scholarly journals Fungal Pathogens Associated with Damping-off Disease of Cashew Seedlings in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
O. O. Kolawole ◽  
C. I. Iloyanomon ◽  
M. O. Ogunlade
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Screen House

Aim: This study was designed to isolate fungal pathogens associated with damping-off of cashew seedlings. Study Design: The cashew seedlings for this study were selected randomly from a number of infected cashew seedlings in the screen house. Methodology: Associated fungal pathogens were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and identified using their characteristics and morphological features observed under the microscope with reference to published identification manuals. Results: The result showed that damping-off of cashew seedling is mostly associated with fungal pathogens such as such as Fusarium spp, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pythium spp., Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., Aspergillus niger, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. However, Fusarium spp, and Pythium spp. were predominant and frequently isolated than other pathogens. Conclusion: The knowledge of these pathogens is important for designing strategies to safeguard cashew plant health against diseases in order to ensure sustainable cashew production in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Detecção de Fungos em Sementes de Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Spolaor Fantinel ◽  
Luciana Magda de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Priscilla Félix Schneider ◽  
Emerson Couto da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

RESUMO Acca sellowiana é uma espécie frutífera nativa da Região Sul do Brasil que está despertando grande interesse econômico devido ao alto potencial organoléptico de seus frutos. A principal forma de propagação da espécie é via sexuada. Objetivando determinar a qualidade sanitária das sementes, foram comparadas três formas de detecção de fungos, com ou sem a assepsia superficial, em sementes oriundas de quatro municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e de três municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram testados os meios de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA), V8 (suco de tomate) e o método Blotter Test. Foram identificados os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Epicoccum sp. e Phomopsis sp. Os meios agarizados são mais sensíveis na detecção de fungos em sementes de goiaba serrana. A assepsia das sementes reduz a incidência de fungos infestantes.

scholarly journals Investigation of antagonistic activities of actinomycetes isolated from Cuc Phuong and Ba Be National Parks against four plant pathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Van ◽  
Dinh Thi Ngoc Mai ◽  
Le Thi Hoang Yen ◽  
Nguyen Hong Minh ◽  
Nguyen Kim Nu Thao
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Fungal diseases are a huge problem in agriculture, causing serious damage to annual crop yields worldwide. In order to control fungal pathogens in plants, using antagonistic microorganisms is a common approach, especially actinomycetes, as biocontrols considered to be very potential and safe for the environment. With the advantage of high levels of biodiversity, Vietnamese actinomycetes are of a valuable resource for finding strains that are capable of biocontrolling fungal pathogens in plants. Thus, in this study, 70 actinomycete strains were isolated from Cuc Phuong and Ba Be National Parks by four different isolation methods including rehydration centrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulfate – yeast extract, dry heating and dilution methods. Of these, 29 strains (41.4%) belong to rare actinomycete genera including Actinoplanes, Acrocarpospora, Dactylosporangium, Kineosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis and Pseudonocardia, which are rarely studied in Vietnam. Subsequently, 70 actinomycete strains were subjected to antagonistic activity assays against four highly pathogenic fungi in plants including Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici. The results showed that 80.5% of Streptomyces and 31% of rare actinomyces could inhibit the growth of at least one of the four pathogenic fungal strains. Moreover, ten actinmomycete strains were found to be able to inhibit three types of tested fungal pathogens, simutaneously. Especially, four actinomycete strains (VTCC-A-828, VTCC-A-671, VTCC-A-605, and VTCC-A-69), having the highest antagonistic activity against four fungal pathogens Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici, respectively, were selected. The results in this study indicate the great potential application for Vietnam's microorganisms in the field of plant protection.

scholarly journals A Study of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Post Harvest Losses of Pineapple Sold at Wudil and Yan Lemo Markets of Kano State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. M. Yahaya ◽  
A. B. Kamalu ◽  
M. U. Ali ◽  
M. Lawan ◽  
Y. S. Ajingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Two Samples

This research was conducted to determine the fungal pathogens responsible for post harvest losses of pineapple sold at Wudil and Yen lemo markets.  Two samples of pineapples were purchased twice a week from both Wudil and Yanlemo markets for four months. The samples were investigated for the presence of fungal pathogen using standard microbiological methods. The methods involve mounting small portion of pineapple in the plate containing Potato dextrose agar to isolate the fungi. Three fungal pathogens belonging to Aspergillus species were isolated, and Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of (50%). Followed by A. flavus with (27%). The A. fumigatus had the lowest frequency of occurrence of (23%). The differences between the fungal isolates recorded were significantly different (P<0.05) between the two markets, where higher fungal isolates were recorded at Yanlemo market 159 (40.6%) and Wudil 38 (9.71%). The study showed that the post harvest losses of pine apple in the two markets are attributed to fungal infection. Therefore, safe guarding the two markets from debris and dumps of rotten fruits and vegetable may assist in reducing fungal inoculums in the two markets.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
K. Sheh ◽  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
S. S. Noma ◽  
S. A. Yusif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

scholarly journals Study of Associated Fungal Pathogens on Seeds of Eruca sativa Mill., (Gargeer) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Sujata
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Humicola Insolens

The aim of the present study is to identification and classification of different associated fungi from the seeds of Eruca sativa. Total 10 species of fungal pathogens belonging to 7 genera are isolated from the Saudi (Ss) and Indian seeds of Eruca sativa. Saudi seeds affected by the fungal pathogens namely, A. niger, A. flavus, A fumigates, Mucor spp., Pencillium spp., while Indian seeds affected by Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigates, Aspergillus terreus, Pencillium spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Humicola insolens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum. However, many of the soil borne or seed borne associated fungal pathogens spread the diseases in plants as well as in human beings. So the present study reveals that, the proper identification of fungal pathogens and their symptoms are easily recognized. Then the prevention care could be taken during the agriculture and high yield produced before the spread of symptoms and diseases.

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

scholarly journals First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Chinese Rose in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Rivera ◽  
E. R. Wright ◽  
S. Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) is a shrub frequently planted in Argentina. In November 1999, dieback and anthracnose symptoms were detected on stems and leaves of plants cv. Hawaii cultivated in Buenos Aires. Disease prevalence was 50%. Pieces of infected tissues were surface-sterilized for 1 min in 2% NaOCl, plated on potato-dextrose agar and incubated at 24 ± 2°C. The isolate that was consistently recovered from diseased tissues was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., based on morphological characteristics (1,2). Teleomorph stage was not observed. Inoculation for pathogenicity testing was carried out by spraying a conidial suspension (6.5 × 106 conidia per ml) on plants with previously punctured leaves and pruned stems. Inoculated plants with unwounded tissues, as well as noninoculated controls, were included. Five replications of each treatment were done. Plants were incubated in moist chambers at 24°C. Whitish areas of 0.3 to 0.5 cm diameter surrounded by a purple halo developed on all punctured leaves within 10 days. Stem blight and leaf drop were observed. The center of the lesions was covered by black acervuli 14 days after inoculation. Unwounded and noninoculated controls remained symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated leaves, completing Koch's postulates. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing disease on Chinese rose in Argentina. References: (1) J. A. Bailey and M. J. Jeger, eds. 1992. Colletotrichum. CAB International, Surrey, England. (2) B. C. Sutton. 1980. The Coelomycetes. CMI, Kew.

scholarly journals Molds in museum environments: Biodeterioration of art photographs and wooden sculptures

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ljaljevic-Grbic ◽  
M. Stupar ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Ivana Maricic ◽  
Natasa Bungur
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio-deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ? 8.06 CFU m-3, and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.

Humoral encapsulation in Diptera (Insecta): defence reactions of Chironomus larvae against fungi

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Götz ◽  
A. Vey
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
Humoral Encapsulation ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Defence Reactions

Humoral encapsulation is an effective defence reaction against fungal pathogens. The development of injected spores in the haemocoele of Chironomus larvae may be completely (Aspergillus niger) or partially (Mucor hiemalis) prevented by this reaction. The encapsulation proceeds very rapidly; within 5 min of injection most of the spores are enclosed in a solid capsule. Disintegrating blood cells may participate in the formation of capsule substance, but this is not usually the case. Encapsulation also occurs within the cuticle against invading hyphae of Beauveria bassiana. Histochemical tests show that the capsule substance does not consist of polysaccharides; some tests for proteins and all tests for melanin were positive. The significance of melanin formation and the biochemistry of the phenoloxidase system in insects is discussed in detail. The data presented lead to the conclusion that humoral encapsulation is based upon an activation of phenoloxidases and that the capsule substance represents a polyphenol—protein complex. In contrast to current opinion, the formation of melanin in cellular as well as in humoral encapsulation is not considered to be a secondary process, independent of the actual encapsulation procedure. Instead, the authors interpret the presence of melanin as an indication of the activity of phenoloxidases which cause the formation of a capsule substance on the surface of the parasites.

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