores.Following the Late-glacial/Holocene climate warming, dated in the Haelen record around 11,520 cal BP, birch woodlands expanded on the river floodplains and slopes of terraces during the Friesland Phase. Open vegetation with herbs and juniper remained present on the nearby terraces. An increase in the water level of the oxbow lake and seepage of groundwater occurred. Along the shores herbaceous vegetation was present. Around 11,420 cal BP, birch expansion was interrupted by the dry continental Rammelbeek Phase. On the river floodplain and terrace slopes, open grassland vegetation developed and on the terraces, grasslands and open grounds were abundant. In the residual channel the water became stagnant and floating-leaved vegetation developed. At the start of the Late Preboreal, around 11,270 cal BP, a sudden shift to a more humid climate took place and birch forests expanded again on the river floodplains and terrace slopes. Poplar became more abundant in these forests, and birch and poplar swamp forests were present near the site. Pine expanded atc. 11,160 cal BP on the higher sandy and gravelly terraces. During the Late Preboreal a reed swamp developed on the shores of the residual channel.At the onset of the Boreal, around 10,710 cal BP, woodlands, initially with hazel, but later also with oak, elm and lime, started to develop, while pine forest remained present on the higher terraces. Hazel shrubs were growing on the terrace slopes. Birch and poplar forests occurred on moist parts of the floodplains. Around the residual channel they formed a zone behind the reed swamps surrounding the oxbow lake. Vegetation with water lilies was present in open water.The Haelen record shows, despite a lack of archaeological evidence, indications for the presence of Mesolithic people in the area during the Preboreal. These include the occurrence of (natural or man-made) fires, in combination with the presence of trampled areas and disturbed grounds and possibly consumption of Nymphaeaceae seeds and tubers.

scholarly journals “Smoke pH”: A Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rodgman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Nicotine Level ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractThe analytical methods developed since the 1950s to determine the “smoke pH” of cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS) are reviewed. Most of the methods involve averaging the values obtained with all the puffs from a cigarette or averaging values from the total number of puffs from several cigarettes plus solution of the MSS in various quantities of water prior to pH determination. “Smoke pH” values thus obtained have little relevance to the situation involving a smoker who smokes a cigarette one puff at a time. In the human biological situation, the smoke components must traverse a layer of buffered fluid separating the smoke-filled respiratory tract cavity and the underlying tissue. Seldom is the effect of either the volume or the pH of the buffered fluid taken into account in determining the “smoke pH” of cigarette MSS taken one puff at a time. While numerous recent discussions have dealt with the effect of pH on the nature (degree of protonation) of nicotine in cigarette MSS and its rate of absorption by the smoker, seldom is the volume and/or pH of oral cavity saliva or of the fluid coating the lung surface considered in the assessment of either the nature or absorption of nicotine by the smoker. If the degree of protonation of nicotine be pH dependent, then the degree of protonation of nicotine as it traverses the film of fluid separating the respiratory tract cavity and the underlying tissue must be dependent on the pH of the buffered fluid and not on the “smoke pH” per se. Statements that adjustment of the “smoke pH” by ammoniation of one or more tobacco blend components increases both the level of MSS nicotine and its rate of absorption, thus resulting in greater consumer acceptance and continuation of smoking, fail to take into account the other changes that occur in the MSS composition to enhance its consumer acceptability. Inclusion of modest percentages of ammoniated tobacco in the blend increases the “smoke pH” of the MSS but does not necessarily increase MSS nicotine level. Not only are the MSS levels of several low molecular acids, aldehydes, and ketones known to be respiratory tract irritants substantially reduced but also the MSS levels of several highly flavorful pyrazines are substantially increased. These MSS composition changes yield an MSS classified as milder and more flavorful and whose consumer acceptability is considerably enhanced. Until the pH of MSS is determined on a per puff basis in a system simulating that in the oral cavity or the lung of the smoker, the nature of specific smoke components at the time of contact and their reactivity with respiratory tract tissue remain highly speculative. “Smoke pH” value for MSS, like the “tar” value for MSS, provides little, if any, useful information about the chemical composition of the source of the MSS or about its chemical and biological properties.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity and physico-chemical analysis of Campomanesia rufa (O.Berg) Nied. fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Aparecida Ferreira de Abreu ◽  
Renato Paiva ◽  
Judith Georgette Alcalde Mosqueira ◽  
Michele Valquíria dos Reis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Silva Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Water Content

ABSTRACT Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. is a native Cerrado species that presents great edible potential. However, it is a species “in danger of extinction” as recommended by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). No technical and scientific information about the species exists, thus demonstrating the importance of its research. The present work aimed at the physical and chemical characterization of immature and mature C. rufa fruits. The fruits showed a change in coloration from green (b * = 25.11, h = 122.43) to yellowish-green (b * = 34.26 , h = 115.73), an increase in mass (6.54 g to 10.88 g), diameter (23.76 mm to 28.03 mm) and soluble solids (8.00 to 10.80%). The fruits presented high levels of total (1246.35 mg 100 g-1) and soluble pectin (195.93 mg 100 g-1), high water content (78.86 g 100 g-1), low pH value (3.40), and high citric acid content (1.2%). However, the fruits had low protein (0.81 g 100 g-1), lipid contents, and low caloric values (64.76 kcal 100 g-1). The fruits presented significant values of carotenoids, phenolic compounds (312.47 mg 100 g-1), vitamin C (263.60 mg 100 g-1) as well as good in vitro antioxidant activity (1862.81 µM g-1). The results obtained indicate that C. rufa fruits showed a similar composition to the fruits of other Campomanesia species, and their biological properties should be investigated additionally under in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals Peran Limbah Bahan Organik Pada Lubang Resapan Biopori Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Di Lahan Pasca Tambang

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Raziv Rahman ◽  
Emmy Sri Mahreda ◽  
Basir Basir ◽  
Bdaruddin Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Biopore infiltration hole are hole made for run-off flow which if allowed to cause erosion and can remove the topsoil, causing soil fertility to be reduced. The use of biopori infiltration holes can be maximized by adding organic matters into the hope that in addition to absorbing water it can increase soil fertility. The liquid waste of tofu and meranti litter is an organic matters are used in this study, by adding organic matters to the biopori hole. This study aims to look at the effect of providing organic matters in the biopore hole derived from tofu and litter liquid waste on the value of pH, C-Organic, and post-mining CEC. This study was an experimental study in the field using a completely randomized design of one factor, namely organic matters with six levels, namely without organic matters and using 25 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 gr organic matters given to the biopori hole in incubation for one month later Soil samples taken were analyzed for pH, C-organic, and CEC. The results showed that the treatment only affected the soil's pH value. Organic material provided in the biopori hole is thought to have not completely decomposed, causing the soil around the biopori infiltration hole to remain acidic. The acidity of the soil is due to the gases produced during the decomposition process. Changes in soil pH ranged from 4.36 to 4.65 by administering 75g of organic matters from tofu liquid waste and meranti litter. This research is useful in post-mining land reclamation in increasing soil fertility, with the improvement of soil chemical properties such as pH will slowly improve the physical and biological properties of the soil so that it can be used as cultivation land.

scholarly journals The influence of the introduction of rice bran on fermented milk drink

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (96) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
M. Samilyk ◽  
X. Qin ◽  
Y. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fermentation Time

Rice bran is an agro-industrial waste with excellent nutritional value and a considerable content of bioactive compounds. Biotransformation processes by fermented milk drink fermentation increase the interest in obtaining products from agro-industrial wastes with good biological properties. The viability of introducing rice bran (RB) into fermented milk drinks to improve the structural stability and sensory was studied. Fermented milk drink supplemented with 0, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 % amount of RB were studied. Samples were stored for 28 days at 4 ± 1 °C. Samples composition was studied, Physicochemical properties (total titratable acidity, apparent viscosity, and pH) and consumer’s acceptability of fermented milk drinks were determined at 0, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days of storage. Studies showed that rice bran wan rich in dietary fiber (28.57 %), fat (21.56 %), and protein (11.18 %). The introduction of RB showed a significant influence on these parameters (P < 0.05). The introduction of RB would significantly improve the value of titratable acidity and apparent viscosity and decrease pH value. The more rice bran was added, the higher the values of titratable acidity and apparent viscosity were. The lower the pH value was, which could shorten the fermentation time, improve the texture stability, save production cost. The storage period could significantly influence the value of titratable acidity, pH, and apparent viscosity. The longer the storage period was, the higher the titratable acidity values were, the lower the pH value was caused by the post-fermentation of fermented milk drink. The apparent viscosity showed a trend of rising first and falling then during the storage period. The introduction of RB could significantly influence the sensory characteristic (color, consistency, sour, and texture). The introduction of RB would lead to whey separation and rough structure. Fermented milk drink supplemented with 0.1 % RB showed higher sensory acceptance. The best shelf life of the sample is 14 days，during which time fermented milk drink was of the best quality. RB is a kind of raw material with bright application prospects in a fermented milk drink.

scholarly journals Plankton communities in oxbow lakes of the River Vistula (Oświęcim Basin) with bottom sediments heterogeneously contaminated with heavy metals

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gadzinowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Plankton Communities

Abstract This study presents plankton communities (phytoplankton and zooplankton) in the three reservoirs of the River Vistula’s oxbow lake near Zator (Oświęcim Basin). Selected physicochemical parameters of the oxbow lake waters and the bottom sediments were analysed. Aquatic ecosystems in the investigated area have been heterogeneously contaminated with heavy metals (mostly by zinc, cadmium, lead and chromium), because of contaminated waters of the Vistula, and with manganese and iron. The highest differences were observed between Krajskie and Miejsce oxbow lakes among chlorides and the conductivity of the water and among Cr and Fe in the bottom sediments. This indicates a strong influence of the River Vistula. The plankton structure was different in each of the oxbow lakes. The index of taxa similarity showed also differences in the structure of plankton in oxbow lakes, which was convergent with the chemical parameters of oxbow lakes. The index of taxa similarity was similar for all three oxbow lakes only for one group of algae (Chlorophyta) and one group of plankton animals (Rotatoria). Lower similarity was shown between one oxbow lake impacted by the River Vistula (Krajskie) and another oxbow lake completely separated from the River Vistula (Oko).

scholarly journals A Concise Review on the Molecular Structure and Function Relationship of β-Glucan

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Maninder Meenu ◽  
Hongzhi Liu ◽  
Baojun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

β-glucan is a non-starch soluble polysaccharide widely present in yeast, mushrooms, bacteria, algae, barley, and oat. β-Glucan is regarded as a functional food ingredient due to its various health benefits. The high molecular weight (Mw) and high viscosity of β-glucan are responsible for its hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties. Thus, β-glucan is also used in the food industry for the production of functional food products. The inherent gel-forming property and high viscosity of β-glucan lead to the production of low-fat foods with improved textural properties. Various studies have reported the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its functionality. The structural characteristics of β-glucan, including specific glycosidic linkages, monosaccharide compositions, Mw, and chain conformation, were reported to affect its physiochemical and biological properties. Researchers have also reported some chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments can successfully alter the molecular structure and functionalities of β-glucan. This review article attempts to review the available literature on the relationship of the molecular structure of β-glucan with its functionalities, and future perspectives in this area.

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