scholarly journals Assessing the Nutrient Quality of Biofertilizer Produced from Organic Waste Using Lysinibacillus Macroides and Alcaligens Faecalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
V. Amadi ◽  
S. A. Wemedo ◽  
L. O. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
State University ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Biofertilizers are ecofriendly fertilizers that are produced via degradation of wastes by microorganisms. The efficiency of Lynsibacillus macroides and Alcaligens faecalis in the production of fertilizer from organic wastes was evaluated. The bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples collected from fallow patch of land in the Rivers State University farm using standard microbiological methods. The test bacteria were identified by conventional and molecular techniques. Organic wastes including cassava peels, elephant grass and poultry droppings used in this study were collected from the Rivers State University Farm. Three experimental treatments were used in this study; treatment 1 contains 300g of the composite substrate without any organisms and served as control, treatment 2 contains 300g of the composite substrate and 200ml of Lynsibacillus macroides while treatment 3 contains 300g of the composite substrate and 200ml of Alcaligenes faecalis. The treatments were allowed to degrade for 10 days. The pH, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total organic carbon were determined using standard analytical method. Means of physicochemical parameters in treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively were: pH 8.3±0.7, 8.6±0.4 and 9.0±0.3; Nitrogen: 2.63±0.08, 1.97±0.03 and 1.51±0.01; phosphorus: 4.71±0.01, 4.43±0.01 and 3.52±0.02; potassium: 604.10±2.12, 591.00±1.41421 and 504.20±2.83; total organic carbon: 31.75±0.78, 23.04±0.04 and 17.56±0.01 mg/kg. The treatment which was supplemented with Lysinbacillus macroides produced more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total organic carbon than treatment which was supplemented with A. faecalis. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between the quantity of nitrogen produced by L. macroides and A. faecalis. Although the amount of nitrogen produced by both organisms were significantly different from the control. More so, statistical analysis showed that the quantity of phosphorus, potassium and total organic carbon produced by L. macroides was significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) than those produced by A. faecalis and the control. Thus, Lynsibacillus macroides is a better biofertilizer producer than A. faecalis.

scholarly journals Total Organic Carbon Assessment in Soils Cultivated with Agave tequilana Weber in Jalisco, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Celia De La Mora-Orozco ◽  
José G. Flores-Garnica ◽  
Lucia M. Vega-Ramírez ◽  
Irma J. González-Acuña ◽  
Juan Nápoles-Armenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agriculture Management

The Agave tequilana Weber is an important commercial crop in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. However, the agave cultivation generates significant soil loss. For that reason, knowledge about the implementation of the agriculture management practices, such as manure application and the combination of inorganic fertilizers and manure, are relevant. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of agricultural management practices on the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil in three study locations: Arandas, Tepatitlán, and Acatic in the Altos Sur region of Jalisco. A random sampling was carried out in each study location, 12 samples were obtained for each location at 0–30 cm deep, and a total of 36 samples were analyzed. The evaluated parameters were the potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), soil-water saturation (SWS), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC). Basic statistics and correlations between parameters were generated. In addition, to estimate TOC from a multivariate analysis, models were developed based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) and of the classification and regression trees (CART). ANOVA and Tukey test were determined. Results demonstrated a significant difference in the TOC percentages between the study locations. The Tukey test showed that there is no difference in TOC content between the Tepatitlán and Arandas sites, but there is a difference between these two sites and the Acatic. The latter resulted with the lowest values of TOC. Long-term studies are recommended to develop crop management strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Use of Herbicides on Soil Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
L. E. Tudararo-Aherobo ◽  
T. L. Ataikiru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Farm Soils

Introduction: Herbicide application is a vital strategy of weed control. The effects of these chemicals on the non-target soil microorganisms are very intense; have adverse impact on physicochemical parameters of the soil, which in turn affect soil fertility and plant growth. Research Gap: There are insufficient literatures on extensive monitoring of the effects of prolonged herbicides use. Existing literatures concerning analysis of effect of prolonged herbicides application on soil are not comprehensive with respect to number of soil characteristics analyzed. Aim: This study assessed the effects of Atrazine and Glyphosate on physicochemical properties and microbial population of carrot and maize farm soils, exposed to prolonged use at Songhai Delta. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Songhai Delta farms and the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, from April to July, 2019. Methodology: These pesticides were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions at sublethal concentrations. Their effects on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and microbial populations at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were assessed using standard methods. Microbial counts were carried out for total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi using the pour plate method. Results: There were variations in the different properties of the carrot and maize farm soils. Soil pH was higher in maize farm (5.91±0.10) than in carrot farm (5.88±0.06) at the depth of 15-30 cm. The pH, total organic carbon, nitrate content had no significant difference while phosphate and microbial counts were significantly different at P=.05. Conclusion: This assessment has shown that the herbicides had no influence on pH, total organic carbon, nitrate but a negative one on bacterial and fungal populations with prolonged use. A modification in physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of soil could be used to predict the fertility and health status of soils.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Anya Ojiugo Hannah ◽  
Nwachuku Edna Ogechi ◽  
A. Waribo Hellen ◽  
Bartimaeus Ebirien-Agana Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between April 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: A total of 204 samples comprising of 123 auto-mechanics and 81 non -auto-mechanics were assayed. Detailed information of the bio-data of the subjects including age, gender, medical history, health information and lifestyle were obtained from each participant. Blood samples were collected from for the analysis of inflammation markers, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were determined using standard methods and techniques. The effect of age and duration of exposure on the inflammation parameters were considered.  Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1, developed by SAS Institute, North Carolina State University, USA was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, comparison of means of groups that are more than two was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test of multiple comparison was used to test for variance within and across groups. Results: There was significant increase in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in the exposed subjects (p <0.05) compared with the control subjects There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the age groups of the exposed and the control subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups, based on duration of exposure. This suggests that the toxic effect does not depend on the age or duration of exposure but on other factors for the automechanics in Aba.  Conclusion: This study shows that the exposure of automechanics may significantly increase the serum IL-6 TNF-α and Hs-CRP levels. Increase in the serum levels of the inflammation markers is predictive of the danger of future pathology in automechanics compared with non automechanics in Aba metropolis. Age and duration did not influence significant variation in the automechanics.

scholarly journals Effects of soil pH, Total Organic Carbon and texture on fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of quotidian organic compounds having between two and six condensed aromatic rings braced in angular, cluster or linear forms possessing hydrogen and carbon atoms only. This work aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of soil as determinants of PAHs distribution and fate. The study area is situated on the Benin River beneath the convergence of Jamieson River and River Ethiope. The weather and climatic conditions of the area are of the Niger Delta region. Sixteen priority PAHs were determined in ten sample stations. Upon extraction, purification and quantification of PAHs was done using GC-FID. According to the methods of Walkey-Blacks, Black and Bouyoucus, soil total organic carbon, pH and texture were analyzed respectively. Four replicate samples were chosen to create a composite and used as quality control. Kruskal-Wallis test with tied rank was used to determine a causative correlation between soil physicochemical parameters and ∑PAHs. Results showed that the study area is contaminated with high concentration of PAHs ranging from 60.76 – 271.11 239 µg.g-1 with higher percentages of HPAHs i.e. PAHs with LogKow > 4.0. It is observed that observed alkaline pH favour significant fungal, asperigellus and microbial degradation of PAHs, and hinder photo-catalytic degradation. However, acidification with elemental sulfur, ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate could enhance photo-catalytic degradation. Results of TOC and soil structure do not favour significant degradation of HPAHs. Kruskal-Wallis tied rank test revealed that there was a positive significant difference between pH, TOC, percentage clay, and silt fractions with ∑PAHs concentrations since calculated K is greater than critical K0.05, P<0.05 except percentage of sand fractions and ∑PAHs with P>0.05. A substantial percentage of these PAHs have no anthropic origin and are characterized as having high lipo-affinity, semi-volatility and resistance to biotic and/or abiotic transformations. Due to edaphic factors the observed HPAHs may partially degrade with the consequent formation of highly toxic by-products. Therefore, oral or dermal ingestion of soil in the study area may cause significant exposure of the human population to these PAHs. Risk assessment and probable toxicity effects on animal diversity should be carried out in soil samples of the study area.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Carbon Content of the Fractions of Humic Substances and Total Organic Carbon in Different Production Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Marcio André Francziskowski ◽  
Felipe Eliazar Cremonez ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Western Region ◽  
State University ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Soil organic matter is degraded and easily altered by the type of management. The objective of this work is to determine the total organic carbon and humic substance fractions in the organic matter of the soil with different management types and depths in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. The work was carried out in the Experimental Farm “Professor Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa”, belonging to the State University of the West of Paraná. Five soil management systems were evaluated: one area with corn cultivation for silage (CS); other area with succession of crops, with soybean in summer and corn in winter (SC); the next area also with succession of crops, with soy in the summer and oat in the winter (SO); the following area with permanent pasture with Tifton (PP); and the last area with crop-livestock integration (ILC). For each management system, four plots were randomly selected, in each plot three simple samples were collected in a diagonal direction to form a composite sample for the depth of 0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m and 0.10-0.15 m. Total organic carbon, fractionation of the humic substances and the AH/AF and EA/HUM ratios were calculated. For most of the analyzed variables, it was verified that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the systems evaluated in the studied depths. In the evaluated areas, the PP, SO and ILC systems presented the highest carbon content for all attributes analyzed.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Associated Factors and Outcome of Newborns with Anaemia as Seen in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Boma Awoala West ◽  
Adaku Arthur ◽  
Josephine Enekole Aitafo ◽  
Hannah Omunakwe
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
State University ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: There is paucity of literature on the prevalence of neonatal anaemia globally thus aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, determine the associations and the clinical outcome of neonates with anaemia. Study Design: This was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out among neonates admitted in the Special Care Baby Unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital over one year. Methodology: A convenient sampling size of 402 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Of 402 neonates assessed, 106(26.4%) had anaemia with PCV less than 42%.   Anaemia was observed more in males 56(52.8%), neonates delivered via Caesarean section 74(69.8%) and at gestational age less than 37 weeks 53(50%). Mild anaemia was observed mostly, 66(62.3%). Common pregnancy complications of mothers with anaemic babies were prolonged rupture of membranes 17(35.4%) and hypertension in pregnancy 14(29.2%) while the commonest morbidities in these neonates were probable sepsis 65(63.8%), neonatal jaundice 53(52%) and prematurity 53(52%). There was significant difference in anaemic and non-anaemic neonates with regards to mothers with gestational diabetes (P value < 0.0001). The factors associated with severe anaemia were probable sepsis and the duration of stay. Blood transfusion was carried out in 27(25.5%) neonates. An overall mortality of 7.5% was documented, severe anaemia being highest (21.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia was high being 26.4% and was observed more in males, preterms and babies delivered via Caesarean section. There was significant difference in anaemic and non-anaemic neonates with regards to mothers with gestational diabetes. Probable sepsis and duration of stay were significantly associated with severe anaemia. The mortality rate in neonates with anaemia was 7.5% thus there is need to assess newborns for anaemia with prompt intervention to prevent morbidity, mortality and long term sequelae.

CHARACTERISATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heryanto Langsa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Radiate

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa organik khususnya organic karbon terlarut (DOC) dari dua spesies daun tumbuhan (<em>wandoo eucalyptus </em>and <em>pinus radiate, conifer</em>) yang larut dalam air selama periode 5 bulan leaching eksperimen. Kecepatan melarutnya senyawa organic ditentukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan kombinasi dari beberapa teknik diantaranya Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyser, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spektrokopi dan pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).</p><p>Hasil analisis DOC dan UV menunjukkan peningkatan yang tajam dari kelarutan senyawa organic di awal periode pengamatan yang selanjutnya berkurang seiring dengan waktu secara eksponensial. Jumlah relatif senyawa organic yang terlarut tergantung pada luas permukaan, aktifitas mikrobiologi dan jenis sampel tumbuhan (segar atau kering) yang digunakan. Fluktuasi profil DOC dan UV<sub>254</sub> disebabkan oleh aktifitas mikrobiologi. Diperoleh bahwa daun kering lebih mudah terdegradasi menghasilkan senyawa organic dalam air dibandingkan dengan daun segar. Hasil pyrolysis secara umum menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hidrokarbon aromatic dan fenol (dan turunannya) lebih banyak ditemukan pada residue sampel setelah proses leaching kemungkinan karena adanya senyawa lignin atau aktifitas humifikasi mikrobiologi membuktikan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan komponen penting dalam proses karakterisasi DOC.</p>

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