scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Malnutrition in under Five Children in Selected Health Facilities in Egume, Kogi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Achadu Abraham Eleojo ◽  
Umeh Chisom Charles ◽  
Onoja Inikpi
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
And Gender

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in under five children in selected health facilities in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with historic data that assessed the Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition of under-five children in selected health facilities in Egume Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State. Study Area: The study was conducted at General Hospital and St. Luke clinic in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State. Methodology: The study focused on Mothers and their under five children who were treated as in- or out- patients at the General Hospital and St. luke clinic Egume within the past five years, Interview was conducted with the aid of a validated, questionnaire, after obtaining informed consent from mothers and ethical clearance from the Health Research Ethics Committee, Kogi State Ministry of Health. Data was obtained through reviews of available health records. Anthropometric measurement was carried out following standard procedures. Results: The study showed that 21.3%, 25.6%, 47.4% and 5.7% of the sampled children were mildly undernourished, moderately undernourished, severely undernourished and healthy respectively. Conclusion: The present study further revealed that a child’s age and gender, mother’s education and nutrition and other health variables such as clean water and toilet are determinants of child malnutrition.

scholarly journals Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Dhriti Chugh ◽  
Ashish Patyal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Medha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Mothers Regarding Child Safety at Home among Under Five Children and Its Correlation with Sociodemographic Details

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
L. M. Gauthamme Sai ◽  
Radha Kumar ◽  
Vemulapalli Harsha
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
At Home

Background: Young children are prone for accidental injuries in the home environment and these injuries can be easily prevented by better supervision and improving safety in the home. Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding child safety in under five children at home and its correlation with sociodemographic details. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital at Kancheepuram. The duration of the study was 2 months. Mothers with at least one child under 5 years of age who visited the pediatrics outpatient department during the study period were included in the study. The sample size was 160. After obtaining approval from the institutional review board (approval no SMC/IEC/2021/03/046) a self designed and validated questionnaire was administered to the participants after obtaining consent. The data was entered into an excel sheet and analysed using SPSS 24. Results: A total of 160 mothers of under five children who visited the outpatient department of pediatrics during the study period were included in the study.  The mean age of mothers was 25 years. 73.12% of mothers who participated in the study had adequate knowledge about child safety at home and 53.12% mothers had adequate practice. The association of knowledge towards child safety at home and mothers’ education was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Graduate mothers were found to have more knowledge regarding child safety at home among under five children than mothers educated upto middle school and high school. The association of practice towards child safety and type of family was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.016). Mothers belonging to joint families were found to have better practices towards child safety than mothers belonging to nuclear and three generation families. 65% of the mothers stated that their child has suffered from home injuries earlier including minor and major injuries. 41.8% of mothers said that they have a first aid kit at home. Conclusion: Although most of the mothers had adequate knowledge towards child safety at home among under five children, half of the mothers lacked adequate practice towards child safety. Hence it is essential to counsel and educate mothers to improve practices at home that would be beneficial in improving child safety.

scholarly journals Pneumonia among Under-Five Children in Northwest Ethiopia: Prevalence and Predictors—A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zewudu Andualem ◽  
Tsegaye Adane ◽  
Abiye Tigabu ◽  
Walelign Worku Yallew ◽  
Sintayehu Daba Wami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Pneumonia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background. Acute respiratory infections in particular pneumonia constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age throughout the world. In Ethiopia, pneumonia continues to be the major childhood problem and killer, particularly in the study area. However, evidence dealing with the problem is still unavailable. The current study is aimed at determining the magnitude and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Gondar City. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in five randomly selected clusters/subcities of Gondar City. A total of 792 child-mother/caregiver pairs in the selected subcities/clusters were included. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used by trained supervisors through house-to-house visits to collect the data. Binary logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) was employed. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p<0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model. Results. The prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children in the current study was found to be 12% with 95% CI: 10% to 14.4%. The presence of unpaved road within 100 m of the house (AOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.41-3.66), living within 100 m of heavy traffic (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.19-3.16), the habit of not opening doors while cooking (AOR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62), the presence of cockroach infestation (AOR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.25-3.14), and new carpet in the house (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-3.03) were statistically significant variables associated with childhood pneumonia. Conclusions. This study indicated that the prevalence of childhood pneumonia is still high. As such, enhancing strategies that would address unpaved roads within 100 m of the house, living within 100 m of heavy traffic, the habit of not opening doors while cooking, cockroach infestation, and new carpet in the house to reduce the burden of childhood pneumonia needs to be advocated.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Undernutrition among Under-Five Children of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Ava Upadhyay Pokhrel ◽  
Surya Bahadur Parajuli ◽  
Alok Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

Introduction: Under-nutrition during childhood, a major public health problem of Nepal, can have everlasting consequences. It is one of the primary causes of ill health and premature deaths in many developing countries like Nepal.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of under-nutrition among under-five children of Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district of central Nepal.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district. Anthropometric measurement of children and information regarding nutrition along with different exposures were taken from 402 randomly sampled mothers. WHO criteria was used to compare with the calculated Z-score using Anthro V3.2.2 software. Informed consent was taken from concerned authority. Descriptive statistics were calculated and binary logistic regressions was used to determine the influence of selected variables for underweight.Results: Majority of the respondents were from relatively advantaged groups and house makers. Almost 54% of the children were boys and the greatest share of children was of age group 25-36 months. Almost one in 10 children of Bharatpur had lower weight-for-height score (wasted). Likewise, more than one quarter (26.4%) were stunted and another 13.4% were under-weight. Families with less than four family members were less likely to have under-weight children and those who had more than two children had more chance of having under-weight children (P=0.002). Children having diarrheal episodes within 2 weeks period of study had higher odds of being malnourished.Conclusion: The study shows that female children have higher risks of being malnourished. Higher prevalence of underweight was seen with the increasing age of children. The size of family also matters the nutrition status of children. It is recommended that Ministry of Health needs to have more attention for the necessary intervention addressing the combined exposures factors for underweight. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 266-272 

scholarly journals Paediatric morbidity and mortality in Sierra Leone. Have things changed after the 2014/2015 Ebola outbreak?

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Tom Sesay ◽  
Olga Denisiuk ◽  
Rony Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Sierra Leone was severely affected by the 2014/2015 Ebola outbreak which is likely to have had longer term repercussions on the health system including on paediatric morbidity and mortality. We thus assessed under-five morbidity and mortality for malaria, acute respiratory Infections (ARI)/pneumonia, watery diarrhoea and measles during the post-Ebola period in Sierra Leone and compared this with the pre- and intra-Ebola periods. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using program data from the District Health Information system (DHIS2) and sourced from 14 districts in Sierra Leone. It included under-five children from 1,250 health facilities country-wide. Study periods included: before (June 1 st, 2013-April 30 th, 2014); during (June 1 st, 2014-April 30 th, 2015); and after Ebola (June 1 st, 2016-April 30 th, 2017). Results: Malaria, ARI/pneumonia and diarrhoea consultations declined during Ebola but recovered to pre-Ebola levels in the post-Ebola period.  During the post-Ebola period, there was a highly significant reduction in case-fatality for the first three morbidities compared to the pre-Ebola period (P<0.0001). Average number of measles cases increased from 48/month in the pre-Ebola period to 568/month (12-fold increase) post-Ebola. Although there was no difference in measles case-fatality between the pre- and post-Ebola periods, case-fatality post-Ebola was significantly lower than during Ebola (Relative Risk: 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.15, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Consultations for under-five children at health facilities in Sierra Leone recovered to pre-Ebola levels and case-fatality for common childhood illnesses declined significantly. This is a change for the better. However, the high level of reported measles cases in the post-Ebola period indicates gaps in immune status and needs focused attention.

scholarly journals Paediatric morbidity and mortality in Sierra Leone. Have things changed after the 2014/2015 Ebola outbreak?

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Tom Sesay ◽  
Olga Denisiuk ◽  
Rony Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Sierra Leone was severely affected by the 2014/2015 Ebola outbreak and is likely to have had longer term repercussions on the health system including on paediatric morbidity and mortality. We thus assessed under-five morbidity and mortality for malaria, acute respiratory Infections (ARI)/pneumonia, watery diarrhoea and measles during the post-Ebola period in Sierra Leone and compared this with the pre- and intra-Ebola periods. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using program data from the District Health Information system (DHIS2) and sourced from 14 districts in Sierra Leone. It included under-five children from 1,200 health facilities country-wide. Study periods included: before (June 1st, 2013-April 30th, 2014); during (June 1st, 2014-April 30th, 2015); and after Ebola (June 1st, 2016-April 30th, 2017). Results: Malaria, ARI/pneumonia and diarrhoea consultations declined during Ebola but recovered to pre-Ebola levels in the post-Ebola period.  During the post-Ebola period, there was a highly significant reduction in case-fatality for the first three morbidities compared to the pre-Ebola period (P<0.0001). Average number of measles cases increased from 48/month in the pre-Ebola period to 568/month (12-fold increase) post-Ebola. Although there was no difference in measles case-fatality between the pre- and post-Ebola periods, case-fatality post-Ebola was significantly lower than during Ebola (Relative Risk: 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.15, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Consultations for under-five children at health facilities in Sierra Leone recovered to pre-Ebola levels and case-fatality for common childhood illnesses declined significantly. This is a change for the better. However, the high level of reported measles cases in the post-Ebola period indicates gaps in immune status and needs focused attention.   

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

Pattern of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Among Anemic Under-Five Children of Northern Bangladesh: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rafi ◽  
M. Morsed Zaman ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hemoglobin E ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background Congenital hemoglobin defects are significant global health concern affecting more than 330,000 newborns every year. In Bangladesh more than half of the under-five children are anemic, but the contribution of hemoglobin disorders to childhood anemia is quite unexplored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of hemoglobinopathies among anemic under-five (age 6–59 months) children visiting the hematology department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study among anemic patients aged between 6 to 59 months conducted in the hematology department of RMCH from July 2018 to June 2020. The guideline of WHO was used to define the severity of anemia. Hemoglobinopathies was measured using standard methods. Chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical factors. Results Female and younger children included in the study were more likely to suffer from moderate to severe form of anemia compared to their counterparts. Out of 534 patients 183 were suffering from different types of hemoglobinopathies (prevalence 34.3%). E-β-Thalassemia was the most common type of hemoglobinopathy (14%) followed by Hemoglobin E trait (11%) and β-Thalassemia minor (5.6%). Prevalence of these hemoglobin disorders was comparatively higher among female and older children (p < 0.05). Patients with E-β-Thalassemia and β-Thalassemia major of our study were mostly suffering from severe form of anemia while patients with hemoglobin E trait and β-Thalassemia minor were mostly suffering from mild anemia (p < 0.01). Conclusions A remarkable number of children were suffering from severe anemia and different types of hemoglobinopathies. Gender and age group were the risk factors of anemia and hemoglobinopathies among under-five children. Health authorities of Bangladesh should especially take care of anemic children in this country.

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