scholarly journals Hearing Disorders among HIV Positive Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Charles Medo Vincent ◽  
Nsirimobu Ichendu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Use of antiretroviral drugs (ART) has changed the epidemiology of HIV disease, making it a chronic illness and with many people developing long term sequelae of the disease such as hearing loss. This study compared hearing disorders, its types and severity among children with and without HIV disease. Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study carried out among eligible patients who were HIV positive, aged 6 to 15 years recruited via systematic sampling method and matched by age and sex with HIV negative controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to extract the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, patients/caregivers awareness of hearing impairment and to document the otoscopic, Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry findings performed on the patients. CD4 count was done for all the study participants while all HIV positive patients were graded for severity using WHO clinical Staging. Obtained data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 400 children aged 6 years to 15 years were recruited for the study out of which 200 were HIV positive (cases), while 200 were HIV negative (controls). Otitis media with effusion, otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane were the predominant tympanometry and otoscopic findings.  Seventy-three (36.5%) of the HIV positive patients had hearing loss compared to 19(9.5%) of HIV negative patients and this was statistically significant (X2 = 41.1; p = 0.0001). Majority (95.9%) of persons with hearing loss had the conductive type and of mild degree 53 (72.6%). Only 3(4.1%) caregivers of the HIV positive children and 1 (5.6%) caregiver of the HIV negative children were aware of the hearing impairment in their children but none had complained to their primary health caregivers. Conclusion: This study has established a higher rate of hearing loss, of the conductive type and of mild degree among HIV positive patient. It is necessary to assess and monitor the hearing in HIV positive children by conducting interval PTA testing and Tympanometry to ensure timely intervention since parental awareness is poor.

scholarly journals Pure tone audiometric findings in HIV positive adults in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Ibekwe Matilda Uju ◽  
Alasia Datonye Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults

Background: It is known that HIV infection is a risk factor for hearing loss. Therefore this study is to determine the pattern and severity of hearing loss and whether there is a correlation between the CD4 count and hearing impairment in the HIV positive adult patients seen in the infectious outpatient clinic of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH).Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study of consecutive patients that are HIV positive seen in the infectious outpatient clinic of UPTH within a period of three months, from May to July of 2020. The biodata, history of hearing difficulties and management of the disease was obtained using a semi structured questionnaire. All the patients had otoscopy done and hearing assessment with pure tone audiometry (PTA). The analysis was done with the SPSS version 25 software at a 95% confidence interval and a p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The study involved 234 subjects comprising 127 males and 107 females. Hearing impairment was seen in n=113 (48.29%). The patients with CD4 count less than 500 cells/mm2 was found to have more hearing loss; 55.8% than those with counts greater than 500 cells/mm2. Age distribution was statistically significant with a p=0.0001.Conclusions:  The pure tone audiometric pattern in the majority of the studied population was more of CHL. The age, duration of ARVT and the CD4 count all had statistically significant association with hearing loss in the HIV positive adults. 

scholarly journals Alcohol Abuse and Stage of HIV Disease in Intravenous Drug Abusers

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerond Lake-Bakaar ◽  
Roger Grimson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abusers ◽  
Hiv Negative

Our objective was to identify factors that might correlate with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease stage in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Particular attention was given to alcohol abuse. We accordingly explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between stage of HIV disease and age, sex, needle sharing, ethnicity, self-reported history of alcohol consumption and CAGE scores. IVDA from a single municipal hospital were subdivided into three groups according to HIV disease status. Group 1 comprised 42 individuals with AIDS; group 2 comprised 114 who were HIV positive but without AIDS; and group 3 comprised 52 who were HIV negative. Information on alcohol consumption and CAGE responses were obtained by questionnaire and interview. Discriminant analysis indicated that alcohol abuse, assessed either by self-reported consumption or by CAGE scores, was significantly more common in the AIDS group than in either the HIV positive or the HIV negative groups, when controlled for age, sex, and needle sharing status. The relative risk of AIDS was 3.8 times higher in the heavy drinkers than in moderate drinkers. Needle sharing was also more common in the AIDS group than in the HIV positive or HIV negative groups when the other factors were controlled for. AIDS was more common in black than white IVDA, and this increased frequency did not appear related to alcohol consumption since the distribution of heavy drinkers within each category of HIV disease did not differ within the ethnic groups. These data indicate that a history of heavy alcohol consumption is more common in IVDA with AIDS than in IVDA at earlier stages of HIV disease.

A study on the proportion of hearing impairment among percussionists in Thrissur district of Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency A. T. ◽  
Sarangi . ◽  
Sebastian Roy ◽  
Shalu Sara Mathew ◽  
Shamseena A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Mild Degree

Background: Hearing loss is a cause of global concern. Percussionists are exposed to greater levels of continuous or intermittent noise than others. Little is known about the relationship between percussion activity and hearing impairment. The early detection of the same and subsequent management makes a significant reduction in the burden of health care services. The objective was to study the proportion of hearing impairment in percussionists in the district of Thrissur using an IOS based mobile application.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on percussionists from Thrissur district who has experience of more than five years and has no congenital or traumatic hearing loss. A predesigned semi structured questionnaire was given and hearing tests were done using a mobile application U hear in a sound proof setting to understand the current state of hearing ability amoung the percussionists.Results: A total of 39 subjects were involved in our study of which all were males. Mean age of our study population was 30.44+12.04. most of them were diagnosed with at least mild degree of hearing loss of one of the ear or both the ears. 15.4% of them had mild degree of hearing loss, 64.1% had moderate degree of hearing loss and 20.5% had severe hearing loss.Conclusions: The study shows percussionists are more exposed to sounds of various frequencies for longer duration, they are more prone to hearing loss. The study brought out that age is directly proportional to hearing loss, music induced hearing loss progress at a rate proportion to the work experience. 

scholarly journals Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in HIV-positive and HIV-negative multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashneem Harris ◽  
Soraya Bardien ◽  
H Simon Schaaf ◽  
Lucretia Petersen ◽  
Greetje De Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Survey of hearing disorders in an urban population in Rondonia, Northern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecilia Bevilacqua ◽  
Marcos Roberto Banhara ◽  
Ariadnes Nobrega de Oliveira ◽  
Adriane Lima Mortari Moret ◽  
Katia de Freitas Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

Impedance Audiometry Suggested

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
John A. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Verbal Development

The findings of Kaplan et al.1 with respect to impairment of verbal ability in Alaskan children with hearing loss greater than 25 dB ISO secondary to chronic suppurative otitis media warrant renewed attention to a similar otologic problem which constitutes a threat to the verbal development of a significant percentage of all children—hearing impairment secondary to chronic secretory otitis media. Although the hearing loss in chronic secretory otitis media may fluctuate, a significant conductive impairment will persist as long as fluid remains in the middle ear.

Clinical Features and Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in HIV-1 Positive and Negative Tanzanian Patients with Tuberculosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kennedy ◽  
Fiona M Whitelaw ◽  
Jacques Gutmann ◽  
Leslie Berger ◽  
Leonard Uiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Summary: Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum β2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum β2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/1) patients. Serum β2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum β2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.

Quality of life measures in otitis media

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Maile ◽  
R Youngs
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Quality Of Life Measures ◽  
Generic Measures ◽  
Disease Specific

AbstractDisabling hearing impairment is the world's most common disability. Traditionally, hearing levels measured by pure tone audiometry have been used to define and quantify hearing loss. The effects of disabling hearing loss on patients' quality of life can be profound, and audiometric data alone may not correlate with quality of life measures. Generic measures of quality of life can be used to compare different diseases, and as such are useful in resource allocation and burden of disease studies. Their disadvantage is that they are not disease-specific and can therefore under-estimate the effects of a disease on patients' quality of life. Disease-specific measures are more sensitive. In chronic otitis media, additional factors such as discharge augment the effect of hearing loss alone on quality of life. Many of the quality of life measures developed for chronic otitis media have been used to assess improvement following reconstructive surgery. Quality of life measures have also been used to assess the effect of paediatric otitis media. Quality of life measures also have utility in the developing world, where hearing impairment is a huge burden.

Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Vance ◽  
Joe W. Burrage
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.

A Prospective Study on Hearing Loss in Hypothyroidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
A Prospective Study

Thyroid hormone regulates the metabolism of all the cells of human body. The role of thyroid hormone is very essential in bodily growth and maturation of the nervous system. If thyroid gland decreases its secretion, it can affect any system of the body. The decreased from thyroid gland affects the auditory system. Thyroid hormone is very essential for not only the development but also functioning of cochlea. In addition to other systems, the auditory system is very sensitive to thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism causes mild to severe degree of hearing loss leading to auditory dysfunction. The objectives of the study was to measure the prevalence of hearing impairment among hypothyroid patients and to assess the hearing loss via tests among these patients. Thyroid disorder constitutes a spectrum of disease that occurs due to increase or decrease in thyroid hormones. Among these, the two important categories are due to thyroid over activity which is called as hyperthyroidism and thyroid lower activity which is called as hypothyroidism. Impairment with mild degree and it affects cochlea. Strict maintenance of thyroid hormone levels within normal range would help in reducing the cochlear damage, as evident from present study that longer the duration of hypothyroidism more is the proportion of hearing impairment.

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